A/HRC/26/38 call for comprehensive, coordinated, interdisciplinary, accessible and sustained multisectoral services and programmes and responses at all levels for all victims and survivors of all forms of violence against women and girls. The 1998 conclusions are more specific with regard to the steps that governments should take to address violence against women, whereas the 2007 and 2013 agreed conclusions are much more general. There is a greater emphasis on the intersection between economic, social and cultural rights and violence against women in the 2007 and 2013 conclusions. 13. Regarding the inclusion of specific categories of women at risk, there has been more inclusivity over the years. All three of the above-mentioned agreed conclusions discuss traditional, customary and religious practices that are harmful towards women, with a particular emphasis on female genital mutilation and its health consequences. The 2013 conclusions are less explicit about female genital mutilation, but refer to practices and customs that discriminate against or have a discriminatory impact on women. States are urged to ensure that the provisions of multiple legal systems, where they exist, comply with international human rights obligations, commitments and principles, including the principle of non-discrimination. 14. The 1998 conclusions place greater emphasis on the development and funding of national plans to end violence against women, while the 2007 conclusions call for the formulation of a national plan to address child labour. The 2013 conclusions recommend that governments develop and implement effective multisectoral national policies, strategies and programmes. 15. The 1998 and 2013 conclusions also place greater emphasis on the collection of data so as to inform the development, revision and implementation of laws, policies and strategies. The 2013 conclusions address the critical area of improving the evidence base, through multidisciplinary research and analysis on the structural and underlying causes of, the cost of and risk factors for, violence against women and girls. 16. The 1998 conclusions are very specific regarding the investigation and prosecution of acts of violence against women, ensuring the gender-sensitive development of an integrated framework that includes criminal, civil, evidentiary and procedural provisions for addressing the multiple forms of violence against women, and also ensuring the accountability of relevant law enforcement agencies for the implementation of such policies. 17. The 2013 conclusions highlight the prevention of and response to all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual and gender-based violence, in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, including through investigation, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators to end impunity; removal of barriers to women’s access to justice; the establishment of complaint and reporting mechanisms; the provision of support to victims and survivors; affordable and accessible health-care services; reintegration measures; and steps to increase women’s participation in conflict resolution and peacebuilding processes and post-conflict decision-making. 18. The CSW session in 2013 was challenging, with strong pressure from some States to prevent the inclusion of language referring to sexual orientation, gender identity or intimate partner violence, and contestation over a wider interpretation of the “family”. Nevertheless, new themes did emerge in the conclusions, including the need to support and protect women human rights defenders who work on gender-based violence; the need for governments to promote and protect the human rights of all women, including their right to have control over, and decide freely and responsibly, on matters relating to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence; specific commitments on the part of governments to ensure the safety of girls in public and private spaces; commitment to end early and forced marriage; and to prevent, investigate 6

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