A/HRC/29/32
Contents
Page
I.
Introduction .............................................................................................................
1–5
3
II.
Secure and private communication in the digital age ..............................................
6–13
4
A.
Contemporary encryption and anonymity.......................................................
6–10
4
B.
Uses of the technologies .................................................................................
11–13
5
Encryption, anonymity and the rights to freedom of opinion and expression
and privacy ..............................................................................................................
14–28
6
A.
Privacy as a gateway for freedom of opinion and expression .........................
16–18
7
B.
Right to hold opinions without interference ...................................................
19–21
8
C.
Right to freedom of expression .......................................................................
22–26
9
D.
Roles of corporations ......................................................................................
27–28
10
Evaluating restrictions on encryption and anonymity .............................................
29–55
11
A.
Legal framework .............................................................................................
29–35
11
B.
State practice: examples and concerns ............................................................
36–55
12
Conclusions and recommendations .........................................................................
56–63
19
A.
States ...............................................................................................................
57–60
19
B.
International organizations, private sector and civil society ...........................
61–63
20
III.
IV.
V.
2
Paragraphs