A/78/310 techniques, which constitute a subset of artificial intelligence, algorithms are trained to infer certain patterns based on a set of data in order to determine the actions needed to achieve a given goal. 10 9. In other words, to develop artificial intelligence, enormous amounts of information are collected, stored, analysed, processed and used to generate various results, actions or behaviours by machines or users of such machines. However, as UNESCO states in its aforementioned recommendation, “privacy, a right essential to the protection of human dignity, human autonomy and human agency, must be respected, protected and promoted throughout the life cycle of [artificial intelligence] systems.” 11 10. With the development of artificial intelligence, the proper processing of personal data is essential to prevent harm or threats to human rights, as the case may be. There are several initiatives and organizations that have worked to demand the development of human rights-compliant artificial intelligence. Some examples are provided below. 11. First, in October 2020, the Global Privacy Assembly adopted its resolution on accountability in the development and use of artificial intelligence, 12 in which it urged organizations that develop or use artificial intelligence systems to consider implementing the following accountability measures: • Assess the potential impact to human rights (including data protection and privacy rights) before the development and/or use of artificial intelligence; • Test the robustness, reliability, accuracy and data security of artificial intelligence before putting it into use, including identifyin g and addressing bias in the systems and the data they use that may lead to unfair outcomes; • Implement accountability measures which are appropriate regarding the risks of interference with human rights. 12. Along the same lines, UNESCO, in its recommendation, stated that: Algorithmic systems require adequate privacy impact assessments, which also include societal and ethical considerations of their use and an innovative use of the privacy by design approach. Artificial intelligence actors need to ensur e that they are accountable for the design and implementation of artificial intelligence systems in such a way as to ensure that personal information is protected throughout the life cycle of the [artificial intelligence] system. 13 13. In June 2019, the Ibero-American Data Protection Network published a document entitled “General recommendations for the treatment of personal data in artificial intelligence”, 14 in which it made some suggestions to developers of artificial intelligence products to guide them so that they can take into account the requirements __________________ 10 11 12 13 14 23-15851 European Commission, White Paper on Artificial Intelligence – a European approach to excellence and trust, COM (2020) 65 final. Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?qid=1603192201335&uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0065 . See https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137 , p. 21. See https://globalprivacyassembly.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/GPA-Resolution-onAccountability-in-the-Development-and-Use-of-AI-EN.pdf, p. 3. See https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137, pp. 21–22. Ibero-American Data Protection Network, “General recommendations for the treatment of personal data in artificial intelligence”, (2019). Text adopted by the members of the Network at the session of 21 June 2019, held in Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico. Availab le at https://www.redipd.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/guia-recomendaciones-generales-tratamientodatos-ia.pdf. 5/20