Development cooperation with middle-income countries A/RES/74/231 Emphasizing that cohesive, nationally owned sustainable development strategies, supported by integrated national financing frameworks, will be at the heart of efforts by Member States, reiterating that each country has primary responsibility for its own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized, highlighting the need to respect each country’s policy space and leadership in the implementation of policies for poverty eradication and sustainable development while remaining consistent with relevant international rules and commitments, recognizing that national development efforts need to be supported by an enabling international economic environ ment, including coherent and mutually supporting world trade, monetary and financial systems and strengthened and enhanced global economic governance, and highlighting the fact that processes to develop and facilitate the availability of appropriate knowledge and technologies globally, on mutually agreed terms, as well as capacity-building, are also critical, including pursuing policy coherence and an enabling environment for sustainable development at all levels and by all actors and reinvigorating the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development and for the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Recognizing that, as per capita income increases above low-income thresholds, access to external public finance often decreases faster than can be offset by commensurate increases in tax revenues in per capita terms, Recognizing also that the enhanced and revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable Development, led by Governments, will be a vehicle for strengthening international cooperation and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, while noting that multi-stakeholder partnerships and the resources, knowledge and ingenuity of the private sector, civil society, the scientific community, academia, philanthropy and foundations, parliaments, local authorities, volunteers and other stakeholders will be important in mobilizing and sharing knowledge, expertise, technology and financial resources, complementing the efforts of Governments and supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular in developing countries, Recalling that the most vulnerable countries and, in particular, African countries, the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States deserve special attention, as do countries in situations of conflict and post-conflict countries, and that there are also serious challenges within many middle-income countries, Recognizing that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to development and that development cooperation by the United Nations development system should respond to the varying development needs of programme countries, including those of middle income countries, in a manner that addresses their specific challenges while mindful of their diversity, and recognizing also that revitalized, strategic, flexible and results and action-oriented United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Frameworks should be prepared and finalized in full consultation and agreement with national Governments and aligned with national development plans, strategies and circumstances in support of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Noting that, over the past 15 years, 35 low-income countries have transitioned to middle-income country status, reflecting the sustained economic growth achieved in most parts of the developing world, Noting also that national averages based on criteria such as per capita income do not always reflect the actual particularities and development needs of middleincome countries and that, despite notable progress in reducing poverty levels in both 19-22503 3/7