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Temporary special measures 2004, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The term "measures" encompasses a wide variety of legislative, executive, administrative and other regulatory instruments, policies and practices, such as outreach or support programmes; allocation and/or reallocation of resources; preferential treatment; targeted recruitment, hiring and promotion; numerical goals connected with time frames; and quota systems. The choice of a particular "measure" will depend on the context in which article 4, paragraph 1, is applied and on the specific goal it aims to achieve.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
Paragraph
General Conclusion On International Protection 1987, para. (l)
- Paragraph text
- Reaffirmed the importance of voluntary repatriation as the most desirable durable solution, particularly in the context of many of today's mass-influx situations, emphasized the need for States to respect the fundamental principles that must always guide action in this area and called upon the High Commissioner and States to continue their efforts in achieving this solution whenever appropriate;
- Body
- Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Document type
- ExCom Conclusion
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1987
Paragraph
Article 12: Freedom of movement 1999, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide the Committee in their reports with the relevant domestic legal rules and administrative and judicial practices relating to the rights protected by this article, taking into account the issues discussed in this General Comment. They must also include information on remedies available if these rights are restricted.
- Body
- Human Rights Committee
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1999
Paragraph
Witchcraft and the human rights of persons with albinism 2017, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- In 2008, the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking convened a workshop on human trafficking for the removal of organs and body parts, at which it was stressed that the Protocol does not take trafficking in human organs into full consideration: it addresses trafficking in organs only for the purpose of organ removal. It does not cover the transfer of organs (for profit) alone, a situation that is analogous to the trafficking of body parts of persons with albinism.
- Body
- Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Minimum Age Convention 1973, para. 2. (1)
- Paragraph text
- Each Member which ratifies this Convention shall specify, in a declaration appended to its ratification, a minimum age for admission to employment or work within its territory and on means of transport registered in its territory; subject to Articles 4 to 8 of this Convention, no one under that age shall be admitted to employment or work in any occupation.
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1973
Paragraph
Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention 2014, para. 1. (3)
- Paragraph text
- 3. The definition of forced or compulsory labour contained in the Convention is reaffirmed, and therefore the measures referred to in this Protocol shall include specific action against trafficking in persons for the purposes of forced or compulsory labour.
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention 2014, para. 2 (a)
- Paragraph text
- [The measures to be taken for the prevention of forced or compulsory labour shall include:] (a) educating and informing people, especially those considered to be particularly vulnerable, in order to prevent their becoming victims of forced or compulsory labour;
- Body
- International Labour Organization
- Document type
- International treaty
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Mapping and framing security of tenure 2013, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- Another issue is the lack of coherence and harmonization among the multiplicity of laws and regulations bearing upon urban security of tenure, leading to legal uncertainty, lack of implementation of key provisions, even unwanted impacts such as evictions. Rights of adverse possession provided for by law might also be limited or denied by subsequent regulations, or in implementation. In addition, even when planning laws provide for the regularization of informal settlements, questions of sustainability relating to the increase of land prices and full availability of services remain.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The mechanization of agriculture, rural-urban migration and the development of labour-intensive export industries, coupled with the erosion of workers' rights outside the traditional bonded labour context, have led to the emergence of patterns of "neo-bondage", whereby destitute people commit themselves to working off loans or wage advances obtained from their employer and cannot default on this debt, not least due to a fear of extrajudicial enforcement. In this context, researchers note an increasing feminization of bonded labour and some of the victims end up in bonded domestic servitude.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Priorities of the new mandate holder 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Another area of focus for the Special Rapporteur is the role of business, in particular transnational corporations, in promoting and using forced labour in global supply chains. Recent estimates suggest that the total profits obtained from the use of forced labour in the private economy worldwide amount to US$ 150 billion per year. Victims of forced labour exploitation, including in domestic work, agriculture and other economic activities, such as construction, manufacturing, mining or utilities, generate an estimated US$ 51 billion in profits per year.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- ILO followed this up in October 2008 with the publication of its handbook for employers on Combating Forced Labour, which sought to "encourage a broad partnership approach to the fight against forced labour and trafficking through the active engagement of business actors in global action" (p. 7).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Climate change and internal displacement 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- In order to address these intersecting challenges and develop adaptation strategies to deal with complex climate change-related displacement, a broader and more holistic understanding is required which goes beyond the direct line of causality usually applied in situations of sudden-onset natural disasters.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Some of the regional consultative processes are driven by external actors, with funding coming from States of the global North, often channelled through IOM. IOM participates in most of the major regional consultative processes as a partner or observer and provides secretariat services for many of the major processes. The International Centre for Migration Policy Development also provides secretariat services for some of the processes. United Nations entities, including UNODC, UNHCR and ILO, are observers in some of the processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 96k
- Paragraph text
- [Indicators for such a target should include:] Adoption and implementation of regional free movement agreements and/or labour mobility schemes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Countries of origin can add to their nationals' difficulties as missions may show reluctance to support their pursuing judicial remedies, so as not to impact their competitiveness on the international labour recruitment market.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
Paragraph
Regional study: management of the European Union external border and the impact on the human rights of migrants 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to thank everyone who took the time to meet with him and for sharing information about their perspectives and experiences. In particular, the Special Rapporteur expresses his appreciation for the support and cooperation extended by the European Union, and the member States he visited, in assisting with his study. He would also like to sincerely thank the OHCHR Regional Office for Europe for their indispensable support and assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The Uruguay round of negotiations (1986-1994) ambitiously sought to expand the competence of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade into new areas, such as trade in services, capital, intellectual property, textiles and agriculture, but focused almost exclusively on persons linked to a commercial presence (intra-corporate transferees) and high-skilled labour. Limited mention of labour in the multilateral system occurs in the General Agreement on Trade in Services, mode IV, specifically article I:2 (d), which covers the mobility of "natural persons who are service suppliers of a Member, and natural persons of a Member who are employed by a service supplier of a Member, in respect of the supply of a service". According to the annex on movement of natural persons supplying services under the Agreement, mode IV does not concern itself with individuals seeking access to the employment market in the destination country, nor does it affect processes regarding citizenship, residence or employment on a permanent basis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- While other regions have already implemented, to varying degrees, free movement zones, the European Union's free movement for citizens of European Union member States can serve as an illustrative example for other regional organizations in terms of exploring how to enhance free movement within their region.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 43 (Goal 8.)
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur proposes the following goals:] Goal 8. Increase the collection and analysis of disaggregated data on migration and mobility
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Despite a global boom in labour mobility agreements during the 1990s, geographic biases prevailed, reinforcing power imbalances between sending and receiving States, rather than remedying them. States members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) registered a fivefold increase in the number of bilateral labour mobility agreements and Latin American countries doubled their numbers; countries in Asia and Africa, on the other hand, failed to register the same figures.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In order to respond to the complexity of human mobility, as explained above, States are required to develop a long-term strategic vision of what their mobility policies will look like in a generation from now, with precise timelines and accountability benchmarks. Such a long-term vision is similar to the strategic planning of States for policies on energy, environment, trade, food security, public transit, infrastructure and industries, in order to determine the investments needed to achieve the objectives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur envisions an agenda that, building on target 10.7, outlines how human mobility can be facilitated effectively and underlines the importance of taking a long-term strategic approach to developing more accessible, regular, safe and affordable mobility policies and practices that will place States in a better position to respond to the significant demographic, economic, social, political and cultural challenges that lie ahead.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 38b
- Paragraph text
- [Such facilitated mobility would have obvious advantages, including the fact that it would:] Enable all security checks by intelligence agencies to be made in a timely manner and mostly in the destination country;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
Climate change and migration 2012, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- First, low-lying coastal areas and megadeltas are major sources of environmentally induced migration. This is particularly true in countries such as Bangladesh and Viet Nam, and regions such as the Egyptian Nile Delta and the Niger Delta in Nigeria. Those regions are vulnerable to slow-onset environmental phenomena related to sea level rise and change in precipitation patterns and are also increasingly affected by natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, storm surges, soil erosion and soil salinization.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Bilateral agreements may be useful additions to regional or global approaches, particularly for neighbouring countries where there is a high level of mobility. The Special Rapporteur notes the challenges in ensuring transparency and the human rights dimension of bilateral agreements and in monitoring their human rights impact, as they are forms of private agreement between States and subject to the aforementioned power asymmetries between negotiating States.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- There are several regional organizations in the world with some form of free movement for citizens of the organization's member States. It could be envisaged that at some point some of those initiatives could connect, thus expanding the free mobility area covered. However, there is an imperative need for a central human rights framework in all these processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
Global migration governance 2013, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Economic communities all over the world have some form of agreement or intention on the free movement of people within their region. This includes the Economic Community of West African States, the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR). The European Union, with its 28 member States, has the most elaborate system of all the regional economic communities and thus provides one of the most developed examples of regional migration governance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Mobility and diversity are already and will increasingly be the hallmark of contemporary societies, especially in dynamic urban areas which welcome most of the world’s migration. Often at opposite ends of the social spectrum, the arts community and the business community know that diversity and mobility contribute to the dissemination of creativity, innovation, ideas and know-how and to wealth production.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- A recent shift towards incorporating mobility in framework agreements, memorandums of understanding and declarations of mutual cooperation has resulted in States treating labour mobility agreements as informal and non-binding. In Asia, almost 70 per cent of labour mobility arrangements employ the informal framework provided by memorandums of understanding, compared with 3040 per cent in Africa, Europe and the Americas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- IOM already works very closely with the United Nations, including as a member of the Global Migration Group, and in many countries IOM is part of United Nations country teams. Integrating IOM into the United Nations would thus allow the United Nations to benefit from its vast experience and expertise.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
Paragraph