A/HRC/32/37
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to education
Contents
Page
I.
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................
3
II.
Recent activities undertaken by the Special Rapporteur ..................................................................
3
III.
The digital revolution in education ..................................................................................................
6
IV.
The digital divide .............................................................................................................................
7
A.
Disparities in access to the Internet and digital technology .....................................................
8
B.
Infrastructure contraints ...........................................................................................................
8
C.
Marginalization and exclusion .................................................................................................
8
V.
Digital technologies and norms and principles of the right to education .........................................
9
VI.
Challenges to quality and issues relating to the recognition of degrees and diplomas .....................
10
VII.
Importance of face-to-face learning and the role of teachers ...........................................................
11
VIII.
Preserving human values in digital technology ................................................................................
12
IX.
Fostering the humanistic mission of education ................................................................................
13
X.
Risks of digital education .................................................................................................................
13
XI.
Digital technology and copyright law ..............................................................................................
14
A.
Copyright issues.......................................................................................................................
14
B.
Open licensing frameworks .....................................................................................................
15
C.
Open educational resources .....................................................................................................
16
XII.
Digital technologies and the forces of privatization in education ....................................................
16
XIII.
Legal and policy responses to cope with the digital revolution ........................................................
17
Enabling environment ......................................................................................................................
18
Regulatory framework......................................................................................................................
18
A.
Prescriptive regulations............................................................................................................
19
B.
Prohibitive regulations .............................................................................................................
19
C.
Punitive regulations .................................................................................................................
19
XV.
Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................
20
XVI.
Recommendations ............................................................................................................................
21
XIV.
2