A/RES/80/222 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran dismissals and low worker wages, and to increase wages and pensions to ensure an adequate living standard; 19. Strongly urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to end violations of the rights to freedom of opinion and expression, both online and offline, which includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, and the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and freedom of association, including through Internet disruption practices such as full and partial Internet shutdowns, blocking of social media platforms and applications, shutting down networks and throttling access to the Internet, applications and services on mobile data, online censorship to intentionally prevent or disrupt access to or the dissemination of information online, acknowledges the lifting of the ban on access to specific platforms as a positive step, while expressing concern over existing measures restricting access online, the use of digital technologies to harass and delegitimize the work of human rights defenders, arbitrary or unlawful surveillance of online and digital contexts, and other widespread restrictions on Internet access or dissemination of information online, and calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to withdraw the bill on protecting the rights of users in cyberspace as its implementation undermines the rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals online; 20. Expresses concern about the renewed efforts by the Islamic Republic of Iran to limit access to information, criminalize dissent and the sharing of information, both online and offline, and increase repression through espionage-related charges imposed without due process, fair trial guarantees, and/or otherwise in violation international human rights law, including through the use of arbitrary arrest and detention, also expresses concern about the Law on Strengthening the Penalty for Espionage and Cooperation with the Zionist Regime and Hostile States, including its expansion of the scope of conduct considered to be espionage, and the expansion of offences punishable by long-term imprisonment and execution, further expresses concern regarding provisions that would allow for its retroactive application, contrary to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and calls for its immediate repeal; 21. Expresses grave concern about repressive activities conducted by the Islamic Republic of Iran to harm, silence and intimidate individuals who oppose the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and who bring attention to human rights violations, including human rights defenders, journalists, dissidents and their families, who, in some cases, are targeted overseas by transnational repression, including through digital, physical and other means, such as the targeting of family members inside the Islamic Republic of Iran through surveillance, harassment and intimidation as a means to silence those abroad, and expresses serious concern at the harassment and intimidation of victims, survivors and family members who seek accountability for human rights violations, including in relation to long-standing human rights violations such as enforced disappearances, and in relation to the 2022 protests; 22. Encourages the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to cooperate with all relevant authorities on investigations into allegations of harassment and intimidation of some families of the victims of the downing of Ukraine International Airlines flight 752, and calls upon the Government to ensure accountability for the downing in accordance with its obligations under applicable international law; 23. Reiterates its call upon the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the judicial and security branches, to create and maintain, in law and in practice, a safe and enabling environment, both online and offline, in which an independent, diverse and pluralistic civil society can operate free from hindrance, insecurity and reprisals, to end its harassment, intimidation and persecution, including abductions, arrests and 6/10 25-20984