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The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- States have the duty to protect persons against risks and vulnerabilities in an equal and non-discriminatory manner. Human rights obligations go beyond eliminating discrimination in law, policy and practice, and require States to take special measures to protect the most vulnerable segments of society as a matter of priority, while taking measures to progressively ensure universal protection. In this regard, the human rights approach is fundamental in channelling policies related to the Millennium Development Goals towards those who are most vulnerable and suffer most from direct and indirect forms of discrimination. Such channelling is an element missing from the Millennium Development Goal agenda.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- Several International Labour Organization conventions and declarations also recognize the right to social security, including the Declaration concerning the aims and purposes of the International Labour Organization, to pursue "the extension of social security measures to provide a basic income to all in need of such protection and comprehensive medical care". The main standards are established by Convention No. 102 concerning Minimum Standards of Social Security and Convention No. 128 concerning Invalidity, Old-Age and Survivors' Benefits. Convention No. 102 establishes worldwide-agreed minimum standards for all nine branches of social security: medical care, sickness benefit, unemployment benefit, old-age benefit, employment injury benefit, family benefit, maternity benefit, invalidity benefit and survivors' benefit.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The explicit inclusion of human rights norms, such as the right to social security, in domestic legislation places social protection within a framework of legally binding and enforceable rights and obligations. For example, various State constitutions unambiguously provide for the right to social security. Under such a framework, beneficiaries of social protection become "rights-holders" who can make claims against the State. Similarly, States and development partners become "duty-bearers", responsible for allocating resources to social protection in a manner that reflects human rights principles.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, while social protection interventions such as cash transfers free up financial resources that families can use to improve their health, such gains risk becoming meaningless in the absence of measures to guarantee universal enjoyment of the right to health, such as ensuring the adequacy of health-care infrastructure. The positive interaction among social protection, human rights and the Millennium Development Goals is strongest when it forms part of a supporting network of social policies (for example, quality standards for teachers and health-care professionals, infrastructure development and public awareness campaigns related to health and education).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Social protection is not a policy panacea and must be regarded as one element in a broad development strategy aimed at overcoming poverty and ensuring the enjoyment of human rights, including equality between men and women. It should be developed in coordination with other policies addressing the various factors causing or perpetuating gender inequality. In most countries, women's vulnerability to poverty would not change with social protection alone. Measures such as ensuring for women access to land, productive resources and credit; fair inheritance rights; full legal capacity; access to justice; and the removal of mobility restrictions are critical to effective development strategies. Moreover, the protection of women and girls from acts of violence against them, and the prevention and punishment of such acts, are essential for improving their standard of living. In this regard, national legislation must be in line with international human rights standards, in particular the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Girls
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- It is widely recognized that social protection interventions do not work in isolation; they must be developed within a broader policy framework, integrating various protective initiatives and ensuring access to essential social services and a favourable economic environment. The present report provides concrete recommendations regarding the core elements of a rights-based social protection system. The adoption of a human rights approach to social protection not only responds to international obligations and commitments, but also improves the effectiveness of such strategies and aligns them with the holistic perspective required to tackle the various dimensions of poverty.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The overarching goals of the Madrid Plan of Action on Ageing include ensuring the full enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, and civil and political rights by older persons and the elimination of all forms of violence and discrimination against older persons; achieving gender equality for older persons through inter alia eliminating gender discrimination; and providing quality health care, support and social protection for older persons. The Plan of Action combines a statement of political will with practical recommended actions for States. Given their specificity and level of detail, these are vital tools to guide a State in implementing its political and legal commitments.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights stipulates that "the aged and the disabled shall also have the right to special measures of protection in keeping with their physical or moral needs" (art. 18). The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) recognizes the particular vulnerability of older women and requests States to take a number of measures "commensurate with their physical, economic and social needs as well as their access to employment and professional training" and "ensure the right of elderly women to freedom from violence, including sexual abuse" (art. 22).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Universal pensions require the simplest structure with the lowest administrative costs and therefore are more likely to be successful in achieving their aims. Many developing countries provide universal pensions, such as Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Brunei Darussalam, Namibia, Nepal and Samoa. Universal pensions avoid creating disincentives for low-income workers to save for their old age and disincentives for older persons to continue working beyond retirement age. They can also reduce opportunities for corruption, as they are available to all who meet the age requirement and there is no stigma attached.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In order for legal and institutional frameworks to comply with core human rights principles, they should spell out eligibility requirements, provide for mechanisms to ensure transparency and access to information about programmes, define the various roles and responsibilities of all those involved in implementing the programme (e.g. Governments at the national and local levels, international organizations and civil society organizations), and establish accessible complaints mechanisms. Finally, they should set the ground for participation channels for beneficiaries.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Accessibility also requires that policymakers assess and take into account any possible discriminatory impact of the manner in which grants or transfers are disbursed. For example, owing to limited mobility (such as that of persons with disabilities and older persons), lack of familiarity with electronic methods of payment (such as through the use of debit cards and mobile phones) and the gender impact (such as when queues are guarded by armed personnel), modes of disbursement could have unintended discriminatory effects.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- There are many examples of social protection programmes that directly target improvements in the school enrolment of children of beneficiary households by imposing conditionalities (co-responsibilities) related to school attendance and performance rates. Moreover, programmes that lack an explicit focus on schooling can also have a positive impact on the education level of children. For example, research shows that social pensions (non-contributory pensions for older persons) in Brazil, South Africa and Namibia have been used by grandparents to pay their grandchildren's school fees.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Governments must challenge the myth that social pensions are a burden to the economy and the stereotyping of older persons as a burden to development. Indeed, social protection systems may act as economic stabilizers in critical periods and can have positive repercussions on local economies. For example, studies show that in rural areas, old-age pensions have an overall positive impact on the protection of poor rural communities affected by the adverse effects of agriculture reform and encourage local economic activity.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- In such contexts, the income security and empowerment that a social pension provides is vital. However, the importance of social pension for women must not absolve States of their duty to take other measures to ensure gender equality and protect women against gender-based violence. In most countries, women's vulnerability to poverty will not change with a social pension alone. Measures such as access to land and economic resources for women, fair inheritance rights and full legal capacity are essential to improve their standard of living.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The gender-specific effects of economic shocks are also apparent within households. When such shocks are confronted, gender bias within the household may lead to the allocation of fewer resources (such as food) to women or the selling of female-owned assets as an initial coping strategy. Moreover, during periods of crisis, women disproportionately suffer the impacts of public spending cuts on essential services and incur a heavier load of unpaid work than men.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Personas afectadas
