Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 45
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Private household toilets linked to piped sewerage managed by a formal utility are often presented as the gold standard for sanitation. The historical development of sanitation in urban areas in the Global North largely explains the emergence of this technological conception. Institutions such as schools, health-care centres and detention centres will generally be connected to a formal sewerage network where this is available.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation