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Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Cluster responsibilities at the global and national level have brought more predictability and helped to close gaps in the humanitarian response to internally displaced persons. In particular, UNHCR, as the cluster lead for the protection of internally displaced persons in conflict settings, emergency shelter, and camp management has taken on considerable responsibilities, including the role of "provider of last resort". In order to live up to these new commitments, UNHCR has increased its operational engagement and provided for institutional and budgetary amendments. However, the capacities of UNHCR, as well as those of its partners, in particular as regards training and adequate staff numbers, as well as the capacity to provide guidance in the area of protection, are still very limited compared to the overall needs of the displaced. A more robust and decisive engagement will be required.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
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Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- International mechanisms to protect internally displaced persons in situations of natural disasters are often not effective due to lack of understanding, knowledge and the capacity to address threats arising in disaster settings. OHCHR, UNHCR and UNICEF are still struggling to develop the capacity on the ground to match the commitment to leading on protection in disaster settings that they assumed during the course of the 2005 humanitarian reform initiative. The Representative therefore welcomes the expressed commitment of UNHCR to fill this gap within the IASC framework and in consultation with UNICEF and OHCHR, and hopes that its capacities will be enhanced accordingly. The Representative also encourages OHCHR and UNICEF to reinforce their efforts to increase capacity at headquarters and on the ground.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- In at least 35 countries internally displaced persons find themselves in protracted situations, meaning that processes to find durable solutions for them have stalled and the displaced are marginalized, and their rights, in particular economic, social and cultural rights, are not protected. Internally displaced persons in protracted situations often live in inhumane conditions and have no realistic chance of accessing opportunities to earn a living. The Representative has consistently found that the most likely victims of protracted displacement are the most vulnerable within the displaced population and include the elderly, people with disabilities, female-headed households and minorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- However, States fail to respect their obligations if they reject assistance offered without providing any reasons or if the reasons are based on errors in fact (for example, a denial of humanitarian needs without a proper assessment). States also act arbitrarily if they deny access for reasons that are not in line with their international obligations, for example, if a State rejects assistance offered in line with the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence despite being unable to ensure the necessary assistance through other resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- States must refrain from selectively denying consent to offers of humanitarian assistance with the intent or effect of discriminating against a particular group or section of the population. In the case of internally displaced persons in need, the Guiding Principles stipulate against such discrimination on the basis, inter alia, of race, sex, legal status, religious belief, political or other opinion, or ethnic or social origin (see Guiding Principle 4, para. 1). An example would be a Government that systematically rejects offers of humanitarian assistance to crisis-affected regions populated by ethnic groups perceived as favouring the political opposition.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, insurgents, de facto authorities and other non-State actors controlling a part of the territory may not withhold consent to the provision of humanitarian assistance on the basis that they do not have sovereign rights regarding the territory to which the assistance is destined. Article 7, paragraph 5 (g) of the Kampala Convention therefore specifically prohibits armed groups from "impeding humanitarian assistance and passage of all relief consignments, equipment and personnel to internally displaced persons".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- In 2007, based on a request from the Emergency Relief Coordinator and after extensive consultations, the Representative released the pilot version of the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. The Framework provides guidance on how to support such solutions and establishes criteria for assessing to what extent a durable solution has been achieved. Feedback from the field provided the basis for a further review of the Framework, which is presented to the Human Rights Council in its final form (A/HRC/13/21/Add.4). The Framework, endorsed by the IASC, is primarily aimed at guiding international and non-governmental humanitarian and development actors on how to work with governments in supporting durable solutions. As it also provides a response to the requests by the Council for ways to strengthen durable solutions and benchmarks for assessing when displacement ends (resolution 6/32, para. 7), the Framework should also be useful to member States affected by internal displacement and to donors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Climate change is arguably already acting as "an impact multiplier and accelerator". In addition to its negative impact on social and economic rights, which will itself provoke some displacement, climate change, interacting with other pressures or social and political factors, will exacerbate the risk of conflicts, which could then act as a driver of further displacement. Climate-related displacement is therefore likely to be characterized by multiple causalities, such as conflicts due to competition over resources or the loss of livelihoods. This was more recently highlighted during the Security Council debate of 20 July 2011 on the possible security implications of climate change, in which it was noted that climate change could aggravate or amplify existing security concerns and give rise to new ones, particularly in already fragile and vulnerable nations. It could also sharply intensify human displacement, bringing communities into increasing competition for finite natural resources with global repercussions for global economic stability.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 32b
- Paragraph text
- Higher temperatures in water and air, and increasing acidity of seas;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The above changes in our environment and climate are predicted to increase displacement and to alter its patterns, as people move to locations, predominantly within their own countries, which offer them greater human security and livelihoods. In some instances, for example when planned relocation is unsuccessful or when the spontaneously displaced congregate in urban centres already under pressure, secondary displacements may ensue. Indeed, secondary or cyclical displacements may become a by-product of ineffective adaptation strategies to address original displacement situations, as well as a consequence of the failure to sufficiently plan ahead in areas such as food security, urban planning or resource management - all of which may be put under additional pressure by the effects of climate change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In 2008, the Human Rights Council, in its resolution 7/23, requested OHCHR to undertake a study, in consultation with States and other key stakeholders, on the relationship between climate change and human rights. The study (A/HRC/10/61) provides an overview of the effects of climate change for human rights, including its impact on specific rights, vulnerable groups of persons, forced displacement and conflict, and examines the human rights implications of response measures to climate change. Importantly, it outlines relevant national and international obligations under international human rights law, including those relating to the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights and access to information and participation in decision-making. The study concludes that measures to address climate change should be informed and strengthened by international human rights standards and principles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Other actors have also enriched the discussion by focusing on specific rights or the impact of climate change on particular groups. In addition to posing a direct threat to the right to life, the effects of climate change are expected to have negative implications for basic rights relating to food (A/HRC/7/5), housing (A/64/255), water and health, and affect the overall right to an adequate standard of living (A/HRC/10/61, paras. 21-38). Some of these analyses have highlighted the link between the lack of access to these rights and displacement. In the context of climate change, internally displaced persons are also a growing category of persons considered to be especially at risk, given the adverse material, social and psychological consequences commonly associated with displacement. These risks are heightened by the fact that the most serious effects of climate change, including displacement, are predicted to disproportionately affect poor regions and countries and populations already in a vulnerable situation owing to poverty and other factors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Guiding Principles 6(c) and 7(1)(3) provide for specific standards and criteria that must be met when displacement is envisaged in a non-emergency context, such as with regard to the mitigation measures mentioned above and large-scale development projects. In the context of mitigation measures to address climate change, it will be important to assess the potential displacement likely to result from such measures and to strengthen guidelines, applying the standards in the Guiding Principles and a human rights-based approach.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- The mandate intends to continue to actively engage with African States on the ratification and implementation of the Kampala Convention in a number of ways, including: by holding regional consultations and workshops with concerned States; providing technical advice and assistance in the formulation of national policies and legislation implementing the Convention; and by developing generic tools on the Convention intended to provide guidance on specific aspects related to its domestic implementation. The latter could include annotations and commentary to the Convention, which can render more explicit the content and implications of its provisions and in this manner also assist its application and interpretation by States. A fuller description of the content of the Kampala Convention could also draw on the link between the Guiding Principles and the Convention, as well as its integration and references to international humanitarian, criminal and human rights law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Although much attention has been devoted to the scientific evidence of climate change and the preventive and mitigation measures necessary to stop or manage this phenomena, relatively little attention has been paid to date on the human rights implications of climate change and even less to finding durable solutions to climate-induced forced displacement. Yet, as pointed out by an OHCHR report in 2009, very tangible rights are potentially impacted by climate change including, inter alia, the right to life, water, food, health, and housing. In this context, internally displaced persons remain entitled to the range of human rights, including protection from arbitrary displacement, and to rights related to housing and property restitution which are so vital to durable solutions. It is estimated that many millions of people may be forcibly displaced due to climate change in the coming decades.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Assistance to displacement-affected communities may however, require a different approach to humanitarian assistance, so that the concept of assistance extends to include early recovery and development interventions, such as those related to the rehabilitation of key infrastructure necessary for basic services, such as water, sanitation, health and education. In the same vein, communities of return, resettlement or local integration will often require similar assistance in addition to efforts related to livelihoods and reconciliation measures. Situations characterized by mass destruction and displacement either due to conflict or natural disasters, such as the case of Haiti, are examples of the need to think beyond camps and to support all displacement-affected communities; a strategy which will also avoid situations of protracted displacement where IDP residents are unable to leave for lack of alternatives, and where impoverished neighbours sometimes join the camp in order to have access to the basic services that it provides.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 30
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- However, a study undertaken a few years later, in 2003, found that while considerable efforts had been made in a number of countries, the United Nations approach to protecting the rights of internally displaced persons continued to be largely ad hoc and suffered from insufficient political and financial support, which had undermined efforts in the field. The General Assembly reiterated the need to further strengthen inter-agency arrangements and the capacities of the United Nations and other relevant actors in order to meet the immense challenges of internal displacement and stressed the importance of an effective, accountable and predictable collaborative approach (resolution 58/177, para. 13). This led to the adoption by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee of a policy which sought to reinforce the collaborative response, but which was subsequently superseded in 2006 by the cluster approach, an arrangement aimed at creating more predictable and accountable leadership in nine sectors of humanitarian response.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- At the global level, the Heads of State and Government assembled in New York for the 2005 World Summit unanimously recognized the Guiding Principles as an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons (General Assembly resolution 60/1, para. 132), a recognition subsequently echoed by the Human Rights Council in its resolutions 6/32 and 20/9, and the General Assembly in resolution 66/125. The General Assembly further welcomed the fact that an increasing number of States, United Nations agencies and regional and non-governmental organizations were applying them as a standard, and encouraged all relevant actors to make use of the Guiding Principles when dealing with situations of internal displacement (resolution 62/152, para. 10). In addition, it has also recognized that the protection of internally displaced persons has been strengthened by identifying, reaffirming and consolidating specific standards for their protection, in particular through the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (resolution 66/165, tenth preambular paragraph).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The Protocol on Internally Displaced Persons served as an impetus for the African Union to draft the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (the Kampala Convention). A watershed in international law for the protection of internally displaced persons, the Kampala Convention was adopted by the African Union at its first ever Special Summit on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons, held in Kampala in October 2009. Developed over a five-year period, a process to which this mandate contributed at the request of the African Union, the Kampala Convention incorporates the Guiding Principles and sets out obligations for States parties, the African Union and humanitarian agencies in relation to all phases of displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Throughout the past 20 years of its existence and the various humanitarian reform initiatives that have taken place, the mandate has maintained a unique position and advocacy function concerning the human rights of internally displaced persons, in a context where there is no lead or single United Nations agency designated to be the voice for the internally displaced or to have an overall mandate for them. It has undertaken advocacy functions at all levels, international, national and regional, including more recently with respect to the ratification of the Kampala Convention. Drawing on its legacy of the Guiding Principles, it has worked to give practical effect to them through the development of normative standards and guidance intended to assist Governments and the humanitarian and development communities to operationalize different aspects of the Guiding Principles at different stages of displacement (A/HRC/13/21/Add.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the primary responsibility of the State for protection and assistance to internally displaced persons, a key focus of the mandate has been to support States in meeting that responsibility. It has done so through country visits and a strong tradition of follow-up visits, as well as other forms of continued practical engagement with States, such as participation in national workshops; the provision of technical guidance and support in the development of national legal and policy frameworks, as in the case of Kenya and Afghanistan more recently; and through training programmes such as the annual San Remo Course on the Law of Internal Displacement. Over the course of its existence, the mandate has visited over 30 countries, many repeatedly through follow-up visits, a key feature of the mandate's working methods intended to promote a process of continued dialogue with and support to States in the implementation of the mandate's recommendations and other initiatives on behalf of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- In many instances, internally displaced persons may live in compact settlements or camps, which present a number of further concerns, including concerns for personal safety, and in particular sexual and gender-based violence; the pull factor related to the provision of assistance in the camps; and the fact that camps may sustain a humanitarian assistance situation for too long at the expense of early recovery and durable solutions. As levels of displacement rise in the context of climate change, the urgency of finding long-lasting solutions for affected populations and avoiding the precariousness, marginalization and instability associated with situations of protracted displacement, will become a national, and potentially regional, security imperative.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In order to be successful, adaptation measures addressing internal displacement must provide durable solutions strategies in the form of return, local integration or resettlement in another part of the country. However, in the context of climate change, durable solutions are likely to be more complex and less static or one-dimensional. They may combine a number of solutions, including movements which are seasonal or temporary, or solutions which include continuity with the place of origin as well as integration in a different part of the country (for example, part of the family returns to the place of origin permanently or on a seasonal basis, while the breadwinner works in another location). Strategies addressing internal displacement should therefore be sufficiently flexible to include and support various scenarios of human adaptation, and ensure that durable solutions are based on free and informed consent.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- This call was in large part due to the efforts of a group of non-governmental organizations, which in 1990 undertook a joint campaign to highlight the gaps in the international system with respect to internally displaced persons and to advocate for the development of relevant international standards and the appointment of a United Nations representative on internally displaced persons. In 1992, the then Commission on Human Rights adopted resolution 1992/73, in which it called upon the Secretary-General to appoint a representative on internally displaced persons, who was tasked as one of his first activities to examine the applicability of international human rights and humanitarian and refugee law to the protection of internally displaced persons. Francis Deng, a scholar and diplomat from the Sudan, was appointed Special Representative and, together with a team of international legal experts and institutions, set out to fulfil this mandate, including through extensive consultations over several years.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In addition to displacement into cities, natural disasters, violence and conflict are also likely to cause complex intra-city displacement, such as was the case in Haiti in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. By virtue of the concentration of populations, resources, assets and services in cities, the impact of damages to cities due to conflict or natural disasters can be especially debilitating, including to humanitarian and recovery efforts. In such situations, an approach which addresses IDP-specific needs, as well as wider community needs (e.g. infrastructure and basic services needs) through a neighbourhood- or community-based approach, as has been advocated by this mandate, will likely be the most beneficial.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- While IDPs living in both camp and non-camp settings are greatly affected by relations with host communities, non-camp IDPs are particularly entwined with their hosts, as in many cases, they may not be able to rely on other actors such as international organizations or aid groups. In one analysis of IDP trends, it was found that in the majority of countries reviewed, most IDPs in non-camp settings had no assistance beyond that provided by the host community or host family. Better understanding of the role and specific assistance provided by host communities may therefore suggest ways of supporting them in their effort to assist the displaced living among them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The Cancun Adaptation Framework recognizes the need to support adaptation measures which are "country driven, gender sensitive, participatory and fully transparent […] taking into consideration vulnerable groups [and] communities" (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, decision 1/CP.16, para. 12). It further recognizes the need for measures to enhance understanding and cooperation with regard to climate change-induced displacement and planned relocation and the need to undertake impact vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including on the social and economic consequences of climate change adaptation options and response measures (paras. 14 (b) and (f) and preamble to section III.E). While complementary, the Guiding Principles and the Framework for Durable Solutions provide more specific and detailed guidance on standards related to participatory and procedural rights of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- The State has the primary responsibility to protect and assist persons displaced within its borders. At the same time, in the context of climate change-induced displacement and the disproportionate burden imposed on poor regions and countries, shared international responsibility has also been acknowledged. Where State capacities and resources are insufficient, international cooperation and partnerships should help support the cost of adaptation measures. This is consistent with human rights standards and principles (A/HRC/10/61, para. 87) and recognized in the Cancun Adaptation Framework, which invites Parties to enhance action on adaptation, taking into account their common but differentiated responsibilities and capacities as well as their priorities and circumstances (FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, decision 1/CP.16, para. 14).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Climate change has served to crystallize the impact of actions by individual States which go beyond the State to affect the rights of people and communities around the globe. Climate change knows no State or generational boundaries. Effective systems of international cooperation and responsible domestic governance are thus required to address it in line with human rights obligations and to support adaptation strategies to deal with the various human rights challenges, such as displacement, that it presents to the international community as a whole.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Many elements of this complex issue cannot be tackled herein. In particular, while the Special Rapporteur focuses on development actors and durable solutions in the context of peacebuilding, he also acknowledges the need to actively support durable solutions for internally displaced persons uprooted by natural disasters (see A/HRC/16/43/Add.5) and the need to focus future work on the role of donor and recipient States in tackling internal displacement through development and to strengthen the capacity of States to support durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Persistent barriers hinder cooperation between humanitarian, development and peacebuilding actors in support of durable solutions. They include different planning cycles, time frames, mandates, operational systems, terminology, vocabulary and approaches to working with Governments; use of different criteria to evaluate success and lack of common operationalizable benchmarks or indicators to measure progress towards durable solutions; lack of systematic, comprehensive and collaborative data collection and analysis, in addition to monitoring and evaluation exercises; disconnects between policies and priorities at the field and headquarters levels; inadequate engagement of the wide range of relevant ministries, international organizations (including development banks) and non-governmental organizations with roles to play in supporting solutions; failure to maximize the relative strengths of actors; lack of national and international ownership of the issue and lack of focused or coordinated leadership in support of solutions; lack of technical capacity and sustained support for solutions at the local, national and international levels; inadequate access to long-term funding, in particular to scale up successful pilots and integrate initiatives designed to support solutions into broader development programmes; that donors have separate funding streams for humanitarian and development programmes and struggle to ensure cooperation and coordination between them; insufficient consideration of durable solutions issues in transition and mission drawdown plans; failure to engage the private sector in developing innovative solutions; and insufficient awareness and inadequate integration of displacement considerations into development, peacebuilding and human rights capacity-building efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Gender-sensitive responses to internal displacement require the full and equal participation of women in decision-making at all stages of displacement and in peacemaking processes. Such participation is essential to effectively promoting and protecting human rights, preventing rights violations, achieving durable solutions, and supporting sustainable peace processes, post-conflict reconstruction and development. Ongoing participatory needs assessments and "bottom-up" participatory planning processes are essential to overcoming the "implementation gap" between gender policies and effective practice, and ensuring that nationally and internationally supported protection interventions complement women's self-protection strategies and respond to their evolving needs and concerns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Throughout the Convention, States parties are reminded of their obligation to consult internally displaced persons and allow them to participate in decisions relating to their protection and assistance (for example, art. 9 (2)), including in decisions relating to durable solutions. States must also take measures to ensure that displaced persons who are citizens of their country of habitual residence may enjoy their civil and political rights, particularly in relation to public participation, such as the right to vote and the right to run for public office. With regard to development projects, article 10 (2) requires States parties to ensure that the stakeholders concerned will explore feasible alternatives, with full information and consultation of persons likely to be displaced by projects.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- The preparation phase aims at, inter alia, defining key notions, gathering data on internal displacement, and deciding on the appropriate legal framework to address internal displacement and the support needed from relevant stakeholders. In the case of Kenya, in February 2011, a strategic planning workshop was convened by the Parliamentary Select Committee, where perspectives on the key concerns with regard to internal displacement were addressed by government ministries and the National Protection Working Group on Internal Displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- During the organization phase, a government body should be designated to lead the process. Experience shows that it is important that the Government lead have political clout, financial and human resources and knowledge of internal displacement issues. The Special Rapporteur reiterates the need to consult a wide range of national actors, including internally displaced persons and displacement-affected communities themselves. All the relevant tools for the development and drafting of the instrument should be identified - such as the above-mentioned manuals, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons and the Operational Guidelines on the Protection of Persons in Situations of Natural Disasters so that the lead Government entity can then organize the drafting and consultation process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- To monitor the implementation of the Kampala Convention, States parties are required to establish a Conference of States Parties (art. 14). States parties are also required to cooperate upon the request of a concerned State party or the Conference of States Parties, which is to convene regularly under the facilitation of the African Union (art. 14.2),to protect and assist internally displaced persons (art. 5.2). To date, the Conference of States Parties has never convened despite the provision in article 14 (2). The Special Rapporteur has repeatedly expressed his wish for the Conference of States Parties to be established in the near future.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The pursuit of durable solutions raises a range of concerns for IDW. Although the choice of a durable solution is, in principle, an individual matter, in practice decisions concerning durable solutions are usually made by families or communities, often marginalizing women's preferences. For example, particularly when they have been the targets of SGBV, IDW may be deterred from returning due to traumatic associations or fear of further attacks. Yet, in some instances families or other actors may pressure women to return despite these concerns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur reiterates the overall importance of profiling as a collaborative information-gathering process, which is indispensable for advocacy on durable solutions, policymaking and, most notably, planning and implementing durable solutions. Profiling is often more complex in urban settings, where internally displaced persons and displacement-affected populations live in informal settlements, usually without personal documentation, and where basic data are sometimes non-existent. Settlements for internally displaced persons, for example in Darfur, are not always static, whether in size or in location. In Mogadishu, which hosts one of the world's largest urban populations of internally displaced persons, the number of settlements has often increased uncontrollably and some settlements have shifted, as a whole or in part, on account of evictions or other secondary displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Given that national censuses often omit informal settlements or internally displaced persons for lack of documentation, there may be little knowledge of the size or profile of the urban internally displaced population. National censuses, as conducted in Cote d'Ivoire in 2014, must be designed to identify internally displaced persons and their location. Experience shows, however, that, when confronted by outsiders asking questions, internally displaced persons feel threatened, especially if they fear eviction or if they are asked questions relating to the informal sector.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In recent years, increased attention has been devoted to rising rates of displacement linked to the effects of climate change and the particularly adverse effects of climate change on potentially vulnerable groups, including women. It is now widely acknowledged that climate change impacts on men and women differently at all stages from preparedness to reconstruction. As recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), inequitable gender roles may exacerbate women's exposure to harm, while at the same time women may make "very significant, active contributions … [to] coping with and adapting to extremes". Women often experience higher rates of mortality than men in natural disasters and may experience particularly deleterious effects on health, exacerbated gender inequality and reduced access to education and livelihood opportunities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Causes of displacement are manifold, and in some situations they are not clear-cut but overlap. States can benefit from putting in place monitoring and early warning systems to help prevent displacement. Specialized monitoring bodies can collect data and carry out risk assessments to map potential displacement threats. In countries where displacement has already taken place, trends and patterns can be recurrent and new internal displacement events can potentially be foreseen. These bodies can alert the Government and other actors of the likelihood of displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- National human rights institutions, as independent human rights actors, have an essential role to play in preventing conflict-induced displacement and development-induced displacement in particular. One of the roles of national human rights institutions is to closely monitor the human rights situation and, in many cases, human rights violations precede and can trigger waves of internal displacement. In countries where displacement has already taken place and is likely to occur again, for example, countries vulnerable to cyclical disasters or where political instability or conflict has been ongoing for some time, national human rights institutions are valuable in preventing, preparing for and mitigating the consequences of renewed internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights has been active in displacement issues since becoming operational in 2003 (A/HRC/19/54/Add.2). It established regional offices and field monitors and has the responsibility, inter alia, to investigate allegations of human rights violations against internally displaced persons, to advocate on their behalf and to monitor the situation of internally displaced persons living in different settings. As co-chair of the National Protection Working Group on Internal Displacement, the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights played a major role in advocating for the development and adoption of an national policy on internally displaced persons policy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- In Colombia, an early warning mechanism was introduced in 2002, under the Office of the Ombudsman. This system was created to monitor conditions that could trigger conflict-induced displacement, human rights violations or other type of violence. When an imminent risk is detected, the Office of the Ombudsman sends a report to the Inter-Ministerial Committee for Early Warning, which would make the final decision whether to issue an early warning notice. However, while the practice is a good one, the Inter-Ministerial Committee has reportedly failed to respond quickly and effectively enough to reports issued by the Office of the Ombudsman warning of displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Such a body could coordinate at the national level the responsibilities of each line agency or ministry. It would also be responsible for maintaining a clear division of institutional roles and responsibilities between government bodies. This body should be composed of representatives of different ministries with sectoral responsibilities for internally displaced persons, key national and international agencies and representatives of internally displaced persons. Such mechanisms are essential to ensure holistic, cross-agency responses that recognize, for example, the important relationship between housing and employment and livelihood, which requires cooperation across agencies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- States affected by displacement should establish effective legal framework to provide fair compensation or other forms of reparation, where appropriate, to internally displaced persons for damage incurred as a result of displacement, in accordance with international standards. In certain cases, truth and reconciliation commissions have been involved in displacement issues and linkages between such mechanisms and durable solutions can be made. The mechanisms can contribute to ensuring durable solutions, notably by acknowledging and embracing internally displaced persons' narratives and experiences, fostering better relations between displaced populations and displacement-affected communities and making specific recommendations relevant to the pursuit of durable solutions with respect to housing, land, property restitution and similar issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- In Sri Lanka, the Commission of Inquiry on Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation was established in 2010. Its final report, published in 2011, contains chapters focusing specifically on internally displaced persons. The Commission acknowledged that without medium- and long-term durable solutions for internally displaced persons, a sustainable and all-inclusive reconciliation process could not be achieved. During his visit to Sri Lanka in December 2013, the Special Rapporteur supported the conclusion of the Commission and its recommendation that a uniform State policy be adopted aimed at the resettlement of internally displaced persons and/or integrating them into host communities, reiterating the need to raise awareness among internally displaced persons about the options available to them and to respect their final decision (A/HRC/26/33/Add.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- According to the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, a durable solution can only be achieved when internally displaced persons no longer have any specific assistance and protection needs that are linked to their displacement and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination on account of their displacement. A durable solution can be achieved through either (a) sustainable reintegration at the place of origin (return); (b) sustainable local integration in areas where internally displaced persons take refuge (local integration); or (c) sustainable integration in another part of the country (settlement elsewhere).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Authorities at all levels can take a number of measures to establish adequate disaster risk reduction and management systems. Some countries have established specific legal and policy frameworks on disaster risk reduction and management with a strong focus on displacement risk. Where disaster risk reduction systems already exist, they should be reviewed to ensure that they adequately integrate displacement issues. Disaster risk reduction and management strategies should also be mainstreamed across government bodies and forums established at the national and local levels to build awareness about disaster risk and disseminate specific information.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- During his joint visit to the Central African Republic in February 2015, the Special Rapporteur deplored the living conditions of nearly 500 members of the Peulh minority group, trapped in an enclave in Yaloke. According to reports, the food being distributed in Yaloke does not meet the cultural and nutritional needs of the Peulh minority group. The Peulh, living largely on a diet of beef and milk from cattle, are not used to the rice and beans that humanitarian agencies distribute. As of December 2014, over 40 Peulh had died from malnutrition and other diseases, the majority of them children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- IDPs frequently lose access to health care and medicines and rely heavily on humanitarian health-care assistance. The situation is particularly acute in the least developed countries where health-care provision is generally poor and in rural areas where facilities are sparse. In cases of large-scale displacement, the capacity of existing health-care services is often inadequate to respond to the psychological and physical health-care needs of IDPs. In urban settings, the challenges are also acute and include lack of capacity of health-care services, and challenges relating to documentation and possible discrimination. The costs of services and medicines frequently put adequate health care out of the reach of IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Médecins Sans Frontières has highlighted the health-care challenges facing IDPs, especially in the context of conflict, noting that "while programmes exist to provide surgical and other care to these victims, the vast majority will not receive the care they need because they live in regions where the health-care system has collapsed and where it is too dangerous for independent aid agencies to operate". To achieve that target "for all at all ages", requires resolving the health-care and well-being challenges experienced by IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- During his visit to Azerbaijan in May 2014, the Special Rapporteur highlighted the difficulties IDPs encountered in accessing health services due to limited availability and supplies in IDP communities. Limited access to reproductive health services was also raised. During his visit to Ukraine in September 2014, the Special Rapporteur learned that IDPs lacked access to essential medicines, which were not available free of charge. Those IDPs requiring urgent medical care or maternal health care and those with chronic health conditions are particularly vulnerable. Congested or cramped living conditions, poor hygiene and sanitation breed and spread diseases. The psychological impact of displacement and proximity to conflict often requires specialist care, rarely available to IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- For many children in displacement situations, exclusion from education can be a long-term problem. Particularly in less developed countries, lack of resources, buildings, teachers and education materials may all create barriers to education. Lack of documentation, including birth certificates, may be a factor in States in which students must demonstrate their citizenship or residence in a region to have access to services. Discrimination may also be a factor, with schools and local authorities being reluctant to accept displaced children from different ethnic, linguistic or religious groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- During his visit to Haiti in July 2014, the Special Rapporteur noted that one of the main obstacles in the search for durable solutions for IDPs remained the extreme poverty from which a large portion of the population suffered and which particularly affected those displaced by the 2010 earthquake. In that context, the Special Rapporteur further reaffirmed the primary responsibility of the Government to work towards rights-based development approaches to alleviating poverty that incorporated durable solutions for IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- A 2014 European Commission paper on "Development, refugees and IDPs" states: While refugees and IDPs frequently benefit from humanitarian assistance, they are often excluded from programmes and activities carried out by development actors, with the result that their developmental needs may be neglected and efforts to achieve sustainable solutions receive inadequate attention. At the same time, host populations might not benefit from humanitarian assistance provided to refugees and IDPs, paving the way to potential conflicts between the two communities. In addition, the development needs of returnees and long-term strategies to address them have often been overlooked once back in the country or area of origin.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- IDPs frequently face gross and persistent inequality that significantly worsens their displacement and hampers their ability to integrate fully into new or host societies. Reducing inequality and discrimination within countries helps prevent displacement as well as contributing to achieving durable solutions for IDPs. Respect for the principle of equal rights ensures the well-being of IDPs. Social, economic and political inclusion of all, including IDPs, is thus key to the prevention of displacement by achieving equality within and among countries. For some ethnic, religious or national minorities, their government is the perpetrator of violence, their homes are not safe and integration into new localities may be particularly difficult.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Effective and accessible mechanisms for justice and reconciliation should be established, with a legal mandate and the capacity to provide internally displaced persons with effective remedies for violations they may have suffered, including those committed by non-State as well as State actors. These should be geographically, culturally and economically sensitive, with simplified procedures to allow victims, regardless of their education, social status, gender and age, to pursue their claims. They should also be sensitive to specific obstacles that internally displaced persons can face, such as loss of documentation, trauma and fear of further victimization. To that end, the Special Rapporteur held joint sessions with the truth, justice and reconciliation commissions in Kenya and Côte d'Ivoire to hear testimonies from internally displaced persons during his official missions in September 2011 and July 2012, respectively.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- In situations of conflict-induced displacement, the challenges to achieving durable solutions may also include return and reintegration of internally displaced persons to former conflict areas and communities in which different ethnic or religious groups were in conflict. In Iraq, which he visited in May 2015, the Special Rapporteur noted that the return of some minority communities to their homes would require carefully managed and monitored processes of justice, reconciliation and rebuilding of trust between communities in the short, medium and long term, which could require specially trained units, police and other public officials to avoid problems and tensions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- During his follow-up visit to Kenya in May 2014, the Special Rapporteur noted that, although progress had been made in supporting durable solutions for those displaced following the post-election violence of 2007/08, significant obstacles to achieving that goal remained, most notably regarding socioeconomic and political integration. In accordance with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, he recalled that IDPs should be able to exercise their right to participate in public affairs at all levels and without discrimination on the basis of their displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Examples of positive governance structures include dedicated ministries, departments or units responsible for IDP issues and for ensuring that attention to IDPs is mainstreamed across relevant governmental and other bodies in areas such as education, employment, health, housing and development policy. Such bodies can work to ensure that greater attention to IDPs is paid by development actors, and should be appropriately resourced and funded. High-level leadership, for example specialist bodies under the office of the president or prime minister, can ensure that IDPs are given and maintain high priority at the national level and by development actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Clear references to IDPs should be included in the post-2015 goals and targets. While explicit references to IDPs may be lacking, many proposed goals and targets have the potential to directly or indirectly have a positive impact on IDPs at the national level. Nevertheless, it is essential to look beyond international cooperation and focus on the importance of national implementation. The report of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals states that "targets are defined as aspirational global targets, with each government setting its own national targets guided by the global level of ambition but taking into account national circumstances" (A/68/970, para. 18). National authorities are responsible for providing protection and development for all and for implementing strategies and programmes to meet internationally agreed targets and goals. Countries affected by internal displacement must set their own national targets and include IDPs in national development strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Indicators to help to assess the implementation of the sustainable development goals at the international level are still under consideration at the time of writing. The Special Rapporteur strongly advocates the indicators to systematically address the specific situation of IDPs by mentioning them explicitly as beneficiary groups. Displacement, whether due to conflict or disaster, is truly a "global" issue, potentially affecting rich and poor countries, northern and southern States, and international indicators should consequently specifically address displacement. Equally, countries should develop their own national-level indicators, taking into account, where relevant, their actual or potential displacement situation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- [Putting the most vulnerable people first was a major Summit theme, with the objective of leaving no one behind, which was one of five key responsibilities identified in line with the 2030 Agenda. World leaders and other participants at the Summit agreed to "reach the furthest behind". It was made clear that this category includes displaced people globally. The Special Rapporteur was one of the high-level leaders at the round table in which core commitments that are directly relevant to internally displaced people were addressed. These are:] Core commitment 5. Commit to actively work to uphold the institution of asylum and the principle of non-refoulement. Commit to support further accession to and strengthened implementation of national, regional and international laws and policy frameworks that ensure and improve the protection of refugees and internally displaced persons, such as the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, the Kampala Convention and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In Africa, the evolution of a regional framework for internally displaced persons has helped to clarify the roles and responsibilities of States. The Kampala Convention requires States to incorporate its provisions into domestic law and to designate an authority responsible for coordinating activities aimed at protecting and assisting internally displaced persons and assign responsibilities to appropriate organs, including cooperation with international organizations or agencies. Ratifying States must adopt measures, strategies and policies on internal displacement at the national and local levels, taking into account the needs of host communities. They must provide funds for protection and assistance and incorporate principles of the Convention into peace negotiations and agreements aimed at finding sustainable solutions to internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The massive displacement figures alone do little to reveal the devastating impact of conflict on civilians, particularly where international humanitarian law and human rights law are violated. Prevention and resolution of conflict are primarily the responsibility of national authorities. While, as recent experience of conflicts demonstrates, not all can be prevented or easily resolved, some conflict and violence can be prevented. It requires political will and leadership, but also concerted and timely action, strategic planning, institutional and governance structures and dedicated resources. With these in place, States can take effective steps in the area of prevention of conflict and internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- During the Special Rapporteur's visit to Sri Lanka in December 2013, he noted obstacles to durable solutions for IDPs in their lack of access to their original land, which prevented their return and their having sustainable livelihoods. He stressed that significant efforts were required to ensure that the livelihoods of IDPs were restored. During his visit to Ukraine in September 2014, the Special Rapporteur was informed of the difficulty faced by IDPs in finding employment and income-generating opportunities. Some IDPs described problems with their residence registration in their places of origin, their work records which remained with former employers, and discrimination when they identified themselves as IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- National and international development actors must engage with IDPs at the earliest stages of displacement and recognize that, even in cases where early return to places of origin or integration in host communities is possible and desired, the challenges facing IDPs are likely to be considerable and complex, requiring medium and long-term development-centred solutions. It may take years to fully rebuild displacement-affected communities or to integrate them fully into new communities to the extent that they achieve conditions of full equality, access to services and participation in the economic, social and public and political aspects of society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- In December 2012, the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons (the Kampala Convention) entered into force. The first legally binding instrument specifically for IDPs, it sets obligations for States in their responses to internal displacement and aims to "establish a legal framework for preventing internal displacement, and protecting and assisting internally displaced persons in Africa". So far, 24 African Union member States have ratified and a further 37 have signed the Convention. The Special Rapporteur reiterates his call for all African States to ratify and implement the Convention, as a key step towards ensuring durable solutions for IDPs and their inclusion in development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The plight of those in protracted displacement is relatively neglected. Failure to resolve protracted displacement accounts in large measure for the increasing populations of internally displaced persons at the global level, as new waves of displacement add to protracted layers of displacement. The longer the duration of displacement, the lower the prospect that durable solutions will be achieved. Equally, internally displaced persons outside camps are often assumed to have found their own solutions (see A/HRC/19/54). Most have not and some have chosen to remain invisible owing to protection concerns. Different methodologies are required, such as helplines and outreach programmes to identify and profile them, assess their needs in the overall context of the hosting communities and address such needs using humanitarian and development approaches. Addressing such internally displaced populations is essential to achieving national goals to solve and reduce internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The relationship between humanitarian and development actors has been the subject of perennial discussion. In the Chair's summary, the Summit recognized that humanitarian needs can no longer be viewed in isolation from broader sustainable development efforts that tackle the root causes of prolonged and recurrent need. The Summit took an important step towards transcending the humanitarian-development divide while reinforcing the importance of respecting humanitarian principles and space. A commitment to action on collaborating in a new way of working was signed by the Secretary-General and eight United Nations entities and endorsed by the World Bank and the International Organization for Migration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- National responses to internal displacement are often not integrated into national action or development plans. They are often ad hoc and conducted without clear time frames or long-term strategies or budgets in place. Attention may wane over time, resources may diminish and initial plans are revised or go unimplemented. In some cases displacement becomes protracted and transitional solutions become permanent. The political will and programme momentum may dissipate or disappear leaving internally displaced persons abandoned. Maintaining attention and resources through to the completion of durable solutions would benefit greatly from the establishment of national action plans under the framework of the Summit goal to reduce internal displacement by 2030.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- This target must be considered as a concrete commitment to action on a level with commitments and targets established under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. States affected by or facing the threat of internal displacement should consider strategic national action plans to resolve displacement, with clear time frames and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms in place, and with focused attention to achieve durable solutions. This should be done nationally and for each displacement scenario in view of the specificities of each situation and in full consultation with internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Recent displacement crises have demonstrated once again the links between internal displacement situations, the rights of internally displaced persons and the processes leading to refugee and migrant movements across borders. Internally displaced persons and refugees are often driven from their homes by similar circumstances and, for some people, internal displacement may be followed by cross-border displacement. Among the key reasons for further movement across borders are the failure of national protection systems and the lack of prospects for internally displaced persons to find solutions in their country of origin. While the nexus between internally displaced persons and refugees and that between internally displaced persons and migrants demand greater attention, it must be recalled that the majority of persons forcibly displaced by conflict and violence move and seek solutions within their countries, and internal displacement is a critical humanitarian issue in itself rather than the first stage in a migration journey.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The nexus between internally displaced persons and refugees has been particularly evident recently in the context of the conflicts in the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq. They have been characterized by extreme violence and disregard for the lives and human rights of civilian populations, including by ISIL, and the failure of Governments to fulfil their protection and assistance commitments. Other protracted conflict situations, including in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, South Sudan and the Sudan have resulted in similar situations of protracted displacement, which contributes to cross-border flight.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The primary responsibility of national Governments to take action towards achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons must be emphasized, and they must fulfil that responsibility through legal, policy and institutional frameworks and appropriate budgeting and development programme measures, including national development plans. Too often, there is an overreliance on international partners to initiate and maintain sustainable livelihood projects, for example, that should fall under the responsibility of line ministries. States are often slow to implement such programmes, and stronger steps must be taken to ensure that they meet their commitments according to international standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- A broad and inclusive approach to determining who is an internally displaced person is required under the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Kampala Convention. In addition to situations of armed conflict and disaster-induced displacement, both standards explicitly apply to those displaced by generalized violence. The prohibition of arbitrary displacement includes displacement based on policies of apartheid, ethnic cleansing, racial discrimination or other similar practices aimed at or resulting in altering the ethnic, religious or racial composition of the affected population, as well as displacement caused by other violations of human rights or used as a collective punishment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- This is not often the case; compensation is often pitiful and unable to sustain livelihoods and the responsibility to ensure that development-induced displacement leads to a durable solution by relocation or settlement elsewhere in the country is avoided. Development-induced displacement and resettlement processes have resulted in landlessness, joblessness, homelessness, marginalization, food insecurity, increased morbidity and mortality, loss of access to common property and ancestral lands and social disintegration, and have a cumulative impact seen in massive impoverishment and even death.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Many regions are affected by generalized violence resulting in internal displacement. For example, Central America, including the Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras, is deeply affected by generalized and gang-related violence. The Special Rapporteur visited Honduras in November 2015 and found that displacement as a result of gang-related (maras) and generalized violence is widespread and there is an "invisible epidemic" affecting whole communities and neighbourhoods. For many, the only option to escape threats, extortion and violence by the maras is to leave their homes and, often, their country. The Special Rapporteur commended the Government of Honduras for being the first in the region to publicly acknowledge the problem and to undertake an in-depth profiling to gain a better understanding of the situation. He urged it to put in place overdue protection measures for internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- International law and standards and national laws are sometimes given scant regard when approving development projects or granting business concessions that result in internal displacement. Often, there may be only a symbolic recognition of such standards, including the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. In other disturbing cases, development projects and agendas are pursued with the use of force and the forced displacement of communities from their lands and territories involving the use of military or paramilitary units, using threats, intimidation and killings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Two other mechanisms for reporting on compliance are outlined in the Kampala Convention. States must report on the measures they have taken to give effect to the Convention whenever they present their reports under article 62 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (art. 14.4). States Members of the African Union that have joined the African Peer Review Mechanism (must also report on such measures when they present their reports under the Mechanism (art. 14.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Other measures relevant to protection and assistance during displacement that the Convention requires States to take include, but are not limited to, support for registration and the provision or replacement of personal documentation (art. 13). The Convention stresses, however, that the failure to issue internally displaced persons with such documents should not in any way impair the exercise or enjoyment of their human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The mandate will seek to continue to dialogue and work with all relevant actors, including the members of the IASC, within which this issue was raised for discussion earlier this year, in order to improve the humanitarian response and the search for durable solutions for IDPs and displacement-affected communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- The national institutional focal point has the critical role of planning, managing and coordinating protection-related activities and programmes, including the provision of immediate relief and assistance. While delivery of services on the ground will fall to other designated implementing actors, having an institutional focal point as the sole entity responsible for supervising all the efforts is critical.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Patterns of urban displacement are multiple and encompass displacement from rural to urban areas and inter-urban and intra-urban displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Population displacements are likely to result from or be exacerbated by a number of different changes in our physical climate and environment, including:
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue and enhance work carried out under the mandate to ensure that internally displaced persons are not left behind, including in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. While there is no specific target relating to internal displacement, the Special Rapporteur emphasizes that it is incumbent upon States experiencing internal displacement to establish national implementation programmes and plans that recognize that internally displaced persons are among the most vulnerable populations, who have multiple challenges and needs relating to development priorities — including in the areas of education, health, housing, land, livelihoods and poverty.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue essential work to promote the development and implementation of legal and policy frameworks that are key to addressing internal displacement at all levels. While her predecessors played a leadership role in developing key international, regional and national frameworks, including the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, the Special Rapporteur will prioritize implementation and operationalization of these standards, in close collaboration with national governments, regional mechanisms and other relevant stakeholders. She will advocate for standards to be translated into domestic law and policy and will assist States and other organizations through direct engagement, recommendations, awareness-raising and mobilization of support. In line with this, the mandate holder will continue to co-chair, with UNHCR, the Global Protection Cluster’s task team on law and policy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Enhanced international attention has been given to large movements of refugees and migrants, including in the context of the United Nations Summit for Refugees and Migrants, held in New York on 19 September 2016, and of subsequent processes under way to adopt global compacts on safe, orderly and regular migration and on refugees by September 2018. The Special Rapporteur urges the international community to ensure that it maintains much-needed attention on the situation of internally displaced persons, recognizing that many who have crossed international borders as refugees or undocumented or trafficked migrants have initially been internally displaced in their own countries and have not been provided with the necessary protection and support allowing them to remain in their own countries if they so wish.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- At the national level, the Special Rapporteur has been deeply concerned by challenges experienced on the ground by humanitarian and development partners in the delivery of their essential services and assistance. These include challenges regarding access to persons and communities affected by internal displacement, due to security concerns or restrictions imposed by national governments, as well as by non-State armed groups and similar non-State actors, particularly in conflict situations. These obstacles seriously hamper their ability to provide essential and life-saving support. The Special Rapporteur will support and collaborate with United Nations agencies and bodies to advocate strongly for States to fulfil their obligations under international humanitarian and human rights law and standards to provide free and unfettered access to all communities in need of assistance. In this context, the Special Rapporteur would also like to give due attention to the role of non-State actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is alarmed by the inadequate levels of funding available for the essential work of humanitarian and development partners and civil society, especially those on the ground. She applauds the international donor community for its essential funding of humanitarian and development responses globally. She urges donors to maintain and expand essential funding, while incorporating the provisions of the Grand Bargain on humanitarian financing, including flexibility of funding to facilitate new approaches to humanitarian crises, and new ways of working to provide greater attention to durable solutions to internal displacement. A shortfall of funding by some national governments to adequately address their internal displacement situations, as well as mismanagement of funds, poor governance and lack of accountability, have, in some cases, created overreliance on the international community, which is unsustainable in the long term.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- During his tenure, the former Special Rapporteur focused on durable solutions as an essential pillar of the responses to internal displacement from the very onset of displacement. As durable solutions remain elusive and many internally displaced persons globally still live in protracted displacement, the Special Rapporteur is convinced that durable solutions must remain high on the agenda if all stakeholders are to address internal displacement in a comprehensive way. Promoting durable solutions for internally displaced persons will continue to be a primary focus of the work of the mandate, and new initiatives towards this goal will include focused thematic attention to strengthening the participation of internally displaced persons in decisions affecting them, and to ensuring that internally displaced persons are included fully in transitional justice, the restoration of housing, land and property, and peacebuilding processes, which are essential components of durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement establish that the prohibition of arbitrary displacement includes displacement “in cases of large-scale development projects, which are not justified by compelling and overriding public interests” (principle No. 6). While recognizing the significant benefits that development projects often bring to societies more widely, especially those in less developed countries, questions remain as to the appropriate criteria and parameters to be applied in cases where development could lead to internal displacement. The Special Rapporteur will consult with global and national development actors, including United Nations bodies and agencies, and other stakeholders, with the objective of clarifying the practices employed and the criteria applied at all phases of development processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Ongoing efforts in the context of Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008 )and 1888 (2009), which seek, inter alia, to strengthen women's participation in decision-making and their agency in conflict prevention, early recovery and governance, as well as in ending conflict related sexual violence and impunity, are important in the context of internal displacement. Equally relevant to the situation of women and girls in internal displacement situations are a number of other instruments, including the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the fundamental guarantees provided for in international humanitarian law. Despite these frameworks, the international community has paid insufficient attention to the particular human rights situation and solutions for women and girls in the specific context of internal displacement. The Special Rapporteur proposes to devote particular attention to exploring the gender dimensions of internal displacement, including by strengthening links with the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Committee on the Rights of the Child and other relevant bodies and organizations, in order to address the specific human rights violations and discriminatory practices which impact on women and girls at every stage of the displacement process, and by examining alternative solutions and prevention strategies which would be especially effective for them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The development of the Guiding Principles was an essential first step in establishing a normative framework providing international minimum standards for the treatment of internally displaced persons. A second wave of normative and operational advances which would translate the Guiding Principles into concrete programmes and legal and policy frameworks on the ground would eventually become possible thanks to the broad-based acceptance and growing authority of the Guiding Principles.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Although the 1998 Guiding Principles already identify natural disasters as one of the causes of internal displacement, natural disasters and their human consequences were for a long time not considered through the lens of internal displacement. This changed in the wake of large-scale disasters such as the tsunami of 2004 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005, with the Representative emphasizing the relevance of the Guiding Principles to such situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Such disregard for the human rights of those affected by natural disasters is not necessarily intentional, but often results from inappropriate policies, a lack of capacity to appropriately respond to the disaster and the challenges of reconstruction, or simple oversight. Therefore, it is necessary to use a human rights based approach to early warning, disaster contingency planning, disaster management and mitigation, and efforts to find durable solutions for the displaced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- In rural settings, internally displaced persons often stay with host families or host communities. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for instance, an estimated 70 per cent of internally displaced persons have been taken in by host families in keeping with African traditions of hospitality. Accessing and supporting these internally displaced persons and their hosts are often not given enough priority by national authorities and their humanitarian partners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Representative is concerned that there are several States that host large numbers of internally displaced persons but do not recognize them as such - sometimes going to great lengths to re-label the internally displaced as "mobile and vulnerable populations", "dislocated people" or "internal migrants" despite international recognition of the description of internally displaced persons in the Guiding Principles (see above, paragraphs 11-14).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The Representative is very concerned that the humanitarian space required to effectively protect and assist internally displaced persons is shrinking. Long-standing logistical difficulties in accessing people in crisis areas have been compounded by serious security concerns for humanitarian workers. In 2008, 260 humanitarian aid workers were killed, kidnapped or seriously injured in violent attacks, more than in any previous year on record.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Achieving durable solutions depends to varying degrees on progress in responding to structural challenges. This includes ensuring that urban planning, environmental protection, security sector reform, natural resource management and tenure reform efforts are effective and consider the particular concerns facing internally displaced persons. Governments and other actors are sometimes eager to promote return as the preferred solution. Durable solutions strategies must, however, be cognizant of the ways in which structural challenges may affect the decisions of internally displaced persons. For example, urbanization of internally displaced persons during the displacement phase may render rural returns less viable. Durable solutions strategies must respect the rights to freedom of movement and residency of internally displaced persons and should take into account considerations such as political and geographical divides (including tensions between central and periphery regions) and environmental sustainability. Owing to the vulnerability that internally displaced persons often face (e.g. discrimination, impoverishment and marginalization in decision-making), they may be excluded from or negatively affected by development activities in regions emerging from conflict. For example, internally displaced persons may be forced out of informal urban settlements or peripheral areas to make way for the construction of schools and business ventures.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Internally displaced persons in informal urban settlements typically reside in makeshift shelters, where they are barely protected from intruders and are exposed to the risk of sexual and gender-based violence. Urban displacement leads to changes in gender relations, thereby increasing risks of domestic violence, sexual and gender-based violence, survival sex, exploitation and forced labour. Access to protection and assistance for internally displaced women is vital.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In its article 4 (6), the Convention calls upon States to ensure the individual responsibility for acts of arbitrary displacement perpetrated by State officials, as well as by non-State entities, including multinational companies or private security organizations. In particular, article 7 (4) of the Convention provides that States must hold members of armed groups criminally responsible for human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- These reconceptualizations are important to integrating displacement and durable solutions into national, regional and municipal development plans and peacebuilding and transitional justice strategies. In this context, it is essential to see durable solutions as options available to internally displaced persons, moving beyond viewing return as a litmus test for stability and recognizing that returnees may be affected by a range of socioeconomic and security concerns. To better understand the ways in which peacebuilding approaches may support durable solutions (including through strengthening civil society groups, analysing sectarian dynamics, managing conflict in return communities and facilitating dialogue between conflicted groups), it may be helpful for the Peacebuilding Support Office to undertake a thematic review of the issue. Such a review could promote more consistent engagement in support of solutions from within the peacebuilding community and help humanitarian and development actors to effectively integrate peacebuilding approaches into durable solutions interventions, with support from the Peacebuilding Fund and from the peace and development advisers jointly deployed by UNDP and the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to engage in global and regional initiatives and processes to identify, raise awareness of and concretely address the impact of slow-onset disasters and climate change and its implications on internal displacement. The Special Rapporteur considers that more attention needs to be given to this evolving issue, particularly to the links between climate change and internal displacement, and their implications in relation to human security and conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- States must plan for the necessary resources to provide humanitarian assistance. A number of countries, such as Costa Rica and Madagascar, require all national authorities to earmark budget lines for disaster preparedness and response activities. Ethiopia established the National Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Fund, as well as the Emergency Food Security Reserve. In order to fulfil their responsibilities to ensure the survival and basic welfare of their population, Governments can, and should, also draw on the complementary capacities of such local actors as the national Red Cross or Red Crescent societies and of international humanitarian actors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The Representative considers that greater efforts have to be made on the part of the international community to work with national and local authorities in weak States and strengthen their capacities, instead of taking the easier short cut of substitution that often leads to a dead end. Encouraging the development of laws and policies on internal displacement can be a first step to engaging the relevant authorities. Laws and policies of course do not automatically result in action on the ground, but they are a necessary precondition for authorities to assume their expected role. If soundly drafted, they define responsibilities within government, establish coordination mechanisms and set priorities and activities to which national budget lines and earmarked donor funding can be tied.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- The 2005 humanitarian reform initiative created an early recovery cluster, with UNDP as lead, thus acknowledging the importance of the transition between humanitarian action in emergency situations and steps towards full recovery. The Representative has on several occasions observed a gap between the phasing out by humanitarian actors and the arrival of development actors. He stresses the need for humanitarian and development actors to work hand in hand and to begin recovery activities as early as possible. Present weaknesses in early recovery activities are exacerbated by underfunding of the early recovery cluster and the lack of flexible funding mechanisms in this area.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- The Kampala Convention, for example, requires national authorities to request international assistance when available resources are inadequate to protect and assist internally displaced persons. The Great Lakes Protocol obliges States to "facilitate rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access and assistance to internally displaced persons" (article 3, para. 6). Colombia's law on internally displaced persons specifically recognizes the rights of the displaced to assistance and a corresponding right of the international community to provide humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- According to this Principle, which reflects the position of the Security Council, the General Assembly and regional organizations, States must exercise their sovereign rights in good faith and in line with the responsibilities sovereignty entails, including the human rights obligation to ensure the provision of necessary humanitarian assistance. Similarly, according to customary international humanitarian law applicable in situations of international as well as non international armed conflicts, parties to a conflict "must allow and facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of humanitarian relief for civilians in need, which is impartial in character and conducted without any adverse distinction, subject to their right of control".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The Representative has consistently emphasized that allowing internally displaced persons to normalize their living situation does not in any way extinguish their right to return. On the contrary, people who have regained control of their lives are in a much stronger position to eventually achieve a durable solution, while also posing less of a burden to local communities and social services. The Representative has engaged with the Governments of Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Serbia and Turkey on this issue and notes that this has led to some positive policy changes on the part of the Governments concerned.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Modern peace agreements emphasize the right to return of all displaced, which is a positive trend. At the same time, there is a tendency to neglect those who are not willing or able to return. The Representative, sometimes with success, has suggested on several occasions to negotiators that they recognize the right of internally displaced persons to freely choose between return, local integration and settlement in another part of the country in accordance with the Guiding Principles. Involving all sectors of the displaced at least indirectly in peace processes, an issue on which the Representative has worked extensively, should ensure that peace agreements and peacebuilding efforts reflect the rights, needs and legitimate interests of the displaced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Protracted displacement can also be the product of political indifference on the part of national authorities, development actors and donors. Internally displaced persons, who may have received generous humanitarian assistance at the height of a crisis, are often forgotten as soon as the guns fall silent or the flood waters recede. Without assistance in re-establishing their lives (and their livelihoods in particular) the displaced enter a vicious cycle of dependency on aid and protracted displacement. The continued failure of the donor community to adequately fund early recovery strategies and activities is particularly worrisome in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Durable solutions for internally displaced persons - the very opposite of protracted displacement - are often simplistically equated with returns. It is important to emphasize that a durable solution can be achieved through (a) return and sustainable reintegration in the place of origin, (b) sustainable integration in local areas where internally displaced persons have taken refuge, or (c) settlement and sustainable integration in any other part of the country. There is no inherent hierarchy among these options. The internally displaced have the right to make an informed and voluntary choice as to the durable solution they would like to pursue.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Building a durable solution is a complex process of gradually achieving a situation where the internally displaced no longer have any displacement-specific needs and can enjoy their human rights without discrimination related to their displacement. Families torn apart by conflict or disaster have to be reunited. Livelihoods, housing, land and property and public services have to be reconstructed so that internally displaced persons can enjoy an adequate standard of living. In cases involving arbitrary displacement and other serious violations, it is often also necessary to restore a sense of justice and provide the displaced with effective remedies for the violations they suffered (see also above in chapter III, section G).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur on the right to food for example, has analysed the adverse impact of extreme climate changes on livelihoods and food security. The impact of climate change on agricultural production in developing countries in particular, which has been well documented, will result in volatile markets and threaten the right to food for millions of people. It may be necessary to address and re-evaluate methods of agricultural production, in addition to addressing humanitarian assistance needs. Research and decisions made with regard to agricultural approaches and other measures to ensure food security and resource management will profoundly affect displacement patterns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Measures to address these vulnerabilities and meet the challenges related to climate change-induced displacement should be informed and supported by a human rights-based approach which is applied at all phases of displacement and disaster response. The Nansen principles, developed at the Nansen Conference on Climate Change and Displacement (see para. 15 above), underscored the need for such an approach. Principle I states that "responses to climate and environmentally-related displacement need to be informed by adequate knowledge and guided by the fundamental principles of humanity, human dignity, human rights and international cooperation".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Holding a central place in this framework are the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (see note 6 above), which are based on standards in international human rights and humanitarian law and, by analogy, international refugee law. While not legally binding as such, the Guiding Principles restate relevant hard law and have been affirmed by the international community as "an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons". They have served as an important normative standard for the protection of persons displaced in a variety of contexts including conflict, serious human rights violations, natural disasters, and development projects.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The socio-economic impact of climate change is expected to have significant consequences for the enjoyment of human rights, for the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and for human security (A/HRC/10/61) In this context, internal displacement represents a further challenge of adaptation to the effects of climate change. In its resolution 64/162 of 18 December 2009, the General Assembly recognized natural disasters as a cause of internal displacement and voiced concern about factors, such as climate change, that were expected to exacerbate the impact of natural hazards, and climate-related slow-onset events.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were drafted and subject to a broad-based consultation process from 1996 to 1998, and finalized at a conference of 50 international experts in Vienna, hosted by the Government of Austria. In 1998, the Special Representative presented the outcome of this work to the Human Rights Commission, which unanimously adopted resolution 1998/50, in which it took note of the Guiding Principles and of the Special Representative's stated intention to use them in his ongoing dialogue with Governments and other relevant actors. An annotated version of the Guiding Principles published in 2000 further improved understanding of their legal foundations by detailing the provisions in hard law on which each of the Guiding Principles is based.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- As the first, and thus far only, legally binding regional instrument on internal displacement, the adoption of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons (Kampala Convention) in October 2009 is a major achievement. It represents the will and determination of African States to address the problem of internal displacement in Africa, which is home to 12 million internally displaced persons, and over 40 per cent of all IDPs worldwide who have been displaced due to conflict or violence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- According to experts, the very "concentration of resources, assets and services in cities can lead to more debilitating impacts of disasters, conflict and violence". This has drawn the attention of the humanitarian community and urban specialists to the particular impact on urban settings of climate change, with a focus on the increasing urban vulnerability gap, housing challenges and the need to move away from only focusing on humanitarian response and develop disaster prevention strategies specific to urban settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Since its endorsement, a total of 29 of the 53 African Union Member States have signed the Convention and three States, namely Uganda, Sierra Leone and Chad, have ratified it. However, in order to enter into force and become legally binding, the Convention must be ratified by a minimum of 15 countries. The Special Rapporteur strongly urges all African States to ratify the Convention, even if they are not presently affected by displacement. The Convention will ensure that these countries too are prepared and can provide protection to their populations from forced displacement, as well in the event of a natural disaster. Moreover, it is now vital that African Member States follow through and conclude the process which began with the adoption of the Convention, by speedily signing and ratifying the Convention so that it may actually come into force.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement explicitly call on States to provide protection for women and girls, including by safeguarding them from gender-specific violence and by ensuring their rights to equal access to services and participation in assistance programs. Yet, we know that abuses against displaced women and girls continue to be perpetrated with impunity in many parts of the world, and that many do not have adequate access to key rights and services, or to adequate physical, legal or social protection. While efforts have been made to strengthen legal protection for displaced women who are survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, more needs to be done both at this level, as well as in terms of concrete assistance so that these women and their families can rebuild their lives and durable solutions be found together with them. Assistance without durable solutions will never be sufficient to improve their situation and their vulnerability to further abuse and human rights violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- More recently, a study published in 2011 used the Framework for National Responsibility as a basis to examine the manner and extent to which national authorities were addressing internal displacement in 15 of the 20 countries most affected by internal displacement due to conflict, generalized violence and human rights violations. One of the study's main findings was that national human rights institutions can play a pivotal role in improving national responses to internal displacement. In particular, they have played an important role in raising awareness of internal displacement, monitoring displacement situations and returns, investigating individual complaints, advocating for and advising Governments on the drafting of national policies to address internal displacement, and monitoring and reporting on the implementation of national policies and legislation. The Special Rapporteur is pleased that an increasing number of national human rights institutions are integrating internal displacement into their work, and will continue supporting them in this critical role.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- According to recent estimates, at the end of 2011 the number of persons internally displaced owing to armed conflict, generalized violence or human rights violations stood at 26.4 million. This figure included new large-scale displacements in several regions, including in Africa and the Middle East. Protracted displacement, including long-standing situations in which one or more generations have grown up in displacement, were also a key feature of displacement trends in 2011, affecting an estimated 40 countries. The current figure of nearly 27 million internally displaced persons worldwide reflects a steady increase over the past 15 years due to new displacements but also to unresolved protracted displacement situations and ongoing internal conflicts. In the late 1990s this figure was less than 20 million.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The majority of such displacements over the past four years have been due to a small number of large and megadisasters. Although megadisasters are relatively rare they have a great impact on internal displacement figures. In terms of the number of internally displaced persons, in 2011 the top 10 disasters continued to be in Asia, including multiple events in China, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Japan. In contrast to the visibility of large and megadisasters, many smaller disasters go relatively underreported. Yet, their impact on low-income households and communities, especially if they are recurrent, has the effect of undermining resilience and aggravating vulnerabilities or creating new ones. As such, they are an issue deserving of further attention by humanitarian and development actors alike.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Although significant data and research exist with regard to displacement due to sudden onset hazards, slow onset natural hazards and disasters, for example drought and desertification, and their impact on internal displacement are a feature of climate change which is less understood and on which far fewer data are readily available. It is essential that work continue to be undertaken in this area in order to improve the monitoring of displacement patterns, the availability and quality of data collection, and appropriate prevention and response systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- In 1992, the United Nations Secretary-General noted that indeed there was no clear statement of the human rights of internally displaced persons and that international law in that regard consisted in a patchwork of customary and conventional standards (E/CN.4/1992/23, para. 103). He called for the elaboration of guidelines that would clarify the implications of existing human rights law for persons who were internally displaced, and fashion from existing standards one comprehensive, universally applicable body of principles which addressed the main needs and problems of such persons (ibid., para. 104).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Other factors conducive to durable solutions include re-establishing local economies and livelihoods, encouraging self-reliance in affected communities and promoting their participation in all activities, from humanitarian assistance delivery to engagement with development actors. In the case of resettlement or relocation, strategies related to land, housing and livelihoods are essential, as is a community-based approach which takes account of the needs of receiving communities. Increased internal displacement will also require mechanisms to address possible integration challenges and tensions with receiving communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The term "host community" has been used to depict a community hosting a camp, or a non-camp population. However it has also become a "catch-all" term, which often obscures the complexity and variety of communities in which IDPs live. The kinds of host communities vary widely across contexts. In many cases, 'host communities' simply refers to communities in which relatives or friends take in a family member. At other times, they refer to communities in locations to which IDPs have fled and remain during their period of displacement. Often host communities and host families may be poor or living in precarious conditions themselves. They may lack physical security, adequate access to basic services, and may have been impacted by conflict or a natural disaster as well. In some cases host communities are receiving new arrivals while in others they may be reintegrating returnees. In other contexts, such as those subject to repeated or cyclical displacements, host communities may be made up of IDPs who have simply been displaced longer.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The present report builds on the long history of efforts by the current mandate holder and his predecessors to support efforts to resolve displacement and reflects the Special Rapporteur's decision to make achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons a priority of the second term of his mandate. In this context, he welcomes the increasingly widespread recognition of the need for a paradigm shift that recognizes displacement not only as a humanitarian concern, but also as a development and peacebuilding challenge in the period after armed conflict. He is also pleased to note a number of important new opportunities to address this issue, including decision No. 2011/20 of the Policy Committee, in which the Secretary-General endorsed the preliminary framework on ending displacement in the aftermath of conflict (hereinafter "Secretary-General's Framework"), which establishes priorities and responsibilities to support the delivery of durable solutions for internally displaced persons and refugees returning to their country of origin; the Transitional Solutions Initiative by UNDP, UNHCR and the World Bank, which is aimed at ending the dependency of displaced persons on humanitarian assistance, creating sustainable livelihoods for them and improving conditions for the host communities; the negotiation of the post-2015 development agenda; the evolution of debates on early recovery, resilience and State fragility; and the piloting of new donor arrangements such as the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Displacement in urban areas can stem from conflict in those areas. In some countries, such as Colombia or the Syrian Arab Republic, armed hostilities have taken place largely in urban, and hence densely populated, areas and therefore resulted in record numbers of internally displaced persons in urban areas. Sudden-onset natural disasters that struck urban centres, such as those affecting Tacloban, Philippines, Port-au-Prince or New Orleans, United States of America, had an enormous impact on the inhabitants and resulted in large-scale displacement. Such displacement is often lasting, as the Special Rapporteur witnessed himself in July 2014 during his visit to Haiti, where durable solutions remain distant for many. Many cities in areas prone to sudden-onset or slow-onset disasters - coastal and deltaic areas or riverine zones - face future risks of internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Flight to urban areas following conflict or disaster in another part of the country is also a common feature of internal displacement today. Urban areas may promise more safety than rural areas as a result of the anonymity and invisibility that one can acquire there. For example, there are girls in Abidjan who were victims of sexual violence in places of displacement in rural areas or who became pregnant during displacement and moved to the city. A primary reason for flight to urban areas is family links, but the hope of finding alternative livelihoods is also a factor that influences the flight of internally displaced persons, who often lose their original livelihoods through displacement. Similarly, education opportunities and better services, such as special health care, regularly lead to flight to urban areas and peripheries. Urban areas may therefore allow internally displaced persons to better maintain their coping mechanisms and resilience, albeit at low levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Access to justice and accountability mechanisms remains limited and inadequate for most IDW. In some cases, women are constrained to use customary justice systems, which often discriminate against them and apply principles in contradiction with national and international standards. In others, formal justice mechanisms may also discriminate against women and therefore not provide the best outcome for IDW. The Special Rapporteur finds the most glaring gap to be in access to justice for survivors of sexual violence. Ensuring legal justice for survivors can be transformative because it sends a clear message rejecting impunity for this heinous crime. However, in some instances IDW not only lack access to effective remedies, but have themselves been charged when bringing forward allegations of rape by State security forces in camps. Conversely, legal aid, where available, has proven invaluable to IDW seeking access to justice for SGBV, as well as for other crimes and legal claims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, in the absence of rule of law that characterizes many conflict and post-conflict contexts and where women's access to formal justice mechanisms may be compromised by lack of documentation, illiteracy and absence of or restricted access to judicial structures, it is important for the humanitarian community to engage with alternative dispute resolution processes (including customary, religious and local governance structures) to promote women's access to land and housing and resolve disputes over central issues such as inheritance. International development actors also have a critical role to play in working alongside national actors to respond to these concerns and support more concerted efforts to evaluate interventions and identify best practices in this field.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- International and national actors should also be accountable to IDW for delivery of effective protection and assistance programmes, a challenge currently largely unmet. Integrating a stronger gender lens into initiatives such as the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership Standard in Accountability and Quality Management and more accessible and trusted complaints and response mechanisms at field level constitute important steps towards addressing this challenge. Increasing donor accountability towards IDW entails more effectively integrating gender issues into donorship practices, including through tools like the gender marker.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The competent authorities have the primary duty and responsibility to establish conditions and means that allow internally displaced persons to attain durable solutions (see principle 28 of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement). Very often, however, there is a lack of coordination between the national and municipal authorities when it comes to carrying out that duty at the level of policy formulation and implementation, which leads to policy gaps. Municipal authorities tend to prefer short-term measures of forcible eviction or return of urban internally displaced persons to their places of origin, if possible. This challenge can be dealt with through law and policy as tools for providing the basis for coordination and, as stated above, the mandate holders have given law and policy development support in specific instances of urban displacement, such as in Afghanistan, Kenya, Somalia and Yemen.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Overall, the Special Rapporteur notes that discussions of gender issues within host and return communities and how particular durable solutions can backstop protection for IDW remain relatively nascent. Addressing them requires more concerted attention, as well as cooperation between humanitarian and development actors. The piloting of the Secretary-General's 2011 Framework for Ending Displacement in the Aftermath of Conflict represents an important opportunity to strengthen attention to the particular rights, needs and concerns of IDW in the pursuit of durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- In 2012 alone, an estimated 7.7 million people were displaced in the wake of natural disasters in countries that have signed or ratified the Kampala Convention, which explains the special attention drawn to natural and man-made disasters in it. The Convention requires States parties to take measures specifically to prevent and mitigate the effects of disasters, including by establishing early warning systems and implementing disaster risk reduction strategies, emergency and disaster preparedness and management measures in areas at risk.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- At the time of writing, 39 of 54 States Members of the African Union had signed the Kampala Convention, while 22 had ratified it. The Convention is an innovative agreement in that it provides guarantees against forced displacement and standards for the protection of and assistance for persons during displacement, as well as with regard to durable solutions. It also addresses the causes of displacement, which are not limited to situations of armed conflicts and human rights violations but also encompass situations of natural or human-made disasters. Moreover, the Convention is unique in that, in its article 2(d), it provides for the obligations and responsibilities of States parties, while also specifying the roles and responsibilities of non-State armed groups, private companies, humanitarian agencies and civil society organizations, the international community, internally displaced persons and communities affected by displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- As stated in the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, national authorities bear the primary duty and responsibility to provide protection and humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons within their jurisdiction (principle 3). This underscores that authorities at all levels - national and local - must show leadership in dealing with internal displacement issues, notably by being proactive and having adequate governance structures in place to better prevent, mitigate and respond to internal displacement crises. However, in many instances, there is a lack of clarity as to which institutions are mandated to deal with internal displacement, what their roles and responsibilities are, as well as the actions necessary to address the issue appropriately.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Line ministries should review their sectoral laws and policies to ensure that they include internally displaced persons and displacement-affected communities, including their specific rights, needs and vulnerabilities, and adapt laws and policies accordingly so that they are appropriately tailored to the situation. These ministries should review their planning and programming under sectoral laws and policies to ensure that internally displaced persons and displacement-affected communities are able to access and benefit from such programmes on an equal basis with the non displaced populations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- In decentralized or devolved systems, subnational, regional and local authorities often play an essential role in responding to internal displacement. These authorities are often the first point of contact with internally displaced persons and are the ones to which internally displaced persons turn first for assistance. It is therefore critical that local authorities be easily identifiable, have clearly defined responsibilities and be fully included in national coordination mechanisms. As the counterpart of national authorities at a specific location and of internally displaced persons communities themselves, local authorities should participate fully in all decision-making.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- A joint study on internal displacement in the region of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) found that in decentralized States, "coordination should be vertical as well as horizontal, in the sense that it should not only facilitate decision-making among the various relevant actors at the central level but also ensure that clear guidance, follow-up actions, and information flow smoothly between those actors and regional and/or local coordination bodies". National authorities must ensure that local authorities have the necessary resources and expertise to function efficiently and are not overburdened during the response.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Once internal displacement occurs, authorities can be quickly overwhelmed and can lack resources to respond adequately to the immediate needs. The international community has a complementary role, providing assistance to those in need where States are unable to do so. It is essential that Governments recognize their need for international assistance and facilitate that assistance as quickly as possible. This requires granting full access to humanitarian assistance to all regions affected by displacement and all communities of internally displaced persons. Barriers or restrictions have sometimes been imposed, in particular in conditions of conflict, which can jeopardize the protection of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- During times of emergency, coordination is critical to minimize gaps and overlaps in the delivery of assistance by humanitarian organizations. The cluster approach was introduced in 2005, after the reform of the humanitarian agenda, notably to enhance the response to the specific needs of displaced populations. The cluster system has been used in more than 30 countries and allows both United Nations and non-United Nations organizations to participate. It is essential that Governments be included in the cluster system and participate in relevant meetings so that once Governments are ready, the response can be handed over to them and the cluster system can step down.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- A durable solution cannot be said to have been achieved if internally displaced persons cannot enjoy physical safety and security and cannot benefit from the effective protection of national and local authorities, including protection from the threats that triggered the initial displacement or that may cause renewed displacement. It is essential that national and local authorities pay specific attention to the protection of internally displaced persons, maintain monitoring mechanisms to ensure that internally displaced persons are not victims of further violations in their place of return, local integration or resettlement and ensure accountability by receiving complaints and addressing them. The specific protection needs of internally displaced women and girls should be given dedicated attention and it may be useful to appoint trained gender focal points in different sectors of the police and other law enforcement bodies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- There is a danger of camps and their populations becoming "invisible" or an inconvenience that national authorities seek to remove by closure or demolition of facilities. Regrettably, some governments have taken the view that the closure of camps and/or the provision of cash grants to IDPs without linking the grants to livelihood and other sustainable strategies, constitute a solution to displacement that absolves them of further responsibilities. Such measures may be forced upon IDPs or accepted by them, since they are frequently unaware of their rights under international law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- During his visit to Cote d'Ivoire, the Special Rapporteur was pleased to learn that an inter-ministerial technical committee had been established to address land issues. However, it was noted that a specific government focal point on land reform issues would have been more valuable to ensure coordination of national efforts and the participation of internally displaced persons in the process (A/HRC/23/44/Add.1). During his follow-up visit in 2014, he welcomed the efforts undertaken by the Government to resolve disputes over land issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals released its proposal on sustainable development goals in August 2014. The proposed goals are: (1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere; (2) End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture; (3) Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages; (4) Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all; (5) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls; (6) Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all; (7) Ensure access to affordable, reliable and sustainable and modern energy for all; (8) Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all; (9) Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation; (10) Reduce inequality within and among countries; (11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable; (12) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns; (13) Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts; (14) Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development; (15) Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss; (16) Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels; (17) Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Hunger and food insecurity are frequently the most pressing problems for IDPs. Having lost access to lands and livelihoods, their ability to produce or purchase food may be limited, leaving them heavily reliant on humanitarian aid or the charitable donations of host families and communities, who may also face food insecurity. Where displacement becomes protracted, without durable solutions in place, food security and nutrition problems may be particularly pronounced, especially where humanitarian aid has diminished or ended. Often lacking adequate coping mechanisms, IDPs are amongst the most vulnerable communities in terms of food security.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- While humanitarian aid staples often consist of rice, beans, oil and tinned produce, as well as products to meet the nutritional needs of children, there is frequently a shortage of higher value or perishable foodstuffs, such as meat, fish and vegetables. A restricted diet over any significant period can result in inadequate nutrition and malnutrition, with a lasting effect on the health of individuals and their susceptibility to illness. In this respect, the Special Rapporteur stresses the importance of taking into account the specific needs of children, breastfeeding mothers and groups with specific dietary habits, such as nomadic peoples. Systematically implementing an approach to hunger and food security that recognizes the need for availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality, means also including IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Secure access to safe water and sanitation can be a matter of life or death for IDPs. While national and international actors have achieved much in terms of emergency humanitarian provision of water, sanitation and hygiene for all, barriers to the provision of safe water and sanitation continue to create and exacerbate disease, illness and death among IDPs. Once humanitarian actors leave or step down their activities following conflict or disaster, the degradation of emergency water and sanitation systems remains a significant challenge for many IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Humanitarian programmes have achieved essential results. In the Darfur region of the Sudan displacement has affected an estimated 2.7 million Darfurians since 2013. A 647 million euro project from April 2012 provided IDPs in targeted camps with 15 litres of safe water per day; established water collection points within safe walking distance; ensured access to adequate sanitation facilities and latrines; and ensured that targeted communities had knowledge of waterborne diseases and their prevention. Some 182,890 people were beneficiaries of the 12-month programme. While such results are impressive, the challenge remains to ensure sustainability and to transition from humanitarian responses to durable, development-led solutions as early as possible.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The nexus between conflict and internal displacement is clear and it is evident that the most important measures that States can take to reduce internal displacement are measures to prevent conflict before it takes place and resolve ongoing conflicts. Numerous global leaders recognized the centrality of political will to effectively prevent and end conflicts, address root causes, reduce fragility and strengthen good governance; yet brutal conflicts continue to break out and fuel massive increases in internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- These requirements have resulted in a higher and increasing level of legal, policy and institutional developments in the African region. Numerous countries, including some in Europe, Asia and Latin America, have also adopted or are in the process of drafting national laws and policy documents on internal displacement. This is a positive trend but one which should be greatly enhanced as a measure of preparedness across all States in all regions. National laws and policies provide legal guarantees to internally displaced persons that are essential to the protection of their rights in practice, as well as establishing a legal framework for the allocation of budgets and funds dedicated to their assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The message of leaving no one behind has been at the core of international processes to address deficits in development and humanitarian action, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and now the World Humanitarian Summit. Identifying, reaching and assisting internally displaced persons and other most-vulnerable populations must be the highest priority for the present and future efforts to prevent and respond to humanitarian crises. This commitment demands that States and the international community pay new attention and take new and innovative action to protect those at risk of or experiencing internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Internally displaced persons are some of the most vulnerable, having lost their homes, livelihoods, security and social and community networks and support. Many suffer from family separation during flight and trauma and health problems related to displacement and/or conflict or disasters. They may be at risk when they are present in or close to ongoing conflicts or disasters, or having to fend for themselves with little access to humanitarian or development assistance. The majority are outside of camps and difficult to reach. Innovative and creative approaches are needed to integrate their protection and assistance needs into development processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- It is frequently some of the most marginalized and most vulnerable in societies, including national, ethnic or religious minorities, or indigenous peoples, who are at risk of displacement. Conflict or disaster may create a downwards spiral of vulnerability in which already marginalized populations face displacement which exacerbates their vulnerability and places them into highly perilous situations of insecurity and extreme poverty, usually driving them to informal settlements in urban areas in search of anonymity and livelihoods. Displacement may be combined with discriminatory attitudes or policies, including denial or deprivation of citizenship, and neglect of the primary responsibility for protection as required under international standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- Particular challenges face some people within internally displaced populations, including older persons, persons with disabilities, unaccompanied minors, or members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender community. Women are made particularly vulnerable by displacement, including to sexual or gender-based violence and other human rights violations, and consequently require specific protection measures. A key protection element is disaggregated data to provide an evidence base to build a profile of internally displaced persons and assess their needs according to their circumstances. Such data is often lacking and this gap reinforces the significance of the work carried out by bodies such as the Joint Internally Displaced Person Profiling Service (JIPS; see www.jips.org/en/home).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- LGBTQI+
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The skills and abilities that exist within displacement-affected communities should be better utilized and developed. Recognizing internally displaced persons as economic agents offers new possibilities to employ the talent and capacity that exists within internally displaced populations as an essential component of the transition towards durable solutions. Assessment of their capacity for recovery is also key to engaging development partners based on evidence and data that demonstrates the potential to move beyond the emergency assistance phase.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Strengthening the resources and capacity of national non-governmental organizations, community and faith-based organizations and others, including volunteer groups, helps to ensure that local partners are closely involved in achieving local- and area-based solutions. As stated by the Secretary-General "We must become better at supporting and strengthening national and local capacities rather than replacing them" (see A/70/709, para. 170). Not only is this valuable in the short-term, it helps to build national capacity to respond to long-term displacement challenges.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- As the Special Rapporteur highlighted in his report on his country visit to the Syrian Arab Republic (see A/HRC/32/35/Add.2), UNDP focused on building the resilience of the affected population in the Syrian Arab Republic to stabilize livelihoods and strengthen capacities to cope with the shocks and negative impacts of the crisis. In 2014, UNDP scaled up its early recovery and resilience interventions targeting 14 governorates. By March 2015, it was implementing over 100 recovery, resilience and livelihood projects, many in close collaboration with local partners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The primary responsibility of the State to protect and assist internally displaced persons extends to funding. While some States are among the poorest and require significant international support, others are middle income and must allocate appropriate resources from national budgets to meet their needs. The international humanitarian and development community should not be long-term primary deliverers in situations where the State can step up and bear the cost of its own responses. This helps to ensure that international support is targeted where it is needed and strengthens the capacity of the State to respond to ongoing and future displacement situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- To prevent and improve responses to internal displacement, it is imperative to have comprehensive and reliable information upon which to base both humanitarian and development interventions. This includes baseline data from which to make informed decisions, measure progress, create data tracking and monitoring mechanisms, and comprehensive trends analysis. Reliable data and evidence are a precondition for good policy and programming and are vital for strengthening coordination and collaboration between different actors. Many States lack accurate information about the number, profile and needs of internally displaced persons. Globally, the available figures on displacement do not reveal the full picture. As IDMC points out, current global estimates indicate only the scale of displacement caused by conflict and yearly estimates of disaster-induced displacement. Serious gaps exist in data on those displaced by disasters. Slow-onset disasters, development projects and generalized violence constitute significant data blind spots.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The lack of reliable and comprehensive data on internal displacement hampers the ability to respond effectively and put in place immediate and longer-term measures to reduce displacement. Detailed profiling of situations of internally displaced persons is needed to ensure that information goes beyond simple numbers and basic needs to include population data disaggregated by sex, age, location and diversity, particular protection or other concerns, coping mechanisms and capacities within internally displaced populations as well as knowledge about host communities they live with and affect. Gathering data on those outside camps has proven difficult and there is a need to find creative solutions to ensure that they do not fall through protection and support nets, including by exploring new technology.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Where States lack the capacity for data gathering and analysis they should collaborate with expert international partners. Among important data initiatives, the Special Rapporteur highlights JIPS, an inter-agency service helping Governments, humanitarian and development agencies to acquire, maintain and update reliable data and analysis on internal displacement situations, including disaggregated population data. The Service recognizes that informed solutions must be based on a more complete data picture of internally displaced persons. In Honduras, a Government-led profiling exercise supported by JIPS helped to build an evidence base and inform policy development on internal displacement providing a good example that could be replicated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- In some situations of generalized violence, persecution or human rights violations, for example, the internal displacement of individuals, families or targeted communities may be slower, small-scale, dispersed and less obvious than in some conflict situations. There are those who flee their homes but do not identify themselves as internally displaced persons owing to a lack of understanding about their rights or out of fear or a desire to remain anonymous. Equally, State authorities can fail to identify those persons as internally displaced owing to a lack of understanding or neglect of their pertinent obligations to assist and protect those displaced by generalized violence. The challenge exists to ensure that those who are unlawfully forced or coerced to leave their homes are identified as internally displaced persons and receive necessary assistance and protection.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has been struck by the vulnerability of indigenous peoples to internal displacement, including during his official visit to the Philippines, following which he highlighted the impact of displacement or threatened displacement on them. Indigenous peoples are severely affected by displacement given their ties to ancestral lands and may have more challenges in adopting coping mechanism for survival when displaced. The protection of the rights of indigenous peoples displaced or threatened by displacement must be strengthened in law and practice. Legal provisions on land rights and the rights of indigenous peoples should be fully implemented and specific provisions on the rights of indigenous peoples should be included in laws on internally displaced persons where appropriate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- In conflict- and disaster-related scenarios of displacement, discrimination and marginalization may continue to be a factor that adversely affects access by internally displaced persons to safety, protection and humanitarian assistance and durable solutions in some cases. The Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons emphasized the centrality of non-discrimination to the concept and achievement of durable solutions. States, national human rights commissions and all humanitarian actors and development actors, and civil society, must ensure that all those in need are treated equitably and in a non-discriminatory manner, including with regard to access to protection and assistance, livelihood opportunities and the realization of durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- The Summit commitment to establish an annual update to review progress in taking forward and implementing its commitments will be an essential means to monitor progress in the reduction of internal displacement through durable solutions, as well as helping to maintain momentum on key objectives and commitments. A commitment to action platforms will be established and made publicly accessible, allowing alignments and individual and joint commitments made at the Summit to be reflected and participants to be held accountable for the commitments they have made.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Of increasing use in the field is the International Organization for Migration displacement tracking matrix, a tool for tracking and monitoring displacement and identifying locations where internally displaced persons settle. In addition, the REACH initiative was created in 2010 by the non-governmental organizations IMPACT and ACTED and the Operational Satellite Applications Programme of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research to facilitate the development of information tools and products that enhance the humanitarian community's decision-making and planning capacity. REACH promotes better understanding of crisis-affected communities within settlements by collecting data in a systematic and comprehensive way, helping to provide the information required for designing, planning and evaluating aid- and evidence-based humanitarian action.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In some situations, internal displacement disproportionately affects certain communities that, due to their characteristics, geographical location, poverty, discrimination or other unique circumstances, make them particularly vulnerable to internal displacement. Such groups may include indigenous peoples and ethnic, religious or other minorities, who are frequently numerically few relative to majority communities, among the poorest, and who may experience different forms of marginalization and commonly lack representation in political or other State bodies. In some cases they may face long-standing discrimination and violence targeted against them. Such population groups are often overrepresented in internally displaced person populations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- These and other factors may make certain marginalized communities vulnerable to violent displacement in situations of conflict and intercommunity or interfaith tensions or result in their being poorly equipped to resist efforts to displace them from their lands due to development or business activities. Greater research and data is required globally to reveal the full impact of displacement on such communities, as well as regional trends, patterns and dynamics of displacement. In particular, this makes it necessary to disaggregate data not only by sex and age but also by diversity categories, such as ethnicity and religion, that should be determined by contextual realities. Such information, fully adhering to international standards of data protection and use, would help to predict and prevent displacement targeted against certain communities and contribute to much needed displacement risk assessment and early warning mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- As highlighted by the Special Rapporteur in his report to the General Assembly in 2011 (A/66/285), natural hazards, the majority of which are due to climate-related disasters, represent an increasingly important cause of internal displacement worldwide. In 2011, at least 61 countries were affected and a total of nearly 15 million persons were newly displaced owing to either a severe threat or the impact of disasters related to sudden onset natural hazards, the most severe effects of which were felt in Asia.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- From 1992, when the Secretary-General appointed his first Special Representative on internally displaced persons, to the subsequent appointment of his Representative, Walter Kälin (in 2004) and the appointment by the Human Rights Council in September 2010 of Chaloka Beyani as the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, the mandate has successfully built on its partnerships, working methods, thematic expertise and normative standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the above, the Special Rapporteur has identified a number of priority areas and themes for the initial part of his mandate. These include a regional focus on the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons, natural disasters and climate change, women and internal displacement, and internally displaced persons outside camp settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Faced with the dimensions of the issue of internally displaced persons and the lack of defined institutional or operational frameworks to address it, the international community called not only for the development of normative standards on internally displaced persons but also for a review of the capacity and coordination arrangements within the United Nations system for humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The following sections provide a reflection on some elements of these pressing challenges.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue and strengthen the existing cooperation established between the mandate and United Nations organizations. She will continue to participate in and actively contribute to the work of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) as a Principal, and will work to provide it with guidance and support on the subject of internally displaced persons. To that end, she participated in her first IASC Principals’ meeting in Geneva on 6 December 2016, which will be followed by the IASC Principals’ retreat scheduled for 28 April 2017. Moreover, she took part in an IASC Working Group meeting held in Rome on 5 and 6 April 2017, in which she provided an update on activities under a joint project between the Special Rapporteur and the Joint IDP Profiling Service and in collaboration with a broad group of development, humanitarian and peacebuilding actors to operationalize the IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons. The project is aimed at developing tools, methodologies and guidance, for shared and comprehensive yet practical approaches to durable solutions analysis in displacement situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- In view of her strategic and thematic priorities, the Special Rapporteur has also begun to significantly strengthen cooperation and institutional relationships with the United Nations Development Programme, the International Organization for Migration and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), among others. In addition to conducting bilateral meetings with these entities, she is investigating practical measures for them to institutionalize their cooperation with the mandate, including through the establishment of focal points in such organizations relating to specific areas of collaboration. Furthermore, the Special Rapporteur will expand her collaboration with national human rights institutions, with a view to identifying positive practices in their work relating to internally displaced persons (see section IV. D. below).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that internally displaced persons are frequently the least, the last and the lost in terms of national and international attention to their plight. It is a core priority of the mandate holder to promote visibility and effective protection for all internally displaced persons, including those who have become invisible or neglected, the most vulnerable, and those facing the greatest challenges resulting from their displacement. She will therefore take an impact-oriented and human rights-based approach to her work, focusing on building and strengthening constructive partnerships and collaborations with the objective of delivering effective assistance and protection on the ground. Her working methods will build on those established by her predecessors, while also emphasizing the identification of opportunities and entry points to engage directly and constructively with States and other stakeholders in emerging, ongoing and protracted internal displacement situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to seek and conduct country visits in all regions to gather first-hand information on the situation of internally displaced persons and to engage directly and constructively with national authorities and other stakeholders. She will give high priority to those States with the most critical, challenging and persistent displacement situations, while also seeking visits based on her thematic priorities. She has sent initial requests for visits and encourages States to respond positively. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the positive responses received to date from the Government of El Salvador and the Government of Guatemala for her to conduct visits in 2017 and 2019 respectively. In conformity with the practice of the mandate, she will also conduct working visits and follow-up visits, at the invitation of a variety of stakeholders, including United Nations agencies, to consider internal displacement issues and to engage with a range of actors, including national authorities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will seek to continue her engagement with countries where generalized violence is the cause of internal displacement. In particular, the Special Rapporteur seeks to continue the mandate’s support to Honduras, visited by the former Special Rapporteur in 2015 and 2016, to examine the situation of violence-related internal displacement, and to maintain her support for the Government in its work to protect internally displaced persons, including through the adoption of a law on internally displaced persons. Furthermore, she thanks the Government of El Salvador and the Government of Guatemala for their positive responses to her requests for official visits to those countries, and will conduct an official visit to El Salvador in the second half of 2017 and to Guatemala in 2019.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- States have the primary responsibility for promoting and protecting the human rights of internally displaced persons. In December 2016, the Special Rapporteur wrote to Member States and requested their responses to a questionnaire. Among its objectives, the questionnaire sought to identify positive practices in the field of legal, policy and institutional frameworks and activities of States to protect and support internally displaced persons; it also sought to obtain information on measures taken to ensure the active participation of internally displaced persons as partners and not simply beneficiaries, in decisions affecting them and assistance measures. The Special Rapporteur sincerely thanks those States that responded and will study the information provided to inform her future work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Guiding Principle 25, paragraph 2, stipulates that: International humanitarian organizations and other appropriate actors have the right to offer their services in support of the internally displaced. Such an offer shall not be regarded as an unfriendly act or interference in a State's internal affairs and shall be considered in good faith. Consent thereto shall not be arbitrarily withheld, particularly when authorities concerned are unable or unwilling to provide the required humanitarian assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Year after year, a large number of people are arbitrarily displaced in violation of international human rights and humanitarian law as restated in the Guiding Principles. One of the most effective ways to stop arbitrary displacement from occurring is for all relevant actors to scrupulously respect their obligations and to put an end to impunity, ensuring that those responsible for carrying out arbitrary displacement and other violations of the rights of the displaced are held accountable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The mandate has also played an essential role in mainstreaming the human rights of internally displaced persons within the United Nations system. Its participation in the Inter-Agency Standing Committee has been and continues to be a central platform for that mainstreaming role, as it continues to advocate for the integration of issues relating to internal displacement in Inter-Agency Standing Committee policies and operational strategies. Increased understanding and mainstreaming of those issues within the United Nations system has also been made possible through the mandate's partnerships and close engagement with United Nations agencies such as UNHCR, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and OHCHR, as well as the General Assembly and mechanisms of the Human Rights Council, such as other special procedure mandates and treaty bodies, for example, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the Human Rights Committee. Through its thematic reports and inputs to those bodies, the mandate has regularly highlighted the specific human rights dimensions of internal displacement and raised new or neglected aspects of the rights of internally displaced persons, such as their participation in peace processes, the impact on their human rights of larger phenomena such as climate change (A/66/285), the protection of persons in situations of natural disasters (A/HRC/16/43/Add.5), and the situation of internally displaced persons outside camps (A/HRC/19/54).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- While common images of IDPs often portray them as living compactly in large camps, spontaneous informal settlements or collective IDP centres, the reality is that most IDPs live outside these clearly defined settings, or "outside camps". The expression IDPs outside camps in this report refers to IDPs who may live instead in a variety of settings or situations; they may be in urban, rural, or remote areas, renting, owning a housing, sharing a room, living with a host family, homeless, occupying a building or land that they do not own, or living in makeshift shelters and slums. A number of factors often result in the neglect and virtual "invisibility" of IDPs outside camps, thereby affecting their access to protection, assistance and durable solutions to their displacement. While the importance of the issue has gained increased recognition over the last several years, more concerted attention is necessary, including by the international community, in order to achieve a more equitable humanitarian response and lasting solutions for IDPs outside camps, as well as better support structures to communities which may be hosting them. Such an approach also ensures compliance with international law relating to IDPs, including international humanitarian and human rights law, regional instruments such as the Kampala Convention, and with international standards such as the Guiding Principles, which provide guarantees of non-discrimination and make no distinction between IDPs in or outside camps or other settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Housing, land and property issues are among the most complex structural concerns that must be tackled in order to enable durable solutions. Dealing with the underlying structural sources of conflict, such as unequal access to land, insecurity of tenure for customary rights holders or in informal settlements and non-transparent decision-making regarding land use, can also be key to durable solutions. For example, restitution programmes intended to benefit internally displaced persons must be appropriately situated within broader efforts if they are to result in greater tenure security for displacement-affected communities. Poorly conceived responses to the housing, land and property concerns of internally displaced persons can have significant implications for gender equity, relations between displaced and non-displaced communities, susceptibility to land-grabbing and prospects for economic development. For example, in some instances, land belonging to internally displaced persons may have been purchased by others in good faith and/or investment and development activities may have been undertaken on the land in their absence. Identifying mutually beneficial ways to accommodate the rights and interests of internally displaced persons and investors or purchasers may be a critical step towards the sustainable resolution of displacement in many contexts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Durable solutions for internally displaced persons: advancing the agenda: addressing the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict 2013, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Alongside the negotiation of the post-2015 development agenda, the 2012-2015 piloting of the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States affords an important opportunity to integrate durable solutions into the pursuit of development goals in fragile States, in particular because several pilot countries have major situations regarding internally displaced persons, including Afghanistan (where the Secretary-General's Framework is being simultaneously piloted), the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan. The New Deal recognizes that constructive State-society relations and the empowerment of women, young people and marginalized groups as key actors for peace are at the heart of successful peacebuilding and state-building. Internally displaced persons should be acknowledged as an essential stakeholder group in the implementation of the New Deal, in particular because the peacebuilding and state-building goals at the core of the New Deal are directly relevant to durable solutions. They include legitimate politics (fostering inclusive political settlements and conflict resolution), security (establishing and strengthening people's security), justice (addressing injustices and increasing people's access to justice), economic foundations (generating employment and improving livelihoods) and revenues and services (managing revenue and building capacity for accountable and fair service delivery).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- In many displacement situations access to land, livestock and employment are essential elements of durable solutions and development that must be put in place to enable IDPs to reduce or eliminate their dependency on humanitarian aid. Furthermore, where large numbers of IDPs are sheltered within host communities they can be a heavy burden on the food security of such non-IDP communities, whose food resources must be spread further.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The phenomenon of displacement is currently, more than ever before, a global crisis. As at December 2013, an estimated 33.3 million persons were internally displaced by conflict and violence globally. In addition, in 2013 alone, some 22.4 million people were newly displaced within their own countries by disasters. Given new and ongoing crises, these figures are likely to have increased in 2014, with displacement at its highest level since the Second World War.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur emphasizes that, to offer durable solutions for internally displaced persons and the communities in which they live, cash interventions should be accompanied by income-generating or other livelihood activities, which also benefit the community, such as the development of small businesses and legal support in housing, land and property matters to facilitate length and security of tenure. In addition, those interventions should be accompanied by measures ensuring access to basic services for the benefit of the entire community. For example, in Bogota, the mayor's development plan for the city, which seeks to a create "a more humane Bogota", puts at its core the promotion of the human rights of victims of the armed conflict who fled to Bogota and the implementation of the Victims and Land Restitution Act adopted in 2011. Article 12 pertains to the implementation of the Act, article 21 relates to the housing programme for internally displaced persons and article 42 deals with how internally displaced persons will receive health services. Elected mayors of the various localities within Bogota have also initiated projects for the economic development of internally displaced persons living in those localities. In January 2014, the mayor of the Bosa locality developed a project to promote and assist entrepreneurial projects for vulnerable populations, specifically for internally displaced persons and persons with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- A comprehensive national instrument on internal displacement should mention relevant standards with regard to internal displacement, such as the Kampala Convention, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons (for relevant States); adopt a holistic approach to displacement, from prevention to the achievement of durable solutions; and respond to all forms of displacement, irrespective of the causes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to lead an inter-agency project on measuring progress towards durable solutions for internally displaced persons, which is implemented by the Joint IDP Profiling Service in collaboration with a broad group of development, humanitarian and peacebuilding actors. The project is aimed at operationalizing the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons by developing a library of indicators, tools, methodologies and guidance, for shared and comprehensive yet practical approaches to durable solutions analysis in displacement situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- The line between reasonable measures to protect humanitarian operations and unreasonable impediments to humanitarian action can sometimes be thin. Moreover, some States deliberately impose access restrictions in order to manipulate assistance flows and keep out inconvenient humanitarian presence. The Representative considers that security restrictions must have a rational basis and be subject to review. Moreover, national authorities and other actors imposing restrictions should engage in dialogue with humanitarian actors to determine which measures would be the least disruptive to humanitarian operations, while still providing an acceptable degree of security. The Representative also reiterates the continued importance of the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence, in order to gain the acceptance of all parties to a conflict, as well as their consent and assurances of safe passage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The provision of humanitarian assistance is not merely a discretionary act of humane compassion. Internally displaced persons and other people affected by conflict or natural disaster remain entitled to fully enjoy their human rights, including their right to life, food, water and sanitation, clothing, housing, health care and education, rights which, taken together, may be interpreted as the right to receive humanitarian assistance. Moreover, these rights must be discharged by national authorities in good faith, either directly or by facilitating the provision of humanitarian assistance by third parties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In situations of armed conflict, humanitarian access is often denied by authorities for other reasons as well. They may be unable to provide security to humanitarian organizations in territories that are not under their full control or may fear that humanitarian goods will be diverted by non-State armed groups for military purposes. Even where access exists, the independence of humanitarian actors may be jeopardized as a result of integrated strategies that combine military, political, development and humanitarian interventions in order to win the "hearts and minds" of the population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- A third and related trend is the increased violence against humanitarian workers and operations. One study found that the number of kidnappings of humanitarian personnel more than tripled between 2006 and 2009 alone. Few of the perpetrators are ever brought to justice. Moreover, while violence against humanitarians may, in part, be simply a consequence of the general insecurity in weak or failed States, where most conflicts and some of the largest disaster-related humanitarian crises occur, politically motivated attacks are also on the rise.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- These worrying developments must be seen against the backdrop of obligations to ensure the provision of humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons. The point of departure for any discussion on these obligations should be the recognition that human rights place a duty on States to take positive measures to fulfil these rights. Economic and social rights and, in particular, the right to an adequate standard of living, which includes adequate food, clothing, housing and the right to health and education, entail minimum core obligations that States must ensure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Two principal strategies to respond to the threats posed by climate change are mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation, in the context of climate change policy, refers to measures which aim to minimize the extent of global warming by reducing emission levels and stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Climate change adaptation measures are adjustments in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. Alternatively stated, they are measures that reduce harm and strengthen the capacity of societies and ecosystems to cope with and adapt to climate change risks and impacts. This report explores, in particular, possible adaptation measures specific to climate change-induced displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internal displacement in 2010: What are the major challenges? 2010, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- While providing the conditions and related means for durable solutions is primarily the responsibility of national and local authorities (see Guiding Principle 28), international development, political and human rights actors often need to become involved to provide support, including to bridge the transition period after the emergency. The Representative is therefore pleased to note that the Peacebuilding Commission, the World Bank and UNDP are increasingly recognizing the links between displacement, durable solutions and their own mandates.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, national authorities and, within the ambit of international humanitarian law, non-State parties to conflict, must grant and facilitate the free passage of humanitarian assistance and grant persons providing such assistance rapid and unimpeded access to the internally displaced. This is related to the obligation not to divert humanitarian assistance for political or military reasons (Guiding Principle 24, para. 2). The duty not to impede access is relevant to external assistance accepted by the State, local authorities and humanitarian assistance provided by the State itself (for example, where there are disagreements between State humanitarian and security agencies).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In the case of internal displacement caused by sudden-onset disasters, disaster risk reduction and measures to build resilience are key elements to preventing displacement or limiting its consequences It is also important to ensure that early recovery and reconstruction are undertaken at the earliest possible opportunity so that displacement does not last longer than required. However, this has represented a key and systemic challenge to date, which humanitarian and development actors, as well as States, must address in their displacement-related adaptation strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Guiding Principle 7(3) provides for a number of such procedural guarantees, in addition to the requirements in Guiding Principle 7(1) mentioned in paragraph 52 above. A specific decision by an appropriate State authority is required; full information must be provided to internally displaced persons on the reasons and procedures for the displacement, the place of relocation and compensation; and their free and informed consent must be sought. Moreover, authorities must endeavour to involve affected persons, including women, in the management and planning of the relocation and ensure that the right to an effective remedy, including the review of decisions, is respected.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Some climate change-induced displacement however, such as movements triggered by slow-onset disasters, may require more emphasis on the positive obligations of States, with the support of regional bodies and the international community, to anticipate, plan ahead and take measures to prevent or mitigate conditions likely to bring about displacement and threaten human rights. This precautionary role to ensure conditions conducive to human rights, including rights related to an adequate standard of living which allow one to avoid displacement, is a standard of governmental, international governance and human rights protection which is based on positive obligations and actions, rather than the negative obligation of non-interference in human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The importance of displacement, and in particular internal displacement, within the climate change debate is well established and now calls for specific strategies and measures to address it. Already in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported that the greatest single impact of climate change might be on human migration. The Panel estimated that by 2050, 150 million people could be displaced by climate change-related phenomena, such as desertification, increasing water scarcity, floods and storms. Since then, while estimates have varied, it has generally been accepted that the effects of climate change will indeed result in large-scale movements of people, mostly within the boundaries of affected States, and that developing States in the southern hemisphere are likely to be the worst affected.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In the same spirit, the mandate aims to continue to pursue and strengthen the solid cooperation already established between the mandate and United Nations organizations. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur will continue to participate and contribute positively to the work of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, to collaborate with United Nations Country Teams and to work closely with the Emergency Relief Coordinator, OCHA, OHCHR and UNHCR. Civil society organizations, international as well as national, and displacement affected communities will of course remain key counterparts for the mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- A central component of this mandate consists in following situations which have or can potentially trigger internal displacement and humanitarian crises. The Special Rapporteur is committed to engage with States and communities affected by such situations at every stage, including in the prevention of forced displacement, during the displacement phase itself, and in the search for durable solutions. In this context, and in line with resolution 14/6, he stands ready to cooperate with Governments, affected communities, relevant United Nations agencies and other relevant stakeholders, to address the human rights protection, assistance and development needs of internally displaced persons, including through country visits and continued engagement with regard to the implementation of the recommendations resulting from such visits.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Human rights obligations engage State responsibility before disaster strikes as well in its aftermath. In the case of climate change and environmental destruction, due diligence obligations should prevail in order to prevent or mitigate the impact of natural disasters and the deterioration of environments necessary to human life and to the particular way of life of certain groups such as indigenous peoples, and persons with pastoralist or nomadic lifestyles. It is worth highlighting that these groups of persons as well as vulnerable groups, such as those suffering from chronic poverty in the developing world, are expected to be the most affected by climate change, natural disasters, and the ensuing displacement (see A/HRC/10/13/Add.1, paras. 22, 65, 66, 73).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the individual and collective responsibility of States to put in place adequate preventive and mitigation strategies, such as measures relating to climate change adaptation and disaster risk management, States also bear responsibility for securing the human rights of persons affected directly or indirectly by related events. Amongst other things, this includes addressing food crisis brought on or aggravated by loss of arable land, droughts, floods, and loss of biodiversity, but it also entails putting in place systems of social protection for persons who have become landless, homeless, deprived of livelihoods - and more often than not also internally displaced. Humankind has more recently had an important role to play in exacerbating the onset of both natural disasters and climate-related developments, and from a human rights perspective we must assume our responsibility to address the serious human rights impact on individuals and communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Following the Secretary-General's report on the system-wide review (E/CN.4/1992/23), a number of significant measures were taken to strengthen the coordination of humanitarian emergency assistance of the United Nations, including the designation of an emergency relief coordinator and the establishment of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, to be chaired by the Emergency Relief Coordinator (see General Assembly resolution 46/182, annex, paras. 34 and 38). The Inter-Agency Standing Committee includes all United Nations operational agencies, this mandate, intergovernmental organizations, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and IOM, and non-governmental organizations, either by standing invitation or on an ad hoc basis. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee therefore became the primary mechanism for inter-agency coordination and the development of policy for ensuring a coherent and timely response to humanitarian emergencies (see General Assembly resolution 48/57, para. 6).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Subsequently, and as part of the United Nations reform of 1997, the General Assembly explicitly tasked the Emergency Relief Coordinator to take on a central role in the inter-agency coordination of protection and assistance to internally displaced persons (see A/51/950, para. 186). In December 1999, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee adopted the policy paper on the protection of internally displaced persons submitted to it by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General, Francis Deng, thereby representing an acknowledgement by the heads of the various United Nations agencies that the protection of internally displaced persons was "of concern to all humanitarian/development agencies", and establishing the "collaborative approach" as the main vehicle for the inter-agency response to the needs of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In 2012, the mandate on the human rights of internally displaced persons, established pursuant to Commission on Human Rights resolution 1992/73, celebrates its twentieth anniversary. To mark this occasion, the present thematic section of the report provides an overview of the evolution of, and the achievements, challenges and trends relating to, internal displacement over the past two decades; a theme intended to provide an opportunity for reflection on key milestones, and for engaging in forward thinking as both new and long-standing displacement challenges continue to be addressed. Born from a recognized need to address the phenomenon of internal displacement, this mandate, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, which it developed, and the efforts to strengthen the humanitarian response system since the 1990s continue to be as relevant as ever.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Looking forward: addressing new challenges and consolidating gains 2011, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Of the 27 million IDPs in the world today, the vast majority live outside the types of settings, namely IDP camps and settlements, which we have come to associate with displacement situations. Indeed, the majority live in either urban or rural settings either by their own means in rented accommodation for example, or with host families. In some situations, IDPs merge with homeless or landless sections of the population in shantytowns and squatter areas. The capacity of the humanitarian community to address the specific needs of these displaced populations, as well as the particular impact and needs of host communities, however remains inadequate. A variety of reasons have converged to promote expertise and mechanisms that provide humanitarian assistance in camps and settlements, while ad hoc responses generally remain the norm with regard to IDPs outside of camps - sometime referred to as the 'invisible displaced' due to the difficulty in identifying and assisting them once they have become part of the general population.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Relatedly, there appears to be a growing interest in regulating the State's general obligations to victims of organized violence and armed conflict which have led to displacement, in terms of protection, justice and reparations processes. In some cases, obligations towards internally displaced persons have been integrated within general obligations towards victims, a development which can be positive to the extent that the specific needs of internally displaced persons are given adequate consideration in response strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In addition to the San Remo training programme, other training on internal displacement, including regional training in various parts of the world, in which the mandate participates regularly, have been aimed at enhancing expertise among various actors, including representatives of civil society, United Nations country offices and international organizations. The mandate's continued engagement with civil society groups and with the internally displaced themselves, both at the international level and during country visits, has not only enabled it to better monitor situations of internal displacement across the globe, but also to better understand its root causes and consequences, the specific vulnerabilities of internally displaced persons and the incredible resources that they can bring to their communities and countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Megatrends and overriding social or other factors, such as climate change, exert pressures which interact closely with and often exacerbate internal displacement. Those significant global megatrends include population growth, rapid urbanization, increased human mobility, and food, water and energy insecurity. Those megatrends, which themselves are likely to have a negative impact on human rights and potentially cause displacement, are, moreover, predicted to interact with the effects of sudden and slow onset climate change and affect the magnitude and patterns of internal displacement (A/66/285, para. 28). Against this background and related social and political pressures, climate change is predicted to act as an impact multiplier and accelerator of internal displacement, which will be characterized by multiple causalities, including conflicts and insecurity due to competition over resources or loss of livelihoods (ibid., para. 29).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Evolution, challenges and trends in internal displacement 2012, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- One global trend which is expected to interact increasingly with internal displacement is the rapid urbanization being experienced in most parts of the world. By 2030, the urban population is expected to exceed 5 billion and it is estimated that 80 per cent of that number will live in urban centres in the developing world. At present, over one third of all urban dwellers in the world live in precarious informal settlements and slums, and in many countries this figure can be above 50 per cent (A/66/285, para. 66; A/HRC/19/54). With rapid urbanization in developing countries in coming years, much of which is likely to be unplanned, those informal settlements are expected to grow exponentially, as are housing costs - another trend predicted to continue. Moreover, factors related to climate change, such as the difficulty in securing traditional livelihoods in parts of some countries, increased frequency of natural disasters, and conflicts, are further push factors for rural to urban migration - often through forced displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Procedural rights of affected persons have a critical place in the context of climate change-induced displacement. They help ensure respect for human rights and a more effective response to specific vulnerabilities, and promote the empowerment of affected persons as well as the full use of their capacities. Indeed, individual and community resilience will largely depend on the extent to which internally displaced persons are empowered to adapt to change and included in decisions affecting their lives. Procedural rights include, inter alia, access to information; consultation and effective participation in decision-making processes; and access to effective remedies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- From a technical perspective, IDPs outside camps represent a further challenge. The failure to identify and assess the needs of IDPs outside camps in municipal localities, may make it more difficult or impossible for local authorities to justify a request for additional resources or to tap into existing IDPs specific programme. In turn, this may act as a powerful disincentive to include them in these programmes or to ensure their access to services within the community - thus pointing to the need to support local authorities in the essential task of collecting disaggregated data on the number and specific needs of IDPs outside camps.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
A more systematized and equitable response to internally displaced persons outside camps 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Political considerations must often have to be borne in mind. In addition to working with central authorities towards the elaboration of policies, international actors may need to remain mindful of and develop strategies to work with local authorities and address their local sensitivities. This is particularly so, when the government is decentralized, when State authority does not reach or have effective influence over all parts of the country, or when the central authority cannot impose its policies too strongly on local affairs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Some progress has also been made in developing guidelines on prevention of and response to SGBV; setting standards for the inclusion of sexual violence concerns in peace agreements and ceasefires; implementing training programmes to prevent sexual exploitation by peacekeepers and humanitarians; rolling-out monitoring analysis and reporting arrangements in several countries pursuant to Security Council resolution 1960 (2010); developing early warning indicators on sexual violence; and establishing targets to increase the proportion of female police officers in peacekeeping operations to 20 per cent by 2014. However, these issues continue to represent stark challenges.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Modest - and not yet entrenched - advances have been achieved in integrating women into assistance distribution systems, and implementing fuel strategies to reduce displaced women's exposure to violence when they collect firewood. Limited gains in upholding housing, land and property rights of IDW have been achieved in some instances through measures such as the provision of legal aid to returnee women. Likewise, the participation of IDW in decision-making processes has increased in some countries, including through the development of strong associations of IDW, for example in Colombia and the Philippines. In 2011, UNHCR convened its second global dialogue with women and engaged IDW in this process for the first time. Despite persistent constraints, some progress has been made in collecting disaggregated data in conflict and post-conflict situations, including through the establishment of JIPS, which collects data disaggregated by age, sex and location, as well as other indicators such as the provision of protection of and assistance to IDW, their housing, land and property rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Despite these advances, the Special Rapporteur finds that a host of challenges remain, from implementing equitable documentation practices to systematically training Government officials, security actors and field staff in gender approaches, raising awareness of communities, especially host communities, about IDPs to avoid double stigmatization of displaced women (as IDPs and as women) and engaging women in early warning systems and disaster preparedness strategies. He finds that overcoming the "implementation gap" that curtails the practical impact of the frameworks developed to protect, assist and support the leadership role of IDW possibly represents the greatest obstacle. Beyond this, he below some of the key challenges faced by IDW, and which are notable for their strategic significance, or because they reflect important longstanding, neglected or emerging problems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Data disaggregated by sex, age, location and other key indicators are essential for effective advocacy and the development of programmes to respond to the specific needs of IDW at all stages of displacement, whether caused by conflicts, disasters or other factors. Data is equally essential to the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of such programmes. Despite calls in the Beijing Platform for Action and subsequent reports, recommendations and resolutions for the collection of detailed, disaggregated data, such information is not available in the vast majority of displacement-affected States, which often lack the necessary infrastructure and human and financial capacity to produce and update such data. Additionally, where such data are collected, lack of formal endorsement by Governments may represent a further hurdle to its dissemination and the implementation of corrective measures in programmes, particularly those affecting IDW. Improving the reporting and analysis of sex-disaggregated data has been a key area of focus of the IASC Sub-Working Group on Gender and Humanitarian Action. Moving forward, greater attention is needed for the collection not only of disaggregated quantitative, but also qualitative data that capture the particular experiences and concerns of IDW and other members of displacement-affected communities. For instance, data that is sex-disaggregated should further be age-disaggregated to take into account the specific needs of adolescent girls, young women and older women and therefore allow more equitable assistance to these different groups. Beyond collecting such data, national census offices should also systematically apply a gender lens to analysis and dissemination efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Despite myriad training, guidelines and manuals, displaced women and girls continue to be subject to egregious levels of sexual violence. In some situations, sexual violence or other forms of gender-based violence is used as a deliberate tactic to instil terror, and force displacement, or to discourage IDPs from demanding their rights. Beyond being a significant cause of displacement and a grievous human rights violation in its own right, SGBV or the perceived risk of it can also curtail women's access to a range of rights and services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- There is therefore a pressing need for a more preventative approach to these challenges. In this regard, the Protocol on the Prevention and Suppression of Sexual Violence against Women and Children (2006) of the Great Lakes region and the model law annexed thereto, the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) provide some important entry points and examples in terms of legal frameworks. Fuel strategies and livelihood initiatives targeting displaced women and girls, and those at risk of displacement, are further practical measures which can be central to reducing exposure to sexual violence. Reducing vulnerability to sexual violence also entails ensuring that survivors have access to appropriate support, including reproductive and psychosocial services and that adequate resources are devoted to gender-sensitive site planning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- While providing rental cash grants can contribute effectively to rebuilding capacity for internally displaced persons who have lost all their assets and provide them with some autonomy in their access to housing, some critics have stressed that the cash interventions would have been better had they been oriented to the market context, i.e. a commensurate increase in the housing stock to avoid "rehoused" internally displaced persons going to overcrowded areas, inhabiting unsafe and informal urban expansions or forming new camps. Criticism also included timing issues, given that the camps were closed before all the internally displaced persons concerned had been offered appropriate alternative housing. The uncertainty and lack of coordination could have been avoided with better preparedness and consultation with those concerned. On the positive side, the Special Rapporteur notes that the 16/6 project was not limited to cash interventions, but also included raising awareness of living standards, vocational training, livelihood programmes and enhanced access to basic services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also encourages initiatives aimed at including existing informal settlements in comprehensive urban planning schemes, thereby increasing security of tenure and adequate living conditions, including in terms of access to services. In the case of Somalia, national and local authorities, United Nations agencies and international non-governmental organizations worked together to devise a comprehensive urban development plan to address the precarious living conditions of internally displaced persons in Boosaaso. Of the inhabitants of Boosaaso, 1 in 4 is internally displaced, with most residing in cramped and unsanitary squatter camps on the peripheries of the city. The private owners of the land on which displaced persons were living forced them to pay high rents, offered no protection from fires that frequently destroyed large sections of the settlements and forbade the construction of any sanitary infrastructure such as wells or latrines.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, along with international non-governmental organizations, suggested a plan based on principles of sustainable urbanization, slum prevention and incremental upgrading. Aspects of the intervention included what is termed a "build back better approach" to emergency response from fires, which took fires as an opportunity to introduce firebreaks and mobile shelter kits made of metal poles and fire-retardant canvas to prevent the spread of future fires. The intervention also involved disaster-preparedness programmes. Furthermore, a simple training guide for upgrading temporary settlements, aimed at municipal officials and community leaders, was developed to allow for a swift transfer of the basic skills needed and to empower displaced people to initiate improvements themselves. This intervention halved the number of families affected by fires.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In addition, a campaign was launched regarding the rights of internally displaced persons to land tenure in Boosaaso. Consequently, landlords entered into an agreement with local authorities and representatives of various displaced groups, which opened the door to upgrading the settlement and included simple principles preventing ad hoc evictions. The campaign mobilized local authorities and traditional/religious leaders to define what would no longer be acceptable in the community. It focused on the positive contribution of internally displaced persons to the local economy and the impact on the host community of unhygienic conditions and heightened fire risks.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur encourages initiatives that reinforce local capacity for the achievement of durable solutions. In this regard, the community resource centre run by the International Organization for Migration in Haiti is an example of how camp coordination and camp management tools relating to durable solutions can be used in urban environments and outside camps. The centre's objective is to use a community platform to provide municipalities with a district-level structure to support the planning, coordination and provision of information on reconstruction, return and local development. The main aim is to support local structures and provide both a hub for coordination and a physical space to be handed over at a later stage. This is therefore an example of how developing the capacity of local structures can contribute to making the transition from the humanitarian phase and early recovery and promoting durable solutions to coordination and participation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In areas of informal settlements in which extreme poverty and lack of access to basic services prevail, host communities and their leaders have a crucial role to play. They were present before the natural disaster or conflict and will remain once all international actors leave. Durable solutions for internally displaced persons living side by side with other groups in those areas can therefore be reached effectively only with the participation of the community as a whole and community leaders in particular. Oversight by the local authorities in such processes is, however, key to avoiding the tensions and power struggles that often affect groups of internally displaced persons. The capacity of community representatives and local authorities should therefore be built around the common good, i.e. improving living conditions and access to services, reducing the risks for those particularly affected and promoting durable solutions. If their capacity is strengthened, local actors, communities, internally displaced persons and the urban poor in general become less vulnerable to power struggles between political leaders, gangs and large-scale development promoters and therefore increase their protection against urban violence, corruption and real estate speculation. This also presupposes engagement with a wide variety of stakeholders, such as the private sector, which can have a key impact on the reduction of poverty and development of the capacity for internally displaced persons to search for durable solutions, including through access to livelihood.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The impacts of crises on urban contexts lead to combining factors such as the deterioration of urban living conditions, spatial disorganization, the loss of social structure, administrative deregulation or institutional instability. Urban displacement regularly results in a significant increase in the urban population. This normally causes fear or actual situations of overstretched basic services, such as health centres or schools, especially where service provision was limited or insufficient before displacement or if conflicts or disasters have damaged the infrastructure. Similar fears or realities hold true where natural resources, such as water, are scarce or where urban unemployment rates are high. This underlines the importance of considering the situation of internally displaced persons and other displacement-affected communities in urban areas in finding durable solutions that allow both similar and distinct needs of internally displaced persons to be met.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Urban planning, or the lack thereof, has an impact on the rights of urban internally displaced persons. Their access to adequate housing requires comprehensive public policy interventions by the national authorities as a framework for the provision of housing and the engagement of development partners. Urban development should therefore go hand in hand with adequate planning and resources that would address the housing needs of internally displaced persons in the context of durable solutions. Urban development planning serves as a guide to investment in housing and infrastructure by both public and private actors so that investment is integrated and contributes strategically to urban growth. In most contexts affected by urban displacement, however, urban planning frameworks are outdated, non-existent or in the midst of a process of revision. The disconnect between the urban planning time frame and the onset of internal displacement adds another layer of complexity. Urban planning processes, when they exist, are often agreed upon for a long-term period, leaving little leeway, if any, with regard to how to accommodate flows of internally displaced persons. Such processes should therefore be informed by displacement dynamics and be made more flexible in order to better adapt to situations of urban internal displacement. In this regard, tools and strategies put in place by humanitarian and development agencies after a crisis, such as the provision of shelter, the relocation to urban settings or the provision of assistance to host families, could benefit long-term urban planning if they are better synchronized from the very onset of displacement. As indicated in the UNHCR-World Bank study on Afghanistan, urban planning should provide for the regularization or planned relocation of informal settlements, given the uncontrolled growth of slums whose inhabitants remain on the margins of society in impoverished conditions. Clarity of policy and action is a prerequisite to finding just and practicable solutions to the challenges of unplanned urbanization and its relationship with poverty and risk factors. An appropriate legislative and administrative framework regulating urban planning and housing should include dialogue and collaboration between all relevant stakeholders, beginning with all ministries potentially involved in the process, international organizations (both humanitarian and development actors), civil society and displacement-affected communities, internally displaced persons and their representatives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Since the 1990s, States, international agencies, CSOs and other relevant actors have paid greater attention to the rights and needs of women and girls in emergency and post-conflict situations, and promoting gender-sensitive approaches to humanitarian and development assistance and early recovery. This has been borne out in a wide range of resolutions, policies, guidelines and handbooks, as well as gender-mainstreaming efforts and numerous targeted programmes. This overall framework, predominantly focused on women, peace and security, turned greater attention to refugees, with initiatives in recent years increasingly including IDW.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Article 11 (4) of the Convention also requires States to take measures for the resolution of property disputes and the recovery of property, including by establishing simplified property dispute resolution mechanisms for internally displaced persons; and restoring the lands of communities with a special dependency and attachment to such lands upon the return of communities and their reintegration (art. 11 (5)). States are further obliged by article 12 (2) to establish an effective legal framework to provide displaced persons, in accordance with international standards, with just and fair compensation and other forms of reparations for damage incurred as a result of displacement, in accordance with international standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Pastoralism in Africa is characterized by a high reliance on livestock as a source of economic and social well-being, and various types of strategic mobility to secure access to water and grazing resources in areas with a high degree of rainfall variability. Pastoralism is found in all regions of Africa, where, in some regions, it is the dominant livelihood. In 2010, pastoral areas were known to occupy some 40 per cent of African land mass. Contrary to assumptions and despite their tradition as nomads, pastoralists do suffer from arbitrary displacement. Displacement of pastoralists is closely linked to the loss of livestock and of access to markets. All causes of internal displacement identified in the Convention can be causes of forcible internal displacement for pastoralists.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Like the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and the Protocol on the Protection and Assistance to Internally Displaced Persons, the Kampala Convention pays particular attention - in its article 4 (5) - to this widespread phenomenon, obliging States parties to endeavour to protect communities with special attachment to and dependency on land owing to their particular culture and spiritual values. Any projects with an impact on the right of pastoralists to use land have to be justified by compelling and overriding public interest. The threshold that public interest must reach is therefore higher owing to the ancestral and spiritual attachment that pastoralists have with the land.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Kampala Convention makes clear that States have the primary responsibility for fulfilling the human rights of internally displaced persons. When available resources are inadequate, however, article 5 (6) of the Convention requires States parties to cooperate in seeking the assistance of international organizations and humanitarian agencies, civil society organizations and other relevant actors. In this regard, States parties should take the steps necessary to ensure effective and unimpeded access by humanitarian organizations and other entities that are in a better position to provide internally displaced persons with protection and assistance. This also applies to efforts to support durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- A consultative national instrument development process encompasses several stages, including the initiation, preparation, organization, validation, adoption and implementation of the instrument. While each State party will have its own processes for developing national laws and policies on different issues, the consultative process described in the paragraphs below is recommended for the development of effective national instruments on internally displaced persons. Although Kenya is not a party to the Kampala Convention, its efforts to develop a national policy on internal displacement stands out as an example of a good practice and should be built upon to guide other countries in the African Union.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The Kampala Convention: a road map for action 2014, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- During the initiation process, relevant authorities commit to developing a national instrument on internal displacement, and then communicate the decision to relevant national, regional and international stakeholders, which have an important role to play in assisting in its development. In Kenya, the need for a comprehensive legislative response to internal displacement was identified in 2010, when the Parliament established the Parliamentary Select Committee on the Resettlement of Internally Displaced Persons in Kenya to examine Government action on displacement and the relevant laws governing the issue.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Strategies to strengthen the meaningful participation of IDW should also include constructive engagement of men in efforts to uphold IDW's rights. Yet, this also remains an inadequately addressed challenge. Engaging men in women's economic empowerment programmes has in some instances proven advantageous because it has increased men's support for the initiatives, but it also raises the risk of men assuming control of the process. Similarly, when IDPs are consulted on development and implementation of protection and assistance programmes, IDW may often defer to men as the community's representatives if separate consultations are not convened. Identification and exchange of good practices, effective awareness-raising programmes and creative approaches to engaging men and boys to work alongside and support IDW should be a fundamental pillar of protection and assistance efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Men
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- As the Special Rapporteur mentioned in his previous thematic report to the General Assembly, the barriers between development, peacebuilding and humanitarian actors are numerous and include various planning cycles, time frames, mandates, operational systems, terminology, vocabulary and approaches to working with Governments (A/68/225, para. 42). One way of bridging those gaps is to ensure that all actors involved in issues of urban displacement are aware of and trained on the rights based-approach to durable solutions of the Framework on Durable Solutions, in addition to how to better engage with local governments, local communities and internally displaced persons themselves to ensure that their rights and their perspectives are adequately integrated into programming and urban planning (see A/HRC/19/54, para. 25).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur notes that interesting projects and practices have been tested in various contexts in the search for durable solutions for internally displaced persons. Not enough time has passed and no cross-studies have been carried out to identify the most effective measures and the reasons for their success in any given context, however. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur strongly encourages that such comparative research be carried out. He is currently working with other partners on a project to measure progress in achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons based on the identified criteria of the Framework on Durable Solutions using commonly agreed measurement indicators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In some contexts, government and municipal authorities, sometimes with the support of international stakeholders, have developed urban planning initiatives that do seek to take the specificities and needs of internally displaced persons into consideration. In Afghanistan, for example, a newly adopted national policy on internal displacement provides for measures to ensure that internally displaced persons in informal settlements are permitted to upgrade their accommodation to meet the internationally agreed Sphere standards for emergency shelter, explore community-level initiatives to lend, rent or sell land in areas in which they have settled and identify other options that would grant them security of tenure, such as usufruct schemes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Achieving durable solutions for internally displaced persons in urban settings 2014, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- With regard to cash-grant mechanisms, which include grants for the reconstruction and repair of houses and rental subsidy schemes, they attempt to strengthen tenure security for internally displaced renters, while ensuring that those internally displaced persons move into properties that meet minimum safety standards. For example, in Haiti, two years after the earthquake, the Government addressed some displacement-related housing, land and property issues in the context of its "16/6" project. The project, first launched in August 2011, envisaged the reconstruction of 16 earthquake-affected neighbourhoods and the closure of six major related camps by providing grants to the internally displaced persons living in those camps to rent housing, to construct a new house or to repair their own houses that were damaged by the earthquake. With regard to the rental subsidy mechanism, it also attempted to raise awareness of renters' rights and required the signing of a formal lease.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- In some of the countries visited by the Special Rapporteur, authorities recognized that they had been caught unprepared by internal displacement and that it took them some time to put adequate institutional arrangements in place to respond to the needs. The first few days and weeks of a displacement crisis are critical and time could more profitably be used if countries already have effective structures in place. In the following paragraphs the Special Rapporteur analyses, on the basis of information gathered in different displacement situations, good practices in governance structures put in place to assist internally displaced persons in emergency situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- Displacement, whether as a result of conflict, violence or disaster, is often difficult or impossible to predict. Some countries or Governments have rarely or never experienced mass displacement of populations and so are taken by surprise by displacement events and lack the capacity to respond with appropriate procedures, policies and institutions. Those countries that have frequently experienced displacement as a result of disasters, for example, should be better placed to respond, having already understood the need for systems and procedures to be in place. Much can be learned from those countries in the management of displacement crises.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Good governance entails timely and coordinated responses by clearly identified, appropriately qualified and properly equipped and funded bodies. Good governance is a prerequisite for effective prevention of and responses to displacement. Where there is inadequate governance, or none at all, any responses are likely to be ad hoc and uncoordinated, the resources allocated are likely to be inadequate and little or no provision is made by national authorities, leaving internally displaced persons to fend for themselves or rely on non-governmental and international humanitarian responses. With good governance in place, responses are timely, coordinated across all relevant and required actors and effective in meeting the needs and protecting the rights of internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Good governance requires the gathering and coordination of expertise, both national and, where necessary, international, to respond rapidly to a displacement situation. The gathering, monitoring and sharing of information is critical for all actors to respond appropriately and to understand the dynamics and dimensions of displacement at the earliest stage. This includes information on who is displaced, how many people are involved, where they went and why and what their immediate needs are. Good governance requires technical awareness and for that awareness to be widely disseminated to responders. Not least, governance of displacement requires an understanding of the human rights of internally displaced persons, including the right to be consulted about decisions affecting them and to participate in solutions intended for them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- All responses to internal displacement must recognize the particular dynamics of displacement and the profile of those displaced. In situations of conflict or violence, ethnic or religious minorities may be particularly affected and, consequently, the principles of equality and non-discrimination must be respected at all stages of the response and by all actors. Certain groups may be particularly vulnerable both during displacement and in displacement locations, including women and girls, children, older persons, persons with disabilities and the chronically ill. Responses must be sensitive to their needs and measures put in place to address specific protection concerns, including the need to protect women and girls from sexual violence (A/HRC/23/44).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The State may be less able to predict displacement in conflict- or violence-induced situations. It must also be acknowledged that in some cases the State may be complicit in causing displacement, for instance by denying legal status to certain minority groups, leaving them stateless and extremely vulnerable, or by perpetrating or supporting violence against certain population groups. The State may not always be a reliable or consistent actor or partner in responding to displacement. It then falls on the international community to consider the responses afforded by principles of international law and the Charter of the United Nations. In situations of conflict or violence, good governance is essential to ensuring the safety of displaced persons at risk.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur has addressed extensively the need for States to adopt comprehensive national instruments to respond to internal displacement, notably through his country visits and previous reports to the Human Rights Council (see, e.g., A/HRC/26/33 and Corr.1 and A/HRC/29/34). He also stresses that a number of publications provide valuable guidance for developing national instruments on internal displacement, distilling years of lessons learned and good practices. These include a manual for law- and policymakers and a guide on the development of national instruments published by the Brooking Institution and a handbook on internal displacement for parliamentarians issued by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Establishing mediation mechanisms at the community level within diverse or conflict-affected communities can be useful in working towards the prevention of conflict- or violence-induced displacement. While visiting South Sudan in November 2013, the Special Rapporteur called on the authorities to explore different means to prevent intercommunal violence, including local peace committees, effective policing, grass-roots reconciliation initiatives, awareness-raising and re-establishment of pastoral governance systems and a system of game rangers to deal effectively with cattle raiding (A/HRC/26/33/Add.3).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Education also provides routine, normality, a protective function, support and information and can be an important step towards community integration in displacement locations. For IDPs, education may be a low priority in the face of survival needs. Children may contribute economically to displaced communities, which can be another barrier to their schooling. Internally displaced parents may exclude children from school in the belief that they will quickly return to their original homes, only for their displacement to become protracted. Parents may also hesitate to send their children to school in conflict zones which may be targeted for forced recruitment of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- The Inter-Agency Standing Committee Framework sets out eight benchmarks to help determine the extent to which a durable solution has been achieved. Working groups or task forces on durable solutions should use these criteria to monitor progress towards achieving durable solutions. The benchmarks are the following: safety and security; adequate standard of living; employment and livelihoods; restoration of housing, land and property; access to documentation; family reunification; participation in public affairs; and effective remedies, including access to justice.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur noted in his report on climate change and internal displacement, "early warning mechanisms can be instrumental in minimizing damage and loss of life, as well as displacement" (A/66/285, para. 49). However, taking the example of the famine in Somalia in 2011 that resulted in waves of displacement and for which an early warning was issued some months before, he noted systemic difficulties for some States and the international community in responding proactively to early warnings to prevent a disaster, even a slow-onset disaster, and minimize its adverse impacts on populations. He reiterates that technical mechanisms such as early warning systems must be combined with strong political will and responsive governance systems that implement preparedness, disaster risk reduction and other adaptation measures in a timely manner.