A/79/334 process, the Commission convened listening sessions with internally displaced persons to develop recommendations to address historical injustices. In addition, groups of internally displaced persons, supported by the national human rights institution of the Philippines, organized their own community-based initiatives to support peacebuilding efforts. 25 27. Several peace agreements have incorporated provisions to facilitate the participation of internally displaced persons in elections as voters and candidates. The Agreements on a Comprehensive Political Settlement of the Cambodia Conflict, signed in 1991, included specific measures to ensure that internally displaced persons could return to areas of origin and would have the same rights, freedoms and opportunities to take part in the post-conflict electoral process (annex 3, art. 3, and annex 4, art. 6). Through the National Pact concluded between the Government of Mali and the Unified Movements and Fronts of Azawad Giving Expression to the Special Status of Northern Mali, a peace agreement signed in 1992 between the Government of Mali and non-State armed groups, four special seats for internally displaced persons from the north of Mali were created to ensure their representation in the National Assembly and their participation in post-conflict governance (arts. 54 and 55). The Final Agreement for Ending the Conflict and Building a Stable and Lasting Peace, signed in Colombia in 2016, includes electoral management arrangements to ensure the participation of the most vulnerable and isolated populations, including internally displaced persons, by promoting a d iagnostic exercise to identify and address the obstacles faced by those communities in exercising the right to vote and by promoting the political representation of internally displaced persons through special transitory peace electoral districts where int ernally displaced persons in the process of return have priority as candidates (arts. 2.3.2 and 2.3.6). B. Fostering durable solutions in peace agreements 28. Peace agreements present a crucial opportunity to lay the groundwork for and enable durable solutions to internal displacement. Effective peace agreements bring about an end to hostilities, resulting in lower levels of violence and conflict, the latter being key to enabling internally displaced persons to exercise their right to a free choice of residence without feeling coerced by security concerns. 29. Durable solutions frameworks within peace agreements should ensure that the conceptualization of security goes beyond short-term humanitarian approaches to protection risks and extends to the establishment of a broader framework capable of protecting the full spectrum of human rights in peacetime. That requires the establishment or relegitimization of robust State and local institutions, strengthened laws and policies related to the protection of human rights and independent national human rights mechanisms. It is also important for peace agreements to account for the differentiated impacts of the conflict on victims in intersecting situations of vulnerability, including their specific safety concerns. Where groundwork for durable solutions is laid out explicitly in peace agreements, it is crucial that an appropriate sequencing and timeframe be considered, that allowance is made for the participation of internally displaced persons and that internally displaced persons are not encouraged to pursue settlement options before they can safely do so. In some cases, that has led to returns prior to the establishment of appropriate security arrangements, such as the removal of landmines and other explosive ordnance or the re-establishment of legitimate public security institutions, with deadly consequences. __________________ 25 24-15773 Submission by the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines (2023) , available at www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2023/call-input-thematic-priorities-special-rapporteur-humanrights-internally. 9/24