A/HRC/19/54 provincial and municipal authorities have a key role in assisting IDPs outside camps, and should be supported in this regard. 59. In view of the above, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations: A. General recommendations to national and international stakeholders • While practices to assess the needs and assist IDPs outside camp and their host communities already exist among some international and national actors, greater efforts and more comprehensive and predictable systems are required. Towards this end, humanitarian and development actors (including the donor community) at the national and international levels, and with the participation of civil society and affected communities, should: • Conduct assessments with view to identify good practices, gaps and challenges in the assistance and protection of IDPs outside camps, and host communities; • Develop relevant strategies to address these gaps, and set in place a more equitable, effective and systemised response to IDPs outside camps, and affected communities; • In addition to the specific issues, areas of focus and recommendations below, support research and improved responses in other areas meriting attention, including: IDPs outside camps living in rural, remote or isolated areas; distinguishing characteristics of conflict, natural disasters, and intra-city displacement contexts which may affect responses; and the needs of especially vulnerable groups of IDPs outside camps; • Promote, develop and implement strategies which extend the concept of assistance to include early recovery and development interventions in order to strengthen basic services and infrastructures of affected communities, and enhance the achievement of durable solutions for IDPs outside camps; B. Data collection • Engage with affected States and other stakeholders in awareness-raising, capacity-building and the implementation of effective, comprehensive, disaggregated and timely data collection/profiling systems for IDPs outside camps. These should include methodologies appropriate to: early identification of IDPs and their needs immediately during or after a crisis so as to allow for follow up once IDPs have dispersed; and to when IDPs are already living among host communities in urban or other settings. Due safeguards must be in place to protect IDPs who may not wish to be identified due to security or other reasons. Rapid needs and protection assessment tools should include mechanisms to identify: IDPs outside camps and their needs; the reasons why they stay out of camps; the support provided by and the needs of host communities and host families; and mechanisms for vulnerability analysis in different settings; 19