Certain forms of abuses in health-care settings that may cross a threshold of mistreatment that is tantamount to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment 2013, para. 25
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In da Silva Pimentel v. Brazil, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women observed that "the State is directly responsible for the action of private institutions when it outsources its medical services" and "always maintains the duty to regulate and monitor private health-care institutions". The Inter-American Court of Human Rights addressed State responsibility for actions of private actors in the context of health-care delivery in Ximenes Lopes v. Brazil.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment