A/RES/55/255 enabling the competent authorities of that country to trace the firearm, and a unique marking, if the firearm does not bear such a marking. The requirements of this subparagraph need not be applied to temporary imports of firearms for verifiable lawful purposes; (c) Ensure, at the time of transfer of a firearm from government stocks to permanent civilian use, the appropriate unique marking permitting identification by all States Parties of the transferring country. 2. States Parties shall encourage the firearms manufacturing industry to develop measures against the removal or alteration of markings. Article 9 Deactivation of firearms A State Party that does not recognize a deactivated accordance with its domestic law shall take the necessary establishment of specific offences if appropriate, to prevent deactivated firearms, consistent with the following deactivation: firearm as a firearm in measures, including the the illicit reactivation of general principles of (a) All essential parts of a deactivated firearm are to be rendered permanently inoperable and incapable of removal, replacement or modification in a manner that would permit the firearm to be reactivated in any way; (b) Arrangements are to be made for deactivation measures to be verified, where appropriate, by a competent authority to ensure that the modifications made to a firearm render it permanently inoperable; (c) Verification by a competent authority is to include a certificate or record attesting to the deactivation of the firearm or a clearly visible mark to that effect stamped on the firearm. Article 10 General requirements for export, import and transit licensing or authorization systems 1. Each State Party shall establish or maintain an effective system of export and import licensing or authorization, as well as of measures on international transit, for the transfer of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition. 2. Before issuing export licences or authorizations for shipments of firearms, their parts and components and ammunition, each State Party shall verify: (a) That the importing States have issued import licences or authorizations; and (b) That, without prejudice to bilateral or multilateral agreements or arrangements favouring landlocked States, the transit States have, at a minimum, given notice in writing, prior to shipment, that they have no objection to the transit. 3. The export and import licence or authorization and accompanying documentation together shall contain information that, at a minimum, shall include the place and the date of issuance, the date of expiration, the country of export, the country of import, the final recipient, a description and the quantity of the firearms, their parts and components and ammunition and, whenever there is transit, the 6