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Situation of human rights in Myanmar, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- 21. Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to fulfil its commitment to release unconditionally all remaining political prisoners and to provide for the full rehabilitation of former political prisoners, and to amend restrictive laws and to end remaining curbs on exercising the rights to the freedoms of religion or belief, expression, association and peaceful assembly, which are essential to ensure a safe and enabling environment, notably for civil society, journalists, human rights defenders, lawyers, environmental and land rights activists and civilians, and expresses concern at reports of the arrest of individuals in relation to the exercise of those rights;
- Organismo
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Civil & Political Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2018
Párrafo
Situation of human rights in Myanmar, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- 24. Calls upon the Government of Myanmar to accelerate its efforts to ensure thorough, independent and impartial investigations into the killings of constitutional legal expert and senior National League for Democracy adviser Ko Ni, in January 2017, land and environmental activist Naw Chit Pan Daing, in November 2016, and journalist Soe Moe Tun, in December 2016, the rape and murder of Kachin school teachers Maran Lu Ra and Tangbau Hkawn Nan Tsing in January 2015, as well as other cases, and that those responsible are held accountable;
- Organismo
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2018
Párrafo
Human rights and the environment, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing also the important role played by human rights defenders in the promotion and protection of human rights as they relate to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment, and deeply concerned that human rights defenders addressing environmental issues and corporate responsibility are among the human rights defenders most exposed and at risk,
- Organismo
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2018
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- According to Global Witness campaigner Ben Leather: The mandate holder has rightly identified environmental defenders as one of the groups that are most at risk. For us, whose work is to support these defenders, the mandate holder has addressed a number of critical issues in his innovative report that has proved useful in many ways. First and foremost, the report strongly and unequivocally stresses the importance of human rights defenders in fighting for our planet and our rights in the face of powerful private interests. Secondly, the report identifies the various actors who are seeking to hinder, threaten and attack defenders and highlights the changes that must take place, particularly in relation to private businesses and investment banks. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, this report is far more than a mere document. It contains a straightforward analysis of the risk factors and clearly indicates how the numerous attacks against defenders can be stopped. It is by drawing inspiration from the strength of conviction, innovation and tenacity of defenders that the mandate can best support and protect them.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In June 2016, the Special Rapporteur began to hold meetings with companies and business federations, including with extractive industries during his most recent trips, as announced at the outset of his mandate. He is pleased to note that many businesses are increasingly aware of the impact of their activities on human rights. Businesses, especially those working in the extractive and wood industries or with hydroelectric megaprojects, are often mentioned in cases of violence perpetrated against defenders. It therefore seems crucial to engage them in a frank and constructive dialogue with a view to helping them establish mechanisms to prevent the development of tragic situations in the field. Various options are being explored to improve defenders' participation in development projects and in the setting up of mechanisms for redress and remedies in case of violations. The Special Rapporteur plans to continue working on this topic; his next report on businesses will include practical recommendations to businesses and other stakeholders, such as States and national and international development institutions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- According to Marcos Orellana, Director of the Human Rights and Environment Program at the Center for International Environmental Law: The Center for International Environmental Law has prepared a report on the situation of environmental rights defenders in Latin America in collaboration with Article 19 and Vermont Law School. The contribution of the Special Rapporteur Michel Forst was very important in that it magnified the impact of this report, in particular through his support for the inclusion of specific provisions on defenders and the environment in the draft regional agreement on environmental democracy and access to information, public participation and access to justice in Latin America and the Caribbean.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- Since he first established contact with human rights defenders, the Special Rapporteur has received information on the situations of defenders working on all aspects of environmental rights. He has also been struck by the alarming reports, issued by many organizations, of the risks faced by persons committed to preserving natural resources and protecting the right to land. This led him to submit a report (A/71/281) to the General Assembly in 2016 on the situation of environmental rights defenders. His review of that situation enabled him to understand the complexity of systems that combine sophisticated enforcement techniques, unclear lines of accountability and national contexts in which corruption and impunity are rife. The Special Rapporteur intends to continue exploring certain aspects of this research by focusing his next report to the General Assembly on the roles and responsibilities of corporations in attacks on defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- He also had the opportunity to draft a number of joint communications with other mandate holders, including the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples and the Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Compendium of good practices in the elimination of discrimination against women 2017, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- A key area of concern to the Working Group is the profound level of backlash against women’s human rights gains, which is on the rise both within States and in international spheres. In a climate of rising populism, xenophobia and fundamentalisms, long-established women’s human rights norms are being undermined, heightening the fragility of good practices in this context. In addition, a concurrent attack on women’s organizations, women’s human rights defenders and civil society movements — including feminist, environmental and human rights movements — creates an atmosphere in which these key actors are criminalized, de-funded and even killed, making the question of good practices moot. The Working Group emphasizes the importance of maintaining the autonomy of local and national movements and other civil society actors — including national human rights institutions, public interest lawyers and scholars — as an essential means of protecting and sustaining good practices. Backlashes within intergovernmental forums, as well as at the national level, must be challenged head-on by the international community.
- Organismo
- Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Women
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Finally, the Committee draws the attention of States parties to the challenges facing human rights defenders. The Committee has regularly come across accounts of threats and attacks aimed at those seeking to protect their own or others’ Covenant rights, particularly in the context of extractive and development projects. In addition, trade union leaders, leaders of peasant movements, indigenous leaders and anti-corruption activists are often subject to the risk of harassment. States parties should take all measures necessary to protect human rights advocates and their work. They should refrain from resorting to criminal prosecution to hinder their work, or from otherwise obstructing their work.
- Organismo
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Work in progress, challenges and the way forward 2017, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- All of these initiatives will be inadequate if they are not appropriately disseminated through various communication channels. Increased media coverage will therefore be necessary. The Rapporteur has published opinion pieces in various international dailies, including on the consequences of counter-terrorism laws for defenders and on the spread of attacks on environmental defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- In their reports, previous Special Rapporteurs have stated that the key elements of guaranteeing a safe and enabling environment for human rights defenders, including environmental human rights defender, are adoption of a conducive legal and institutional framework; the fight against impunity and access to justice; establishment of a strong national human rights institution; effective protection policies and mechanisms; respect and support by non-State actors of the work of defenders; a robust community of defenders; and others (see, for example, A/HRC/25/55).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- States play a prominent role in monitoring and protecting environmental human rights defenders through their diplomatic missions abroad and human rights focal points trained to respond to the situation of defenders at risk. States should keep the situation of environmental human rights defenders on the agenda of bilateral and international discussions, including by raising specific cases of defenders at risk through high-level visits, political dialogue, démarches and "quiet diplomacy", using the universal periodic review process to make recommendations to States on the protection of defenders, supporting strong Human Rights Council resolutions on the protection of defenders and developing and implementing guidelines for the protection of defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- International financial institutions play a significant role in providing financial and technical support to State and non-State actors for economic and social development around the world. They are important actors in ensuring that environmental human rights defenders can voice concerns without fear of reprisals. At a minimum, international financial institutions have a duty to ensure that their activities do not contribute to, or exacerbate, human rights violations, including those committed by borrowers. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur joins the call made in March 2016 by over 150 civil society organizations for international financial institutions to ensure meaningful and effective participation and accountability within their investments and guarantee a systematic analysis of the enabling environment for fundamental freedoms at the country and project levels.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The international community and institutions must also act to end threats, intimidation and violence, used to curtail the interaction between environmental human rights defenders and the international and regional human rights mechanisms. The Human Rights Council, in its resolutions 22/6 and 24/24, reaffirmed the right of everyone to unhindered access to and communication with international bodies. The Guidelines against Intimidation or Reprisals (the "San José Guidelines") (HRI/MC/2015/6) endorsed by the chairs of the United Nations human rights treaty bodies aim to enhance the protection provided by treaty bodies to those who face reprisals for engaging with the international human rights regime. The Special Rapporteur encourages other relevant international and regional organizations to follow suit and put in place policies and measures to prevent and address reprisals against environmental human rights defenders.