The governments signatory hereto, being members of the Council of Europe,
Being resolved to take steps to ensure the collective enforcement of certain rights and freedoms other than
those already included in Section I of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms signed at Rome on 4 November 1950 (hereinafter referred to as
“the Convention”),
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1 – Protection of property
Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be
deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law
and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws
as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure
the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.
Article 2 – Right to education
No person shall be denied the right to education. In the exercise of any functions which it assumes in
relation to education and to teaching, the State shall respect the right of parents to ensure such education
and teaching in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions.
Article 3 – Right to free elections
The High Contracting Parties undertake to hold free elections at reasonable intervals by secret ballot,
under conditions which will ensure the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the
legislature.
Article 41 – Territorial application
Any High Contracting Party may at the time of signature or ratification or at any time thereafter
communicate to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe a declaration stating the extent to which it
undertakes that the provisions of the present Protocol shall apply to such of the territories for the
international relations of which it is responsible as are named therein.
Any High Contracting Party which has communicated a declaration in virtue of the preceding paragraph
may from time to time communicate a further declaration modifying the terms of any former declaration
or terminating the application of the provisions of this Protocol in respect of any territory.
A declaration made in accordance with this article shall be deemed to have been made in accordance with
paragraph 1 of Article 56 of the Convention.
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Text amended according to the provisions of Protocol No. 11 (ETS No. 155).
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