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Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 72h
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur puts forward the following recommendations for the promotion of equal opportunities in education on the basis of a human rights framework:] Strengthen collaboration with academic institutions and civil society organizations: Fostering inclusive education implies active engagement of civil society. The intellectual community and the civil society play a central role in promoting better understanding of inequalities in education. The advocacy work of these stakeholders is vital to ensuring widespread attention to issues for ensuring equality of opportunity in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 88c
- Paragraph text
- [Widespread concerns on quality in education call for strengthening national legal frameworks with a view to establishing and reinforcing standards for quality in education. To that end, the Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations:] Implement quality assessments with a promotional spirit: • Quality assessments should be driven by a promotional spirit, with emphasis on creating equitable educational and learning opportunities for all, rather than further marginalizing poorly endowed schools in remote areas. Based on the findings of national-level assessments of students’ performance, States should support those regions and schools which perform poorly and are falling behind, in an endeavor to promote more equitable education systems. Affirmative action and positive measures should be stepped up to enable all those who are victims of social exclusion and poverty to enjoy their right to quality education;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Education is a fundamental human right and a core obligation of States. The principal responsibility for the direct provision of education lies with Governments. However, there has been tremendous growth in private providers of education. Taking advantage of explosive demands on education and of insufficient public schools, privatization is making inroads in education at all levels. It often flourishes, with scant control by public authorities. This can have a crippling effect on the fundamental principle of equality of opportunity in education. Privatization often excludes marginalized groups, who are unable to pay, undermining the right of universal access to education. Some private providers inadequately respect the quality of education and undermine the status of teachers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of the capacity of the teaching profession for the holistic assessment of basic education, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Recognizing that teachers play a key role in the implementation of the national curricula and in conducting assessments of the educational attainments of students, Governments should ensure that teachers are provided with the additional training and support to better understand and implement a human rights-based curriculum in an accessible fashion for their students. Novel modalities of teacher training in tandem with reforms in education should be devised to foster quality education and learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- In regard to the promotion of studies on national assessments, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: States continue to champion the cause of quality education in the formulation of the post-2015 development agenda. Enhancing educational attainments for the benefit of both the individual and society should be a central concern in any future agenda, with a reinforced commitment by the international community in appreciation of the pivotal role of the right to education for human development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- Exploding demands for education have led to an exponential growth of private providers of education. A comprehensive and sound regulatory framework for controlling private educational institutions and ensuring their conformity with norms and standards is required. While preserving public interest in education, a system of effective sanctions in the case of abusive practices by private providers of education must exist.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 88h
- Paragraph text
- [Widespread concerns on quality in education call for strengthening national legal frameworks with a view to establishing and reinforcing standards for quality in education. To that end, the Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations:] Encourage further debate in international human rights bodies: • In view of the crucial role of quality education in nation-building, further debate on the right to quality education at the global level must be encouraged. The organization of a thematic discussion under the auspices of the Human Rights Council could go a long way in giving impetus to national action for achieving quality education;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 88i
- Paragraph text
- [Widespread concerns on quality in education call for strengthening national legal frameworks with a view to establishing and reinforcing standards for quality in education. To that end, the Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations:] Support research and reflection on quality in education: • Further research and reflections on the requirements for quality in education should be promoted by universities and education research centres. Civil society organizations should also contribute to this process by monitoring the situation of education and promoting initiatives that foster quality in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 82m
- Paragraph text
- [Bearing in mind the key importance of the justiciability of the right to education and its enforcement, and with a view to fostering protective as well as promotional role of adjudication mechanisms, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the following recommendations:] Knowledge regarding the means by which violations of the right to education can be adjudicated is often possessed least by those who need it most. Disadvantaged and marginalized groups in society lack resources to engage legal assistance, and are often unaware of quasi-legal mechanisms, such as the individual complaint procedure of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- States should recognize the importance of developing and strengthening the normative framework for lifelong learning, taking into consideration the right to learning as well as the right to education and training. They should also recognize the right to education and learning as a social right and a social responsibility. They should develop a normative framework that reflects the right to education, learning and training. In this respect, consideration should be given to available examples. Moreover, the right to education, learning and training should be developed in its nexus with other rights. Governments should review labour laws so as to make them conducive to operationalizing the right to learning as well as the right to training.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- States have the obligation under human rights law to establish conditions and standards for private education providers and to maintain a transparent and effective system to monitor those standards, with sanctions in case of non adherence. Such monitoring should also include the teaching profession, in accordance with the norms laid down by the UNESCO-ILO recommendation on the status of teachers, which applies to all teachers in private and in public schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 124
- Paragraph text
- Public authorities should not allow the pursuit of material values to the detriment of a humanist mission of education or the propagation by private schools of a value system solely conducive to the market economy, with learning systems devoid of cultural diversity. States must ensure that the education imparted in private schools is in conformity with the objectives of education laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in international human rights conventions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 119
- Paragraph text
- States should address issues of access, quality and equity in the use of digital technology in education and ensure that students' right to education is exercised in an equitable manner and that it is fully respected. There is a great risk that technology will widen inequalities in society if an equitable approach to its use is not adopted. State obligations for respecting, protecting and fulfilling the right to education should be a priority concern.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Poor quality of education constitutes a severe limitation on the fulfillment of the right to education. Quality in education is crucial to “nation-building” and individual empowerment. Thus, considerations on the quality of education should be central to reflections on the steps to be taken in the post-EFA phase, with a focus on innovative and equitable education systems. In this process, a holistic conceptual framework for quality, already outlined, must be embraced.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- In contrast to the Millennium Development Goals, the post-2015 development agenda should create an overarching framework of education which is all-inclusive. A global, rights-based approach should address the entire continuum of education and learning, from early childhood to lifelong learning. It should emphasize State obligations and compliance with norms and standards for the right to education for all for both public and private schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- Developing appropriate process and outcome indicators with national targets and benchmarks must be an integral part of all implementation strategies. Measuring, reporting on and ensuring that any future development goals are nationally enforceable will be instrumental in achieving progress. National targets must be equitable and must address measures related to quality, access and learning achievements. International minimum learning standards should be included.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Lifelong learning and the right to education 2016, para. 108
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the importance of ICTs as support for lifelong learning processes, Governments must foster open education resources that will allow students to draw upon online educational materials. They should work towards developing minimum quality standards. Care should be taken to ensure that technology does not exacerbate inequities or entail abusive practices. Fraudulent practices in online learning and certification must be punishable by law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 125
- Paragraph text
- In the context of the universal periodic review mechanism of the Human Rights Council, critical attention should be given to digital technology and the right to education in the dialogue with States. Governments should be encouraged to take the measures necessary to safeguard the right to education, to maintain education as a public good and to take action whenever the right to education is compromised as a result of the application of digital technologies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 125
- Paragraph text
- Regulations should prescribe full financial and performance reporting requirements for all private schools. It should be obligatory for all private providers to report regularly to designated public authorities on their financial operations, in line with prescriptive regulations, covering matters such as school fees collected and salaries paid to teachers, and to declare, in a fully transparent manner, that they are not engaged in for-profit education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- States should adopt comprehensive legal frameworks in line with international norms and standards. Such frameworks should establish the roles and responsibility of various State and non-State actors involved in the provision of technical and vocational education and training, with consultation mechanisms for meaningful participation of all social partners and multiple stakeholders, including community and local bodies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- When States alone cannot fully meet public demand for education, community schools should be encouraged, as they can play a meaningful complementary role. Public authorities should, therefore, engage with communities for the realization for the right to education. Similarly, the foundations of public utilities established for philanthropic motives should be encouraged to contribute to education as a public good.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- States should ensure a high quality of technical and vocational education and training and adopt necessary quality norms and standards, along with a national qualifications framework and assessment systems for technical and vocational education and training, applicable uniformly throughout the country. They should also develop effective policies aimed at improving the quality of teaching and learning. Special consideration should be given to developing policies and frameworks for professionalizing technical and vocational education and training staff, and improving their status, working conditions and career perspectives, with particular attention to instructors in secondary level vocational schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 99
- Paragraph text
- International cooperation, well established by human rights law and often reiterated in international political commitments for technical and vocational education and training, is particularly important for support to countries with feeble capacities in such education and training. International bodies such as UNESCO, ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank should be encouraged to continue their work in providing policy advice and support services. Along with development partners, they should provide technical assistance to governments in their efforts to develop technical and vocational education and training systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 88a
- Paragraph text
- [Widespread concerns on quality in education call for strengthening national legal frameworks with a view to establishing and reinforcing standards for quality in education. To that end, the Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations:] [Develop and strengthen national legal and policy frameworks for quality education:] • States have the primary obligation to ensure the right to quality education. As such, they should accord high priority to the development and strengthening of education laws and policies aimed at ensuring quality education for all, paying foremost attention to the empowering role of the right to education;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 82i
- Paragraph text
- [Bearing in mind the key importance of the justiciability of the right to education and its enforcement, and with a view to fostering protective as well as promotional role of adjudication mechanisms, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the following recommendations:] Legal recourse to enforce the enjoyment of the right to education involves individual or group claims for remedial measure against government and education authorities. But it also involves claims for remedies against private providers of education, and schools managed by the private sector, as case law in several countries shows. Private providers of education are more resourceful in seeking defence of their position. In litigation against them, governments should intervene as appropriate to defend the right to education and social interest in education, so that education is preserved as a public good and not allowed to become a mere commercial venture.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to state that the realization of the right to basic education of quality for all, including skills development, deserves a central place in the post-2015 development agenda. From that perspective, national assessments of the educational attainments of students would need to evolve with a future-oriented perspective, in order to meet the key challenges of achieving such universal goals for education as may be agreed to in future development agendas. Education systems, including national assessments, will need to be kept abreast of such developments, bearing in mind the resolve of the international community in reaffirming its commitments to the right to education and to "full access to quality education at all levels" as an "essential condition for achieving sustainable development".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 111
- Paragraph text
- Education is a fundamental human right and a core obligation of States. It is not a privilege of the rich and well-to-do, it is an inalienable right of every person. Principal responsibility for the direct provision of education lies with the State. However, education as a public function of States is being eroded by market-driven approaches and the rapid growth of private providers, with scant control by public authorities. Privatization negatively affects the right to education both as an entitlement and as empowerment. It breeds exclusion and marginalization, with crippling effects on the fundamental principle of equality of opportunity in education. It also entails disinvestment in public education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- The State remains primarily responsible for fulfilling the right to education on account of its international legal obligations. Governments should not allow low-fee private schools and should restore education as their essential public service function. The provision of basic education free of cost is not only a core obligation of the State, it is also a moral imperative. The State must discharge its responsibility as guarantor and regulator of education as a fundamental human right of every child.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Public debate should be raised over critical issues in technical and vocational education and training and the right to education. Universities and education centres should support research for improving the system of technical and vocational education and training, and practical experiences in promoting it should be made widely known.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 87b
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of these conclusions, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States should]: Encourage the design and implementation of comprehensive, sustainable public policies aimed specifically at ensuring their people's enjoyment of the human right to comprehensive sexual education. These policies should focus on rights, gender and respect for diversity; provide for coordination among agencies and with civil society; and provide the resources necessary to their implementation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph