The scope and objective of the exclusionary rule in judicial proceedings and in relation to acts by executive actors 2014, para. 45
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In this sense, the customary non-refoulement provision, as contained in article 3 of the Convention, is one obligation under the overarching aim of preventing torture and other ill-treatment. It contains the obligation of States not to return a person if there are substantial grounds for believing that he or she would be in danger of being subjected to torture, even outside the territory and control of a State. In the case of Soering v. the United Kingdom, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that even though the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms does not contain a specific non-refoulement provision prohibiting the extradition of a person to another State where he would be subject, or be likely to be subjected, to torture or other ill-treatment, such obligation was already inherent in the general terms of the prohibition against torture by referring to the recognition of its absolute nature and its fundamental value for democratic societies.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment