Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 63
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Flat rates are commonly used where meters are not installed, where a charge based on a certain volume of water used or sewage discharged would be impossible to implement. Some countries use property taxes as the basis for charging unrelated to consumption. Differentiated flat rates could be used that rise or fall depending on such criteria as household size, income and property value, among others, with care taken that marginalized and vulnerable individuals and groups are not being charged an unaffordable rate.
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Non-negotiated soft law
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Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation