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Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The reasons behind the failure to women's access to adequate food can arguably be linked to two structural disconnects which exist at the crossroads between Women's Rights and the Right to Food. The first disconnect refers to the failure in international law to fully endow women with their right to food. In the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR) and the ICESCR, the right to food is accorded to himself and his family. Although the ICESCR General Comment 12 and other documents have underscored the non-discriminatory intention of the right to food, the archaic language of patriarchy taints the UDHR and treaty language. Concurrently the economic and social rights of the ICESCR are generally reviewed in CEDAW, but not the right to food, which is indirectly touched upon only through a call for rural women. In CEDAW, as in the Convention of the Rights of Child (CRC), food access and adequacy for adult women and teenage girls are addressed only on behalf of pregnant and breastfeeding females .
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 106w
- Paragraph text
- [By Governments, in collaboration with non-governmental organizations and employers' and workers' organizations and with the support of international institutions:] Promote and ensure household and national food security, as appropriate, and implement programmes aimed at improving the nutritional status of all girls and women by implementing the commitments made in the Plan of Action on Nutrition of the International Conference on Nutrition, including a reduction world wide of severe and moderate malnutrition among children under the age of five by one half of 1990 levels by the year 2000, giving special attention to the gender gap in nutrition, and a reduction in iron deficiency anaemia in girls and women by one third of the 1990 levels by the year 2000;
- Body
- Fourth World Conference on Women
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 1995
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Courts may contribute to strengthening benefits into legal entitlements. Following the filing of the public interest litigation Petition (Civil) No. 196/2001, People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India and Others (PUCL), the Supreme Court of India derived from the right to life mentioned in article 21 of the Constitution a series of requirements articulating how various social programmes should be expanded and implemented in order to ensure that the population is guaranteed a basic nutritional floor. This is to this date the most spectacular case of a court protecting the right to food. The Court prohibited the withdrawal of the benefits provided under existing schemes, including feeding programmes for infants, pregnant and nursing mothers and adolescent girls; midday school meal programmes; pensions for the aged; and a cash-for-work programme for the able-bodied, thus converting such benefits into legal entitlements. Moreover, the Court expanded on and strengthened existing schemes, to ensure that they provide effective protection against hunger. For instance, it ordered that school meals be locally produced and be cooked and hot, whereas in the past children were fed with dry snacks or grain, and that preference be given, in the hiring of cooks, to Dalit women; it raised the level of old-age pensions; and, consistent with the idea that the schemes implement a constitutional right, it ordered their universalization, significantly expanding the number of beneficiaries. To supervise the implementation of its orders, the Court also established two independent Commissioners to monitor the implementation of programmes fulfilling the right to food throughout the country.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Women’s right and the right to food 2013, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Insofar as conditionalities can improve the educational attainments of girls, they should be welcomed. CCT benefits are usually given to women, as the "caregivers" of households - in Brazil, 94 per cent of the recipients of the Bolsa Familia transfers are women. This is expected to strengthen their negotiating role within the family, although such an outcome is far from automatic. The Right to Food Guidelines recommend that States "give priority to channelling food assistance via women as a means of enhancing their decision-making role and ensuring that the food is used to meet the household's food requirements." (guideline 13.4). Beyond these aspects however, too little attention has been paid to the gender impacts of CCTs, when such programmes are put in place. [...]
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- As farm labourers, vendors and unpaid care workers, women are responsible for food preparation and production in many countries and regions throughout the world and play a vital role in food security and nutrition. However, women and girls continue to be disproportionately affected by poverty and malnutrition. Women in rural areas are particularly affected, as female-headed households continue to grow, exceeding 30 per cent in some developing countries, with women owning only 2 per cent of agricultural land and with limited access to productive resources. In many low-income countries, women are the backbone of the rural economy and 79 per cent of economically active women in the least developed countries consider agriculture as their primary source of income. Agrarian land reform legislation often discriminates against women by entitling only men over a certain age to land ownership while women's entitlement only applies in cases where they are household heads. Such discriminatory practices prevent women in many countries from asserting their economic independence and being able to feed themselves and their families.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Patriarchal norms often control the distribution of household resources, including food and income. As such, women and girls are often the last to receive food within the family setting. Such blatant discrimination can have a devastating effect on women's nutrition, which in turn leads to a reduction in learning potential and productivity and increases reproductive and maternal health risks. As a consequence, children are also severely affected. It is increasingly recognized that malnourished women are more likely to give birth to underweight children, resulting in stunting and other nutritional disorders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- As farm labourers, vendors and unpaid care workers, women are responsible for food preparation and production in many countries and regions around the world and play a vital role in food security and nutrition. Nevertheless, women and girls continue to be disproportionately affected by climate change, poverty and malnutrition. Women in rural areas are particularly affected as the number of female-headed households continues to grow, exceeding 30 per cent in some developing countries, while women own only 2 per cent of agricultural land and have limited access to productive resources. According to FAO, women are responsible for 50 per cent of the world's food production, most of which is for family consumption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2015
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Closing the gender gap in agriculture requires development of gender sensitive policies. Ensuring land rights and reinforcing the rights of girls and women to education, social protection and increasing women's participation in decision making in a meaningful manner is critical for enhancing women's vital role in advancing agricultural development and food security. Increasing women's access to and control over assets has been shown to have positive effects on important human development outcomes including household food security, child nutrition, education, and women's own wellbeing and status within the home and community. Moreover, providing women with essential tools and resources does not require a major investment of resources but can have a huge impact on the formal economy. Respecting, protecting and fulfilling women's rights will inevitably fix broader problems in food systems in general and can help communities achieve improved development outcomes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Considering the vital importance of women to the global food systems, as well as, to family budgets, this report will first outline the persistent discrimination and structural barriers that women and girls face in several fields. Despite the recognition of the vital role of women in international human rights law and policies, the situation of women with regards to implementation of right to food remains critical. This report will deal with the cultural, legal, economic, and ecological barriers that hinder the equal implementation of the right to food. It further addresses the positive role that women can play in developing solution to the posed challenges such as eliminating hunger, maintaining food security and preserving natural resources. The report particularly focuses on the importance of gender-sensitive policies in the context of climate change, and the particular vulnerability of rural women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, girls and adolescent women induced by tradition or forced into child marriage and adolescent pregnancy, suffer the consequences of a high work burden and deprivation of their child rights, including their right to adequate nutrition and education. They are required to perform heavy amounts of domestic work, and are responsible for raising children while still children themselves. Adolescent pregnancy is a typical outcome of child marriage and complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second cause of death for 15-19 year-old girls globally.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- Girls and women suffer from discrimination in relation to their right to food at all stages in life. In many countries, females receive less food than their male partners, due to a lower social status. In extreme cases, a preference for male children may lead to female infanticide, including by deprivation of food. Some mothers stop breastfeeding girls prematurely in order to try and get pregnant with a male, which could increase risks of infection and other risks if impure water is used with formula. Similar discrimination applies to older women who tend to be less literate than older men, in many parts of the world; this limits women's employability, participation and voice in community development activities and makes them less likely to be able to provide for themselves.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Older persons
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- The human rights perspective should accommodate a gender analysis for food security, and allows focus on woman as an individual, rather than on the nation, the community, or the household. At the same time, gender analysis should include other social categories such as age, social status, race, ethnicity, and class. Adoption of the right to food approach together with gender base analysis would reveal discrimination and inequality of women in food production cycles and at household level in a more appropriate manner. A person's ability to acquire nutritious food is closely related to other aspects of the capabilities and rights. For women and girls, discriminatory laws, social norms, values and practices further affect access to food and food security. Moreover, unequal power relations between genders, penetrate both the private and the public sphere, and constrain the decision-making power of women and girls. The discrimination is reinforced when gender inequality is compounded with other forms of exclusion related to income, ethnicity or race.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 4.2
- Paragraph text
- Countries should develop an integrated approach to the special nutritional, general and reproductive health, education and social needs of girls and young women, as such additional investments in adolescent girls can often compensate for earlier inadequacies in their nutrition and health care.
- Body
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Document type
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 1994
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Human rights based approach to recovery from the global economic and financial crises, with a focus on those living in poverty 2011, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The advanced interconnectedness of the world's economies and markets means that the ramifications of the crises have been far more extensive than any previous comparable economic downturn. Throughout both developing and developed countries, 205 million people are unemployed the highest number of unemployed in history. As a result of the crises, at least 55,000 more children are likely to die each year from 2009 to 2015. The prevalence of children dropping out of school has increased, as boys have been propelled into the workforce and girls given an increased burden of household tasks. By 2009, at least 100 million more people were hungry and undernourished because of the crises, a situation that continues to deteriorate owing to escalating food prices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- There is also a need for the new global development goals to address structural transformation in relation to the existing global systems of power, decision-making and resource-sharing as a means of achieving women's rights and gender equality in relation to food security. That includes enacting policies that recognize and redistribute the unequal and unfair burdens of women and girls in sustaining societal well-being and economies, which are intensified in times of economic and ecological crises.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas 2017, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security and the Principles for Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems, endorsed by the Committee on World Food Security, which embrace gender equality as one of the main guiding principles of implementation in order to help to address the ongoing disparities with regard to access to and control of land and other natural resources,
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The girl child 2017, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States to integrate food and nutritional support with the goal that children, especially girl children, have access at all times to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food requirements for an active and healthy life;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas 2017, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Invites Governments to promote the economic empowerment of rural women, including through entrepreneurship training, and to adopt gender-responsive and climate-sensitive rural development strategies and agricultural production, including budget frameworks and relevant assessment measures, as well as to ensure that the needs and priorities of rural women and girls are systematically addressed and that they can effectively contribute to poverty alleviation, hunger eradication and food security and nutrition;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas 2017, para. 2p
- Paragraph text
- [Urges Member States, in collaboration with the organizations of the United Nations system and civil society, as appropriate, to continue their efforts to implement the outcome of and to ensure an integrated and coordinated follow-up to the relevant United Nations conferences and summits, including their reviews, and to attach greater importance to the improvement of the situation of rural women and girls in their national, regional and global development strategies by, inter alia:] Valuing and supporting the critical role and contribution of rural women, including indigenous women in rural areas, in the conservation and sustainable use of traditional crops and biodiversity for present and future generations as an essential contribution to food security and nutrition;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas 2017, para. 2ff
- Paragraph text
- [Urges Member States, in collaboration with the organizations of the United Nations system and civil society, as appropriate, to continue their efforts to implement the outcome of and to ensure an integrated and coordinated follow-up to the relevant United Nations conferences and summits, including their reviews, and to attach greater importance to the improvement of the situation of rural women and girls in their national, regional and global development strategies by, inter alia:] Taking appropriate measures to adopt or develop legislation and policies that provide rural women with access to land and support women’s cooperatives and agricultural programmes, including for subsistence agriculture, in order to contribute to school feeding programmes as a pull factor to keep children, in particular girl children, in school, noting that school meals and take-home rations attract and retain children in schools and recognizing that school feeding is an incentive to enhance enrolment and reduce absenteeism, especially for girls;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Agriculture development, food security and nutrition 2017, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Reiterating the importance of gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, also reiterating the importance, inter alia, of empowering rural women, youth, small-scale farmers, family farmers and livestock farmers, fishers and fish workers as critical agents for enhancing agricultural and rural development and food security and for improving nutrition outcomes, and acknowledging their fundamental contribution to the environmental sustainability and the genetic preservation of agricultural systems and to sustaining productivity on often marginal lands,
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2017
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The girl child 1995, para. 4
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon Member States and organizations and bodies of the United Nations system, in particular, the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, to take into account the rights and the particular needs of the girl child, especially in education, health and nutrition, and to eliminate negative cultural attitudes and practices against the girl child;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 1995
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Supporting efforts to end obstetric fistula 2012, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Deeply concerned about discrimination against women and girls and the violation of their rights, which often result in less access for girls to education and nutrition, their reduced physical and mental health and the enjoyment by girls of fewer of the rights, opportunities and benefits of childhood and adolescence compared with boys, and in their often being subjected to various forms of cultural, social, sexual and economic exploitation and to violence and harmful practices,
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Improvement of the situation of women in rural areas 2013, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Invites Governments to promote the economic empowerment of rural women, including through entrepreneurship training, and to adopt gender-responsive rural development strategies, including budget framework and relevant assessment measures, as well as to ensure that the needs and priorities of rural women and girls are systematically addressed and that they can effectively contribute to poverty alleviation, hunger eradication and food and nutrition security;
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Intensification of efforts to end obstetric fistula 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Deeply concerned about discrimination against women and girls and the violation of their rights, which often result in less access for girls to education and nutrition, their reduced physical and mental health and the enjoyment by girls of fewer of the rights, opportunities and benefits of childhood and adolescence compared with boys, and in their often being subjected to various forms of cultural, social, sexual and economic exploitation and to violence and harmful practices,
- Body
- United Nations General Assembly
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2014
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The right to food 2010, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Encourages all States to take action to address gender inequality and discrimination against women, in particular where it contributes to the malnutrition of women and girls, including measures to ensure the full and equal realization of the right to food and ensuring that women have equal access to resources, including income, land and water and their ownership, as well as full and equal access to education, science and technology, to enable them to feed themselves and their families;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The right to food 2011, para. 6
- Paragraph text
- Encourages all States to take action to address gender inequality and discrimination against women, in particular where it contributes to the malnutrition of women and girls, including measures to ensure the full and equal realization of the right to food and ensuring that women have equal access to resources, including income, land and water and their ownership, as well as full and equal access to education, science and technology, to enable them to feed themselves and their families;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
The right to food 2012, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- Encourages all States to take action to address gender inequality and discrimination against women, in particular where it contributes to the malnutrition of women and girls, including measures to ensure the full and equal realization of the right to food and ensuring that women have equal access to resources, including income, land and water and their ownership, as well as full and equal access to education, science and technology, to enable them to feed themselves and their families;
- Body
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Eliminating maternal mortality and morbidity through the empowerment of women 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Urges Member States to engage actively with international organizations and other stakeholders, where needed, in support of national plans to improve nutrition in poor households, including during pregnancy and lactation, and urges Member States, in particular countries with a high burden of maternal and child undernutrition, to consider implementing the Scaling Up Nutrition framework and road map;
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- Resolution
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph
Women, the girl child and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 2001, para. 1e
- Paragraph text
- [Actions to be taken by Governments, the United Nations system and civil society, as appropriate]: Alleviate the social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS on women who in their roles as food suppliers and traditional caregivers are primarily affected by the negative consequences of the pandemic, such as a reduced labour force and a breakdown of social service systems;
- Body
- Commission on the Status of Women
- Document type
- CSW Agreed Conclusions / Declaration
- Topic(s)
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2001
- Date modified
- Feb 13, 2020
Paragraph