A/HRC/21/42
Contents
Page
I.
Introduction .............................................................................................................
1–11
3
II.
Understanding stigma and its drivers ......................................................................
12–21
4
III.
Stigma and its links to water, sanitation and hygiene..............................................
22
6
IV.
Manifestations of stigma .........................................................................................
23–42
6
A.
Rendering people and their needs invisible ....................................................
24–28
7
B.
Pushing people to the margins of society........................................................
29–35
8
C.
Excluding people from facilities .....................................................................
36–37
10
D.
Ostracism within one‘s own family ................................................................
38
10
E.
Threats to privacy and security .......................................................................
39–40
11
F.
Criminalization ...............................................................................................
41–42
11
Situating stigma in the human rights framework.....................................................
43–57
11
V.
VI.
VII.
2
Paragraphs
A.
Human dignity ................................................................................................
44
12
B.
Human rights to water and sanitation .............................................................
45–47
12
C.
Non-discrimination and equality.....................................................................
48–51
13
D.
Prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment ..............................................
52–54
14
E.
Right to privacy ..............................................................................................
55–57
14
Identifying appropriate strategies for prevention and response ...............................
58–77
15
A.
Participation and empowerment .....................................................................
60–63
16
B.
Awareness-raising to break taboos and challenge stereotypes........................
64–69
17
C.
Legislative, policy and institutional measures ................................................
70–71
18
D.
Adopting targeted interventions ......................................................................
72–73
19
E.
Adopting technical measures ..........................................................................
74–75
19
F.
Ensuring access to justice ...............................................................................
76–77
19
Conclusions and recommendations .........................................................................
78–82
20