- Men
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Social pensions are also important for addressing the particular vulnerabilities of women. Contributory systems tend to exacerbate gender inequalities: in many countries coverage rates for elderly men are twice those for their female counterparts. Even in countries with broader protection in contributory systems, older women are more likely to receive a lower pension due to a lower level of contributions (see sect. II C).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Under the Covenant, States are prohibited from deliberately taking any retrogressive measures, including in regard to the right to social security, unless they can prove that they have only been introduced after the most careful consideration of all other alternatives and are duly justified by reference to the totality of the rights stipulated in the Covenant. If necessary, developing countries should seek international cooperation and technical assistance to realize progressively the right to social security.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- While reducing income poverty is an essential first step towards the achievement of other development goals, extreme poverty cannot be defined simply in terms of income, and poverty reduction should not be measured solely on the basis of global targets. Even if Millennium Development Goal 1 is achieved by 2015, it is likely that many of those living in extreme poverty will not be reached. Furthermore, the Goal may increase the incentives for States to focus attention on those most easily reached, namely, individuals living just below the poverty line, rather than those who are most marginalized and in need of help. States should adopt development plans that include precise national benchmarks and targets, fulfilling human rights obligations so as to ensure that those in extreme poverty are reached. Such obligations include those imposed by the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which requires States parties to take progressive measures to realize fully all economic, social and cultural rights while also ensuring minimum essentials for all. Once again, this illustrates the importance of social protection measures, particularly social assistance measures, in prioritizing those in extreme poverty and in promoting universal protection as soon as resources allow.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- In order to fully contribute to realizing human rights, social pensions and any other relevant social policy should be designed and implemented in ways that ensure their compliance with core human rights principles and obligations. The following section examines the key human rights components for a social pension scheme that complies with human rights law.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The main advantage of targeted pensions is that their overall cost to the State, when compared with universal pensions, is low. In practice, however, the affordability of universal pensions is a political question. Evidence shows that, where there is political will, even low-income developing countries can afford these programmes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- Guaranteeing transparency and access to information requires careful consideration with respect to the core components of the non-contributory pensions system, such as: (a) targeting mechanisms; (b) eligibility criteria; (c) benefit levels; (d) existence of complaints and redress mechanisms. Individuals and organizations should have the right to seek, receive and impart information in a clear and transparent manner.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- Households with children headed by older persons and households consisting only of older persons, in particular single women, tend to be more vulnerable to poverty. The occurrence of poverty is particularly high in countries with large migratory trends and in countries hit by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Single older persons tend to be poorer in both developed and developing countries.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Older persons
- Women
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 109
- Paragraph text
- States must design social pension schemes progressively to ensure access to social security for all. At the very least, they must provide protection to all older persons who, when reaching the retirement age prescribed in national legislation, have not completed a qualifying period of contributions or are not otherwise entitled to an old-age insurance-based pension and have no other source of income.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 116
- Paragraph text
- States must enhance international cooperation efforts related to social security. They must devote particular attention to ensuring the sustainability and coordination of the different initiatives supported by international cooperation and their integration within a national system of social security.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Increasing transparency in the overall functioning of social pensions will also increase public support for investments in these policies. Any perception that pensions are not reaching their rightful beneficiaries or lack of trust in the sustainability of pension systems can be used to justify calls for limiting investment in non-contributory pensions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Older persons
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- In some cases, investment in infrastructure through public-works projects increases access to and the quality of educational facilities. Such projects can take the form of the building of schools or of roads or bridges improving access to them. Several studies demonstrate the contributions of such investments to higher school enrolment rates and to the total number of years of accumulated education in the communities concerned.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 26 million of the 40 million persons living with HIV/AIDS worldwide and is subsequently the region with the highest number of households with a generation gap. In Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, 60 per cent of AIDS orphans live with their grandparents.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Persons on the move
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Legal frameworks are of particular importance when States decide to implement small-scale initiatives and pilot projects. States have a duty to ensure that when pilot projects are discontinued, for example, the beneficiaries are protected from negative changes that could lead to income insecurity.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
Social protection and old age poverty 2010, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Establishing or extending social security systems is more than a policy option or a means for reducing poverty; it is first and foremost a duty of States stemming directly from human rights norms and standards, in particular the right to social security and the right to an adequate standard of living.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo
The importance of social protection measures in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2010, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The duty to implement social protection policies to expand the protection available to persons living in extreme poverty flows directly from a number of human rights, in particular the right to social security and the right to an adequate standard of living, which are enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, several international and regional human rights treaties, conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO), and national constitutions. Ensuring access to social protection is thus not a policy option, but a State obligation under international human rights law. Understood in this way, human rights can greatly contribute to the building of the political support necessary to establish and expand social protection systems.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
Párrafo