CRC/GC/2001/1
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efforts to promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all peoples, to which
paragraph (1) (d) refers, might not always be automatically compatible with policies designed, in
accordance with paragraph (1) (c), to develop respect for the child’s own cultural identity,
language and values, for the national values of the country in which the child is living, the
country from which he or she may originate, and for civilizations different from his or her own.
But in fact, part of the importance of this provision lies precisely in its recognition of the need
for a balanced approach to education and one which succeeds in reconciling diverse values
through dialogue and respect for difference. Moreover, children are capable of playing a unique
role in bridging many of the differences that have historically separated groups of people from
one another.
The functions of article 29 (1)
5.
Article 29 (1) is much more than an inventory or listing of different objectives which
education should seek to achieve. Within the overall context of the Convention it serves to
highlight, inter alia, the following dimensions.
6.
First, it emphasizes the indispensable interconnected nature of the Convention’s
provisions. It draws upon, reinforces, integrates and complements a variety of other provisions
and cannot be properly understood in isolation from them. In addition to the general principles
of the Convention - non-discrimination (art. 2), the best interest of the child (art. 3), the right to
life, survival and development (art. 6), and the right to express views and have them taken into
account (art. 12) - many other provisions may be mentioned, such as but not limited to the rights
and responsibilities of parents (arts. 5 and 18), freedom of expression (art. 13), freedom of
thought (art. 14), the right to information (art. 17), the rights of children with disabilities
(art. 23), the right to education for health (art. 24), the right to education (art. 28), and the
linguistic and cultural rights of children belonging to minority groups (art. 30).
7.
Children’s rights are not detached or isolated values devoid of context, but exist within a
broader ethical framework which is partly described in article 29 (1) and in the preamble to the
Convention. Many of the criticisms that have been made of the Convention are specifically
answered by this provision. Thus, for example, this article underlines the importance of respect
for parents, of the need to view rights within their broader ethical, moral, spiritual, cultural or
social framework, and of the fact that most children’s rights, far from being externally imposed,
are embedded within the values of local communities.
8.
Second, the article attaches importance to the process by which the right to education is
to be promoted. Thus, efforts to promote the enjoyment of other rights must not be undermined,
and should be reinforced, by the values imparted in the educational process. This includes not
only the content of the curriculum but also the educational processes, the pedagogical methods
and the environment within which education takes place, whether it be the home, school, or
elsewhere. Children do not lose their human rights by virtue of passing through the school gates.
Thus, for example, education must be provided in a way that respects the inherent dignity of the
child and enables the child to express his or her views freely in accordance with article 12 (1)
and to participate in school life. Education must also be provided in a way that respects the strict
limits on discipline reflected in article 28 (2) and promotes non-violence in school. The
Committee has repeatedly made clear in its concluding observations that the use of corporal
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