Countering child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse online A/RES/74/174 Social Council resolutions 2011/33 of 28 July 2011 on prevention, protection and international cooperation against the use of new information technologies to abuse and/or exploit children and 2004/27 of 21 July 2004 on the guidelines on justice for child victims and witnesses of crime and Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice resolution 16/2 of 27 April 2007 on effective crime prevention and criminal justice responses to combat sexual exploitation of children, 6 Acknowledging the distinct and important roles that parents, legal guardians, schools, civil society, sport associations, communities, State institutions and the media play in securing children’s protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse online and in preventing all forms of violence, including by promoting children’s online safety, Reaffirming the importance of the United Nations crime prevention and criminal justice programme in promoting effective action to strengthen international cooperation in crime prevention and criminal justice, Affirming the importance of the work of the Expert Group to Conduct a Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime and its contribution to the understandi ng of the threat of cybercrime, Noting the importance of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and its Global Programme on Trafficking in Persons, Global Programme on Violence against Children in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and Global Programme on Cybercrime, through which the Office provides capacity-building and technical assistance to requesting States to, inter alia, combat the sexual abuse and exploitation of children, including online, Recognizing the importance of international, regional and bilateral multistakeholder partnerships and initiatives that advance the effective protection and promotion of the rights of the child and the elimination of child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse online and through which research aimed at establishing a rigorous evidence base around children’s use of the Internet is conducted, and in this regard noting the efforts of, inter alia, the WeProtect Global Alliance and Global Kids Online, Recalling Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice resolution 27/3 of 18 May 2018, 7 in which the Commission expressed concern that the criminal misuse of information and communications technologies made it possible for criminals to commit illegal activities such as the recruitment, cont rol and harbouring of children subjected to trafficking in persons and the advertising of the trafficking in such children, as well as the construction of false identities enabling the abuse and/or exploitation of children, grooming and the creation of liv e-streamed or other child abuse materials, Recalling also Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice resolution 26/3 of 26 May 2017 on mainstreaming a gender perspective into crime prevention and criminal justice policies and programmes and into efforts to prevent and combat transnational organized crime, 8 1. Urges Member States to criminalize child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, including child sexual exploitation and sexual abuse online, allowing for the __________________ 6 7 8 19-22331 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2007, Supplement No. 10 (E/2007/30/Rev.1), part one, chap. I, sect. D. Ibid., 2018, Supplement No. 10 (E/2018/30), chap. I, sect. C. Ibid., 2017, Supplement No. 10 (E/2017/30), chap. I, sect. D. 3/6