A/HRC/57/46 I. Introduction 1. While the use of labour during incarceration is not forced labour per se under international human rights and labour standards, incarcerated individuals should be recognized as workers who can enjoy conditions with regard to wages, social security and occupational safety and health that are comparable to the conditions of workers outside correctional settings. In the present report, the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, examines extent to which States make use of compulsory labour performed by incarcerated individuals and which practices may amount to contemporary forms of slavery and to other human rights violations. He also assesses the risk of formerly incarcerated people being subjected to contemporary forms of slavery. To inform his research, the Special Rapporteur issued a call for input to a wide range of stakeholders, including States Members of the United Nations, national human rights institutions, civil society organizations, United Nations entities and regional human rights bodies. He wishes to thank all entities that responded and welcomes the engagement demonstrated in this process.1 The Special Rapporteur also drew on information gathered from desk research and consultations with multiple stakeholders. He also consulted the International Labour Organization (ILO) with regard to the applicable normative framework and other matters. II. Activities of the Special Rapporteur 2. Since the presentation of his annual report to the Human Rights Council at its fiftyfourth session,2 the Special Rapporteur has continued to engage, in person and virtually, with multiple State officials; national human rights institutions; civil society representatives; human rights defenders, including anti-slavery activists; trade unions; businesses; investors; representatives of international organizations; and other stakeholders. For instance, in the margins of the fifty-fourth session of the Council, he co-hosted a hybrid side event on homelessness and contemporary forms of slavery, in connection with his annual report, which was focused on that issue. The event was co-sponsored by Portugal, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Consortium for Street Children. Furthermore, he attended the International Uyghur Forum in Tokyo and presented a thematic report on the use of technology in facilitating and preventing contemporary forms of slavery 3 to the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth session, in October. The Special Rapporteur also attended the 2023 Finance against Slavery and Trafficking annual stakeholder convening in November. He held several dialogues with civil society organizations and migrant worker coalitions based in Europe and Latin America on the situation of migrant workers in European countries, such as the United Kingdom, and in the United States of America. In addition, the Special Rapporteur attended numerous webinars and other events organized by civil society organizations, including at the margins of the sixty-eighth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, held in March 2024, and also met with grass-roots organizations combating discrimination based on work and descent in Asia. 3. The Special Rapporteur continued to engage with the Inter-Agency Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons and regular meetings were held with ILO and other United Nations entities. 4. In terms of country visits, the Special Rapporteur visited Côte d’Ivoire, from 6 to 17 November 2023.4 He is due to visit Australia in November 2024 and Serbia in 2025. He wishes to thank all Governments for their invitations. The Special Rapporteur issued various statements and communications addressed to States and private companies, most of them jointly with other special procedure mandate holders. 1 2 3 4 2 All submissions are available at https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2024/call-inputcontemporary-forms-slavery-affecting-currently-and-formerly. A/HRC/54/30. A/78/161. A/HRC/57/46/Add.2. GE.24-12247