State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 10
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The Covenant establishes specific obligations of States parties at three levels — to respect, to protect and to fulfil. These obligations apply both with respect to situations on the State’s national territory, and outside the national territory in situations over which States parties may exercise control. The extraterritorial components of the obligations are addressed separately in subsection III. C below. That section clarifies the content of States’ obligations, focusing on their duties to protect, which are the most relevant in the context of business activities.