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Communications sent by the Special Rapporteur reflect the grim picture of the situation of environmental human rights defenders. In the period from December 2006 to July 2016, the mandate sent 2,730 communications on human rights defenders, 243 of which (9 per cent) concerned environmental defenders. There has been a slight increase in the number of cases involving environmental human rights defenders, from a total of 106 (7 per cent) out of 1,498 communications in the first five-year period (December 2006-May 2011) to 137 communications (11 per cent) in the second period (June 2011-July 2016).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Preventive approaches, including ensuring the meaningful participation of environmental human rights defenders in the decision-making at all stages, are crucial to overcoming these challenges. Laws, contracts and human rights impact assessments by States and corporations should be developed with the active participation of defenders and communities. They should also contain provisions and procedures on the procedural rights of these communities and defenders. Such provisions should be included in national action plans on business and human rights, environmental impact assessments and decision-making on business concessions and land tenure.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is extremely concerned about the lack of independent and prompt investigations into attacks perpetrated against environmental human rights defenders, which is often linked to a lack of resources, corruption and collusion between perpetrators. States have nearly always failed to ensure that perpetrators are brought to justice and sanctioned. This has been the case in countries such as Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras and the Philippines, and this situation can perpetuate the climate of impunity, sending the message that environmental human rights defenders cannot trust the justice system to seek remedy for violations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Upholding human rights for environmental human rights defenders is essential to the protection of the environment and environmental rights, and is grounded in international human rights standards. Environmental human rights defenders cannot properly defend environment-related rights without exercising their own rights to access to information, freedom of expression, peaceful assembly and association, guarantees of non-discrimination and participation in decision-making. States have the duty to protect those rights as well as the rights to defend human rights and to life, liberty and security. Despite the clarity of international human rights law in this regard, increased violence, including killing, against environmental human rights defenders around the world points to a situation of global crisis.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is seriously concerned about impunity for attacks against environmental human rights defenders, an issue he raised in his first report in June 2014 (A/HRC/28/63). He is acutely aware that little or no action is usually taken even when environmental human rights defenders lodge formal complaints about violations they have faced. It is vital for State authorities to investigate such incidents promptly and to bring perpetrators to justice. When these incidents relate to the activities of companies, it is crucial for the authorities to consider them carefully and to conduct their own investigations to determine to the culpability of their employees, contractors and business partners.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, it is important for different branches of Government beyond traditional units responsible for law enforcement to recognize the role of environmental human rights defenders in environmental protection. State entities responsible for other activities, including for the environment, resource development and indigenous peoples, must also be involved in the protection of the environment and environmental human rights defenders. States are encouraged to integrate a human rights-based approach into the work of environmental protection agencies and other relevant institutions. It is important that such institutions be given the resources and support required for effective environmental governance.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- In order to reverse the tide of the worsening situation of environmental human rights defenders, the Special Rapporteur wishes to put forward a set of recommendations to the attention of various stakeholders. He calls on all stakeholders to urgently and publicly adopt a zero-tolerance approach to the killings of and violent acts against environmental human rights defenders, and to immediately launch policies and mechanisms to empower and protect them. He further appeals to all actors to document more systematically information on the situation of environmental human rights defenders at risk, especially in countries of concern, with a view to advocating more actionable and effective measures for their protection.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- One of the systemic causes of conflicts around environmental rights is the imbalance of power between States, companies and environmental human rights defenders. The increasing conflicts over the environment stem from resource exploitation that fails to address legitimate concerns and demands of local communities. Those communities are extremely vulnerable to exploitation and abuse because they are already marginalized and excluded from decision-making. Power inequality permeates all decision-making processes, from the upstream phases such as the determination of the advisability of a project to the design of the project, and onward to its implementation. In many cases, power inequality is aimed at shrinking space for civic participation in order to muzzle opposition to development projects. It also relates to a poor understanding of communities' specificities and their exclusion. The affected rights holders often live in rural, isolated areas, with little access to government services and the judiciary.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Individuals and communities should have the right to decide on their own priorities for development and to exercise control over their own economic, social and cultural development. In particular, they should be involved in the design, implementation and evaluation of plans and programmes for development that may have a direct effect on them. Meaningful and early participation is not simply a right but also a key element in a strategy to prevent tensions between different actors and violence against environmental human rights defenders, through recognition of their legitimate role in decision-making.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- Businesses should provide clear guidance to employees, contractors and partners on the rights of environmental human rights defenders and communities to express their views, conduct peaceful protest and criticize practices without intimidation or retaliation. They should have clear procedures for receiving complaints of misconduct and to respond to them in a timely manner. Human rights due diligence should involve tracking responses and explaining how the impacts are addressed. Businesses need to set up transparent processes that provide remedies for negative human rights impacts.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The assassination of environmental human rights defenders is only part of the overall violence they face. The submissions received by the Special Rapporteur show that environmental human rights defenders confront numerous threats and violations, including violent attacks and threats to their families, enforced disappearances, illegal surveillance, travel bans, blackmail, sexual harassment, judicial harassment and use of force to dispel peaceful protests. Such violations are committed by State and non-State actors, and take place in the context of the overall stigmatization, demonization and delegitimization of environmental human rights defenders. In some countries, violations are intertwined with the overall climate of criminalization of their work, especially in the context of large-scale development projects (see A/68/262).
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Families
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- With regard to the types of violations, communications indicate that environmental human rights defenders faced a high risk of threat to their physical integrity (more than 151 killings were documented during the same period), while a further 57 individuals and 5 communities were physically attacked. They have also been intimidated (54 individuals, 17 organizations and 1 community) and harassed (more than 31 individuals, 8 families, 5 communities and 3 groups). More than 91 environmental human rights defenders have been imprisoned and arbitrarily detained, while more than 82 have been arrested for their rights work.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Families
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- States should address a key challenge that environmental human rights defenders face in exercising their right to participation: the lack of transparency and accountability by State and non-State actors in decision-making. The right of participation requires access to information and defenders often struggle to obtain information about negotiations and agreements between State authorities and companies that affect their land, livelihoods and local environment. Confidentiality clauses in agreements between corporations and State actors can also hinder access to information and should therefore be reviewed.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Environmental education is, laudably, becoming widespread, as expressed both in formal curricula in educational institutions and in public education campaigns. Such education initiatives should recognize the crucial role played by environmental human rights defenders in environmental protection. Building public support for defenders through education serves important preventive and protective functions. Human rights education must also be available for government officials, journalists and others working on environmental and development issues. The Special Rapporteur encourages initiatives such as the Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and supports the call by UNESCO for inclusive, empowering education about the environment, engaging civil society and local communities as active participants.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Education
- Environment
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Environmental human rights defenders 2016, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- International financial institutions such as the World Bank Group can play an active role in influencing actors in the public and private sectors to respect the rights of environmental human rights defenders, to act with transparency and accountability for their actions and to seek the meaningful participation and consultation of affected communities in their activities. The Special Rapporteur welcomes the reflection on the practice of the World Bank by its Inspection Panel and looks forward to upcoming publications on the lessons emerging in a number of domains of the Bank's activities, including environmental assessment and indigenous peoples and the requirements for consultation, participation and disclosure of information. He advocates the adoption of concrete policies and measures to prevent and address acts of reprisals against environmental human rights defenders for their cooperation with international financial institutions.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- Activists
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo