A/RES/73/172 Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions enjoyment by all persons of human rights, gender equality, access to justice for all and effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, Noting with deep concern that impunity continues to be a major cause of the perpetuation of violations of human rights, including extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, especially with regard to the gender-related killing of women and girls, also known as femicide, Noting that enforced disappearances can end in extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, recalling the importance in this regard of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, 6 and calling upon all States which have not yet done so to consider signing and ratifying or acceding to the Convention, Acknowledging that international human rights law and international humanitarian law are complementary and mutually reinforcing, Noting with deep concern the growing number of civilians and persons hors de combat killed in situations of armed conflict and internal strife, and that women and girls are disproportionately affected by conflict, as recognized in Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000 on women and peace and security and subsequent resolutions on the matter, Noting with deep concern also the continuing instances of the arbitrary deprivation of life, resulting from, inter alia, the impo sition and implementation of capital punishment when carried out in a manner that violates international law, Recalling the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules) 7 and the adoption of the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules), 8 Deeply concerned about acts that can amount to extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions committed against persons exercising their r ights to peaceful assembly and freedom of expression in all regions of the world, Deeply concerned also about killings committed by non-State actors, including terrorist groups and criminal organizations, which may amount to abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law, Acknowledging that extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions may under certain circumstances amount to genocide, crimes against humanity or war crimes, as defined in international law, including in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 9 and recalling in this regard that each individual State has the responsibility to protect its populations from such crimes, as set out by the General Assembly in its resolutions 60/1 of 16 September 2005 and 63/308 of 14 September 2009, Convinced of the need for effective action to prevent, combat and eliminate the abhorrent practice of extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, which represent flagrant violations of international human rights law, particularly the right to life, as well as of international humanitarian law, 1. Reiterates its strong condemnation of all the extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions that continue to occur throughout the world; __________________ 6 7 8 9 2/6 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2716, No. 48088. Resolution 65/229, annex. Resolution 70/175, annex. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2187, No. 38544. 18-22268

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