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- In his 2013 report on internally displaced women, the Special Rapporteur noted that discussions of gender issues within host and return communities and how particular durable solutions could backstop protection for internally displaced women remained relatively nascent. Addressing them required more concerted attention, as well as cooperation between humanitarian and development actors. Amongst his recommendations, he urged States to facilitate the active participation of internally displaced women in the development and implementation of national and regional action plans on women, peace and security, and the integration of their diverse concerns into such plans.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- IDPs often lose their homes, land, possessions, livelihoods and their financial resources. They are among the poorest of the poor and may be made more vulnerable by hostility and insecurity, as well as by the trauma of displacement and the breakdown of community cohesion. They are likely to have weaker and less established coping mechanisms than other poor communities, and what resources they do have are likely to be targeted towards basic survival. Owing to their unique circumstances, while their coping mechanisms, employment and income-generating activities may improve over time, the poverty experienced by IDPs is likely to be more extreme and persistent than poverty experienced by others in society and requires dedicated programmes to address it. Consequently, the target to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030 will be impossible to meet without tackling the situation of IDPs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development (General Assembly resolution 41/128, annex) underscores that development is an inalienable human right. It establishes that: "States have the right and the duty to formulate appropriate national development policies that aim at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals, on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation in development and in the fair distribution of the benefits resulting therefrom." Nevertheless, IDPs have frequently been neglected in or excluded from development strategies and programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- Mechanisms to replace lost or other documents should be established at the earliest opportunity. The lack of documentation can be a major barrier to registration, free movement or the ability to access benefits and other assistance. Mechanisms should be accessible and affordable to all internally displaced persons, regardless of their displacement situation. The establishment of local or mobile documentation services may be required. During his follow-up visit to Côte d'Ivoire, the Special Rapporteur called for the rapid implementation of the law on the registration of births and deaths, which provides for free-of-charge registration. This law is crucial as many children, most of them internally displaced persons, were not registered in the period following the last national elections. In addition, some 80,000-120,000 civil records were destroyed during the crisis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- That having been said, it is not sufficient to simply include IDPs in a list of vulnerable groups. In a joint note sent to the United Nations Secretary-General in October 2014, the Special Rapporteur, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UNHCR and the International Organization for Migration (IOM) expressed concern that, despite strong support from many Member States, a dedicated displacement target was omitted from the final report of the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals (A/68/97). A dedicated target on reducing the number of IDPs and refugees by providing durable solutions, contained under proposed sustainable development goal 16 on achieving peaceful and inclusive societies would be a valuable step towards that end.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- In his report to the General Assembly (A/68/225), in which he addressed the role of humanitarian and development actors in achieving durable solutions for IDPs through peacebuilding in the aftermath of conflict, the Special Rapporteur identified initiatives aimed at bridging the gap between relief and development. For instance, the Solutions Alliance was launched in April 2014 when humanitarian actors, development organizations, States, donors and civil society gathered in Copenhagen to discuss solutions to protracted displacement and its management. On that occasion, it was emphasized that the displacement of refugees and IDPs presents significant development opportunities and challenges, in addition to the humanitarian needs and the humanitarian 'imperative'".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur informed the Summit that internally displaced persons are among the most vulnerable in crisis-affected States and are often at greater risk of harm within their own countries. They often lack adequate shelter or resources, have inadequate assistance, support and protection and may be traumatized by conflict or disaster. Millions reside outside camps in cities or informal settlements, where many are hard to reach or neglected; in short, they are among the world's most vulnerable people. While much global political and media attention is currently focused on refugee and migrant flows across borders, greater attention and support must be given to protection of persons displaced within their countries of origin. They should not be left behind, in keeping with the theme of the Summit.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The positive achievements of the Millennium Development Goals demonstrate that significant progress by States is possible, in collaboration with international development partners. Lessons can be learned, for example, from what has been achieved in poverty reduction and providing access to education in the least developed countries. However, lessons must also be learned about where and why the Goals failed to benefit the poorest and most vulnerable groups. It is essential to intensify efforts to reach those individuals, communities and population groups, including IDPs, who have been bypassed, neglected or failed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Despite the explicit commitments made in the United Nations Millennium Declaration to protect the vulnerable and "to help all refugees and displaced persons to return voluntarily to their homes, in safety and dignity and to be smoothly reintegrated into their societies", millions of IDPs globally are amongst those who were left behind as others were brought out of poverty. All durable solutions, not just return, but also local integration or settlement elsewhere within the country, must be considered as options available to IDPs. They all require the involvement of development processes, strategies, and actors for their achievement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Over the Millennium Development Goal period, millions of people in numerous countries have been plunged into extreme poverty and vulnerability as a direct result of internal displacement. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals Report 2014 acknowledges that "every day in 2013, 32,000 people had to abandon their homes to seek protection due to conflict". The number of newly displaced persons has tripled since 2010, representing a significant setback to achievements under the Goals and demonstrating a disturbing trend towards increasing displacement that must be recognized in the post-2015 development agenda.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- A deeper understanding of the causes of conflict and displacement is required. The Special Rapporteur has highlighted that where a history of violence or conflict exists, perhaps along ethnic or religious lines or due to general or gang violence that has led to population displacements, Governments can take concrete national measures to prevent violent clashes and displacement in the future. Such measures may include specific protection and policing initiatives to safeguard vulnerable communities, anti-discrimination and social integration policies, dialogue and reconciliation initiatives aimed at reducing the possibility of violence breaking out, as well as economic or social policies to remove the triggers of violence that may exist in such issues as poverty, discrimination or inequality.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Human rights of internally displaced persons in the context of the Post-2015 development agenda 2015, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Seeking and obtaining employment or livelihood activities are commonly more difficult for displaced persons in unfamiliar localities who may face additional barriers, including discrimination, loss of documents, and the psychosocial impact and pressures of displacement. Where they find refuge in areas of existing unemployment or economic hardship they are likely to be the last to gain work if it does become available. Women and mothers are likely to face unique challenges and restrictions to their income-generating activities, including childcare issues and the threat of violence if they leave the camps.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Establishing early warning mechanisms for conflict and resulting displacement based on research and indicators can be helpful in predicting and preventing displacement. Indicators may include a history of ethnic, religious or other conflict or violence; significant social inequality between groups; the exclusion (in law or in fact) of some groups from political office, positions of power or employment in state institutions; evidence of discrimination and violent attacks against those belonging to certain groups; and identification of conflict and displacement triggers such as elections, among many others.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Composed of representatives of different ministries, such a mechanism could coordinate the national responsibility for internally displaced persons over each line agency or ministry and be responsible for maintaining common roles and differentiated responsibilities across government bodies and other stakeholders. Such a mechanism helps to ensure holistic responses that recognize, for example, the important relationship between housing, employment and livelihood and service provision, as well as education, health, reproductive health care for women and the need to ensure protection at every phase of internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur urges respect for the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement globally, and the Kampala Convention in Africa. Internally displaced persons retain their human rights and guarantees stipulated in the Guiding Principles even in emergencies or armed conflict, and such rights provide the foundation upon which assistance, protection and durable solutions can be implemented. He was among participants recognizing the wider value of human rights norms prior to as well as during conflict and as a means of preventing violence and conflict. The equal weight given to international human rights law alongside international humanitarian law in the Summit constitutes an important recognition that human rights must be protected and rights-based approaches employed as essential elements of prevention and protection in all phases of humanitarian and development responses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In the 2005 World Summit Outcome, Heads of State recognized the Guiding Principles as an important international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons. They constitute a vital articulation of minimum standards for States, from prevention of displacement to protection during displacement, and provide guidance on applicable legal principles for protection and assistance, return, resettlement or reintegration. Regional frameworks, including the Kampala Convention, national policies and legal frameworks are also essential to ensuring that international standards are translated into regional and State law. Responses to internal displacement are hampered by the lack of domestic legal and policy frameworks related to internally displaced persons.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is concerned that knowledge of standards relating to the rights of internally displaced persons, including the Guiding Principles and the Framework on Durable Solutions, and their implementation is poor. A new era of capacity-building and operationalizing existing norms is required to increase awareness among national authorities responsible for upholding them and the wider populations who they exist to protect. Respecting and ensuring respect for such norms by non-state armed groups and terrorists is now more important than ever before.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Good governance is an essential element of national efforts to prevent and reduce internal displacement. The Guiding Principles underline the obligations of States to take preventive measures to avoid displacement. However, States often lack adequate governance structures to prevent, prepare for and mitigate against the consequences of internal displacement before the onset of a displacement crisis. All States, particularly those at risk of, or experiencing, internal displacement should establish effective and accountable governance structures to respond to all phases of internal displacement. The need to improve disaster risk governance, for example, has been recognized, including in the context of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, as disasters can affect any State.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- In his report for the World Humanitarian Summit (A/70/709), the Secretary-General stated that such "instruments and policies should be developed and applied in other regions and countries", making a strong call for further normative development. The Special Rapporteur urges other regional and subregional intergovernmental bodies to commit to processes leading to the adoption of new regional standards on the human rights and protection of internally displaced persons, with monitoring and advisory bodies in place as key regional tools to tackle internal displacement.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Humanitarian and development donors or partners should adjust or supplement their funding cycles to ensure integrated approaches to protection, resilience, self-reliance, sustainable livelihoods and durable solutions. This means that development actors should become engaged more equally and effectively and from an early stage in displacement situations and advocate more clearly for the funds and access to do so. Indeed, it is through partnerships and engagement with the local and national systems that development and humanitarian partners may achieve longer-term development measures conducive to durable solutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- While in some crisis situations the threat to life is so grave that seeking asylum outside the country is the only safe option, much more must be done to protect and support internally displaced persons and give them viable options to achieve safety in their own countries where that is their desire. In protracted displacement situations, national and international attention to affected persons frequently wanes over time and personal resources may dwindle along with national and international assistance funding. Even in situations of relative physical safety, they may be trapped in a protracted limbo existence of basic shelter and aid dependency and will inevitably seek alternative options and consider crossing international borders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The improved integration of humanitarian and development efforts at the onset of displacement is essential to building resilience and self-reliance, both of which are key elements leading to durable solutions within a rights-based and protection approach. New approaches to protracted displacement require that early recovery be integrated by both humanitarian and development actors. As stated in the Framework on Durable Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons, early recovery is a multidimensional process that begins in a humanitarian setting. It is guided by development principles that seek to build on humanitarian programmes and catalyse sustainable development opportunities. It aims to generate self-sustaining, nationally owned, resilient processes for post-crisis recovery. It encompasses the restoration of basic services, livelihoods, shelter, governance, security and the rule of law, and environmental and social dimensions, including the reintegration of displaced populations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- While there is general agreement on the need to engage and involve development actors in displacement responses at an earlier stage, this must be informed by data and analysis to best identify where, when and how development actors should intervene to best effect. Improving "development-relevant" data and analysis on displacement will help to justify or trigger a more "displacement-sensitive" development approach in affected countries. While it remains difficult to generate an analysis that serves the information needs of all actors and to reach agreement on evidence-based priorities for response through genuinely collaborative efforts, this has been achieved in several contexts including integrating displacement issues into national development plans. A recent profiling exercise in Mogadishu, supported by JIPS, is a good example of this.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- During his visit to the Syrian Arab Republic in May 2015, the Special Rapporteur witnessed initiatives to assist local integration and build resilience, early recovery and livelihoods for internally displaced persons and host communities. In total, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and local partners supported more than 100 livelihood-related projects that targeted the affected governorates as well as host communities, recognizing the heavy burden on them of hosting internally displaced persons. In 2014 and 2015, UNDP succeeded in reaching a total of 4.5 million affected persons who were directly or indirectly affected by the projects.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The projects included emergency employment, restoration and stabilization of disrupted livelihoods, emergency support to vulnerable groups, capacity development, advocacy and technical assistance. They included the restoration of small businesses, including food production and processing, small scale manufacturing, debris and waste removal, re-establishing markets and stimulating local economies by encouraging local production and procurement. Vocational training was provided through entrepreneurship promotion activities, with a special focus on vulnerable groups, including female-headed households, persons with disabilities and young people. The monitoring and documentation of such programmes is necessary to ensure that they improve self-reliance in a sustainable way.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- In the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq, visited by the Special Rapporteur in May 2015, the targeting of Christians, Yazidi and other smaller ethnic and religious communities by the so-called ISIL has been evident and well documented. They have experienced targeted violence and displacement on the basis of their belonging to certain ethnic or religious groups. In some cases, internal displacement may have been arbitrary, amounting to ethnic cleansing, crimes against humanity or atrocity crimes, and has included the cultural destruction of monuments and places of worship with the objective of permanently removing communities from those regions. Equally, in numerous other regions, discrimination against certain groups in society may reach such levels that it results in hate-based crimes and internal displacement that does not take place in a context of armed conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Vulnerability to displacement may be heightened by discriminatory State policies or practices. Non-documentation, the denial or deprivation of citizenship for some ethnic or religious groups, for example, renders them stateless. Their rights as citizens are not fully recognized and they may be targeted, or not adequately protected, by national authorities. As highlighted in the Norwegian Refugee Council scoping paper on statelessness and displacement, stateless persons are uniquely vulnerable including to internal displacement. Statelessness must be more clearly understood in the context of State policies of denial of legal status that impacts on particular marginalized communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is concerned that his engagement with internally displaced persons in numerous country situations reveals a general lack of meaningful consultation with them; they lack a voice and, when they speak or claim their rights, they are not heard. Such persons frequently stated that they are poorly consulted, rarely visited by officials or provided with adequate information about the options available to them or plans being formulated for their shelter, locations or time frames for their return or resettlement. Internally displaced persons frequently stated that they lacked opportunities to participate in decisions affecting them. Consultation and participation is a right of those persons and is essential to ensuring that solutions for them are appropriate, informed, acceptable to communities and sustainable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Significantly, reliable and comprehensive data on internally displaced persons is frequently lacking, hampering the ability of Governments and national and international partners to respond effectively and put in place immediate and longer-term support to meet their protection and assistance needs and durable solutions for them. Compiling and tracking data on internally displaced persons is challenging, particularly in complex situations in which displacement may be ongoing, or where they experience multiple displacement or are residing outside of camps. Improvements to these types of data and analysis must be made by Governments with the support of national and international partners.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Consultation, participation and information provision activities must engage widely with internally displaced persons, including women and female heads of households, young people, older persons and persons with disabilities. In-depth assessments, profiling and consultations help to reveal vulnerabilities, capacities and obstacles, essential to providing appropriate responses and durable solutions. Gathering data on those outside of camps has also proven extremely difficult, and there is a need to find creative solutions to ensure that they do not fall through protection and support nets. The Special Rapporteur's report on the issue to the Human Rights Council in 2012 notably focuses on addressing the causes of neglect of internally displaced persons outside camps through data collection.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Progress and challenges relating to the human rights of IDPs 2016, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Recognition of internally displaced persons as holders of civil and political rights and economic, social and cultural rights is crucial. A human rights-based approach to internal displacement and humanitarian and development assistance to such persons requires assessments of their human rights on the basis of information that goes beyond basic displacement statistics and recognizes the unique circumstances, challenges and requirements of each individual, including women, older persons, persons with disabilities, minorities and others. It also requires a deeper level of engagement and consultation with internally displaced persons, allowing a more detailed understanding of needs, concerns and intentions and demonstrating respect for the human agency of those persons, as partners in a process of achieving solutions, rather than passive beneficiaries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Older persons
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Outcomes and commitments on internal displacement of the World Humanitarian Summit 2016, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- A programme and time frame for implementation, evaluation and monitoring should be developed and targets and indicators established towards which progress can be assessed. Action plans should be complementary to and function in harmony with national commitments under other international processes, including mechanisms and action processes in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- In some circumstances, international humanitarian law stipulates further-reaching obligations to grant humanitarian access. Occupying powers must agree to relief schemes and do not have the right to block genuine humanitarian assistance if the occupied territory or a part thereof is inadequately supplied.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
The primary duty of the State to provide humanitarian assistance and the corresponding rights of internally displaced persons 2010, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- National authorities and, within the ambit of international humanitarian law, armed groups, have a duty to respect and protect humanitarian assistance and actors. This includes the obligation to take all necessary and reasonable measures against attacks and other acts of violence, including by diligently investigating and prosecuting perpetrators.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Internally displaced women: progress, challenges and the way ahead 2013, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- There is also a need to integrate gender considerations in relevant legislation so as to ensure that the rights of IDW are addressed in legislative processes at national (Parliament) and local levels (local government units). Finally the Special Rapporteur highlights that gender-sensitive planning is another element to consider especially in displacement-affected countries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur welcomes the support provided to her mandate by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). Equally, in the conduct of her activities and country visits, she will continue to collaborate closely and systematically with United Nations country teams, and to work closely with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The collaboration between the mandate and these key United Nations entities has proved highly effective, notably in the context of country visits undertaken, during which they have provided invaluable support, assistance, and information. The Special Rapporteur thanks them for their continuing support for her work and looks forward to continuing and strengthening this collaboration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In line with her strategic priorities, the Special Rapporteur will dedicate her next thematic reports to the following thematic issues: (a) strengthening the participation of internally displaced persons in responses to internal displacement; (b) ensuring the inclusion of internally displaced persons in transitional justice mechanisms and peace processes as part of durable solutions; (c) improving the protection of internally displaced children; (d) enhancing the role of national human rights institutions and other relevant human rights actors in the protection of internally displaced persons; and (e) addressing neglected drivers of displacement, including development projects and generalized violence. In conducting her thematic work she will consult widely, in order to identify particular issues where her mandate can make the most effective contributions while avoiding duplication of the work of other institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is concerned by evidence coming from internal displacement situations in all regions, including that gathered in the context of numerous country visits undertaken by the mandate holders, that minimum standards for consultation with and participation by internally displaced persons are not being achieved in practice. This undermines the enjoyment of human rights by internally displaced persons as well as progress towards the achievement of durable solutions for them. Internally displaced persons have the right to be involved in all decisions affecting them, at all phases of displacement, and, to the extent possible, to decide on the solutions most appropriate to them and to their location, housing and livelihood preferences. Solutions are only durable when they offer internally displaced persons the best possible available outcomes for them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph
Roadmap for the next three years: thematic priorities of the new mandate-holder 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur recognizes the important work already undertaken, including research and case studies conducted by the International Center for Transitional Justice and the Brookings-LSE Project on Internal Displacement, among other contributions. Equally, international standards, such as the principles on housing and property restitution for refugees and displaced persons and the related Handbook on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons, deliver valuable guidance relating to specific areas of concern. This provides strong foundations for further development, with the objective of operationalizing existing resources and providing technical assistance for their implementation. The Special Rapporteur will collaborate with United Nations bodies and other international organizations, NGOs and national human rights institutions to make progress in this regard.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Paragraph type
- Other
Paragraph