A/HRC/RES/58/4 Reaffirming the importance of the Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its implementation, highlighting in particular the important contribution made by cultural rights defenders involved in the protection of the cultural heritage of all humankind, 1. Calls upon all States to respect, promote and protect the right of everyone to take part in cultural life, including the ability to access and enjoy cultural heritage in all its forms, including digital heritage; 2. Deplores damage to the cultural heritage of countries in situations of crisis, conflict and post-conflict, in particular recent attacks on world cultural heritage sites, calls for an immediate end to such acts, encourages the use of digital tools, including satellite imagery, to monitor, safeguard, promote and reconstruct cultural heritage, and reminds States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and to the two Protocols thereto of the provisions contained therein to safeguard and respect cultural property and to prohibit, prevent and, if necessary, put a stop to any form of theft, pillage or misappropriation of, and any acts of vandalism directed against, cultural property; 3. Urges all parties to armed conflicts, whether international or non-international, to refrain from any unlawful military use or targeting of cultural property, in full conformity with their obligations under international humanitarian law; 4. Encourages States that have not yet become a party to relevant treaties that provide for the protection of tangible and intangible cultural heritage to consider doing so; 5. Calls for enhanced international cooperation in preventing and combating the organized looting, smuggling and theft of and illicit trafficking in cultural objects and in restoring stolen, looted or trafficked cultural property to its country of origin, and invites States to take measures in this regard at the national level to make effective use to this end of relevant tools and databases developed under the auspices of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the International Criminal Police Organization and the World Customs Organization, within the scope of their respective mandates; 6. Encourages strengthened international cooperation on the return or restitution of cultural properties of spiritual, ancestral, historical and cultural value to countries of origin, including but not limited to objets d’art, monuments, museum pieces, manuscripts and documents, and strongly encourages relevant private entities to similarly engage, including through bilateral dialogue and with the assistance of multilateral mechanisms, as appropriate; 7. Also encourages the strengthening of dialogue and cooperation between relevant international organizations and States affected by the organized looting, theft and smuggling of and illicit trafficking in cultural property, including through the provision of support and technical assistance aimed at enhancing their national capacities to restore, protect and preserve cultural heritage and property; 8. Calls for the development of partnerships between competent national authorities and civil society, in particular grass-roots institutions, with the aim of creating a safe and enabling environment to enhance the protection of cultural rights and to promote the right of everyone to take part in cultural life, including the ability to access and enjoy cultural heritage in all its aspects; 9. Recalls that, in General Assembly resolution 79/1, culture was recognized as an enabler of sustainable development, and encourages States to work on strengthening the incorporation of cultural diversity and aspects related to cultural rights in the implementation of their strategies for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, particularly the Sustainable Development Goal targets that explicitly relate to cultural rights that already exist; 10. Calls for the identification of innovative ways and best practices, at the national, regional and international levels, for the prevention of violations and abuses of 4