A/HRC/36/45
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe
drinking water and sanitation
Contents
Page
I.
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................
3
II.
Human rights obligations and responsibilities ..............................................................................
4
A.
Obligations of States .............................................................................................................
4
B.
Obligations of regulatory actors............................................................................................
5
C.
Responsibilities of service providers ....................................................................................
6
Regulation in water and sanitation services ..................................................................................
7
A.
Role of regulation .................................................................................................................
7
B.
Types of regulatory frameworks ...........................................................................................
8
1.
Self-regulation ..............................................................................................................
9
2.
Regulation by contract..................................................................................................
9
3.
Regulation by a separate regulatory body ....................................................................
10
Core functions of regulatory actors ...............................................................................................
11
A.
Setting standards ...................................................................................................................
11
1.
Availability ...................................................................................................................
11
2.
Accessibility .................................................................................................................
12
3.
Quality and safety.........................................................................................................
12
4.
Affordability .................................................................................................................
13
5.
Acceptability, privacy and dignity ...............................................................................
13
6.
Participation and access to information ........................................................................
14
7.
Equality and non-discrimination ..................................................................................
14
8.
Sustainability ................................................................................................................
14
9.
Accountability ..............................................................................................................
15
Monitoring implementation ..................................................................................................
15
1.
Formal service providers ..............................................................................................
15
2.
Informal service providers ............................................................................................
16
3.
Regulatory bodies .........................................................................................................
18
Ensuring accountability ........................................................................................................
18
Conclusions and recommendations ...............................................................................................
19
III.
IV.
B.
C.
V.
2