Banking on mobility over a generation: follow-up to the regional study on the management of the external borders of the European Union and its impact on the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 28
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Commonly, boats carrying migrants to the European Union leave from: Egypt and Libya when using central and eastern Mediterranean channels; Morocco and Tunisia when using the western Mediterranean; and Turkey when using the Aegean Sea route. Many migrants have come an extremely long way, including from sub-Saharan countries and countries in the Middle East, to make these journeys. Migrants travelling through the Sahara are subjected to horrific treatment, including rape and other forms of violence.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants