A/79/334 report and the country visits conducted under her mandate, it is clear that more inclusive and articulated responses to internal displacement are urgently needed, as are measures to establish and strengthen coordination between humanitarian, development and peace actors. To strengthen the inclusion of internal displacement in peace processes, the Special Rapporteur highlights the importance of establishing mechanisms for the participation of internally displaced persons, legal and policy frameworks to facilitate durable solutions to displacement and measures to address the root causes of violence and displacement. A. Participation of internally displaced persons in peace processes 19. It is essential to centre the voices of internally displaced persons and other victims of human rights violations within peacebuilding, given that the perspectives of those who bear the consequences of conflict first-hand are fundamental to finding durable solutions and sustainable peace. Recognizing victims of human rights violations and ensuring that internally displaced persons have ownership and a meaningful stake in the peace process also helps to ensure the legitimacy of the process and to rebuild trust in public institutions. 20. However, peace stakeholders often fail to engage internally displaced persons in discussions related to rights violations and remedies. Political constraints play a role, as any party’s demands for expanding participation must be balanced with the limitations of formal political dialogues, 20 and the participation of internally displaced persons in high-level negotiations may be limited. Peace processes may be considered too sensitive and complex to engage victims, or they may not be adapted to make them accessible to internally displaced persons. Legalistic language and formal institutional frameworks may render peacebuilding processes difficult for internally displaced persons to navigate, or they may no longer have the identity documents required to assert their rights as citizens. Geographi c barriers may limit participation for those outside capital cities, where such processes often unfold. 21. Internally displaced persons facing intersecting forms of discrimination may have been disproportionately affected by human rights violations during conflicts, but they are often even more underrepresented in peacebuilding. That includes women, despite the adoption of Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on women and peace and security – and despite evidence of their effectiveness as peacebuilders in a wide range of contexts. LGBTQ+ persons often face disproportionate violence during conflicts, yet the violations they suffer are not adequately recognized owing to underreporting of such violence and to their exclusion from peace processes. Ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities, as well as Indigenous Peoples and peasants, are similarly underrepresented in many peacebuilding efforts and may face additio nal barriers to participation due to language, geography or discrimination. Older persons, children and young people may be excluded if they are not perceived as having agency or important perspectives. Persons with disabilities may face challenges in evac uating and in obtaining assistance in displacement, and others may develop new disabilities as a result of conflict-related injuries, yet they may be underrepresented in peacebuilding if those processes are not accessible. 22. Peace stakeholders should adapt peace processes to facilitate the meaningful participation of internally displaced persons in all their diversity. This should include participation modalities that move beyond traditional “track one” approaches, in which only high-level authorities are engaged, and move towards “track two” and “track three” approaches, which allow for participation by civil society and __________________ 20 24-15773 Institute for Integrated Transitions, “Effective participation in political and peace negotiations”, April 2021. 7/24