Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 48
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Mental health problems can be both the cause and the result of imprisonment. Inadequate health-care services, overcrowding and a lack of safety from abuse can exacerbate these problems. Women generally experience more psychological distress than men over their lifetimes, including anxiety, depression and guilt. Also, they have higher rates of substance abuse, personality disorders and histories of abuse than incarcerated men, and a higher rate of self-harm and attempted suicide.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences