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A world fit for children 2002, para. 37.13
- Paragraph text
- [To achieve these goals and targets, taking into account the best interests of the child, consistent with national laws, religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds of the people, and in conformity with all human rights and fundamental freedoms, we will carry out the following strategies and actions:] Improve the nutrition of mothers and children, including adolescents, through household food security, access to basic social services and adequate caring practices.
- Organismo
- United Nations General Assembly
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Adolescents
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2002
Párrafo
Aplicación de los resultados de la Cumbre Mundial sobre Desarrollo Social y del vigésimo cuarto período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General (2019), para. 52
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- j) Reafirma el derecho a la alimentación y reconoce la importancia de promover prácticas agropecuarias y agrícolas sostenibles y, reconociendo también la importante contribución que la agricultura familiar y las pequeñas explotaciones agrícolas pueden suponer para el logro de la seguridad alimentaria y la r educción de la desigualdad en el acceso a la alimentación y la nutrición, exhorta a los Gobiernos a que aseguren el acceso de todas las personas, en particular los pobres y las personas en situaciones de vulnerabilidad, incluidos los infantes, a una alimentación sana, nutritiva y suficiente durante todo el año;
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
Párrafo
Aplicación de los resultados de la Cumbre Mundial sobre Desarrollo Social y del vigésimo cuarto período extraordinario de sesiones de la Asamblea General (2020), para. 051
- Paragraph text
- 17. Reafirma el derecho a la alimentación y reconoce la importancia de promover prácticas agropecuarias sostenibles y, reconociendo también la importante contribución que la agricultura familiar y las pequeñas explotaciones agrícolas pueden suponer para el logro de la seguridad alimentaria y la reducción de la desigualdad en el acceso a la alimentación y la nutrición, exhorta a los Gobiernos a que aseguren el acceso de todas las personas, en particular los pobres y las personas en situaciones de vulnerabilidad, incluidos los niños menores de 1 año, a una alimentación sana, nutritiva y suficiente durante todo el año;
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Poverty
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
Párrafo
Article 6: The right to life 1982, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Moreover, the Committee has noted that the right to life has been too often narrowly interpreted. The expression “inherent right to life” cannot properly be understood in a restrictive manner, and the protection of this right requires that States adopt positive measures. In this connection, the Committee considers that it would be desirable for States parties to take all possible measures to reduce infant mortality and to increase life expectancy, especially in adopting measures to eliminate malnutrition and epidemics.
- Organismo
- Human Rights Committee
- Tipo de documento
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
- Año
- 1982
Párrafo
Derechos del niño: el derecho del niño al disfrute del más alto nivel posible de salud (2013), para. 038
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 11. Exhorta a todos los Estados y, si procede, a las organizaciones internacionales pertinentes, a que luchen contra todas las formas de malnutrición, apoyen los planes y programas nacionales establecidos por los países para mejorar la nutrición de las familias pobres, en particular los destinados a combatir la desnutrición de las madres y los niños, y los encaminados a paliar los efectos irreversibles de la desnutrición crónica en la primera infancia, hasta los 2 años de edad, y reafirmen el derecho de toda persona a disponer de alimentos aptos para el consumo y nutritivos, de conformidad con su derecho a una alimentación adecuada y su derecho fundamental a no padecer hambre, a fin de poder desarrollar y mantener plenamente sus capacidades físicas y mentales;
- Temas
- Alimentación y Nutrición
- Salud
- Personas afectadas
- Infantes
- NNA
Párrafo
Derechos del niño: el derecho del niño al disfrute del más alto nivel posible de salud (2013), para. 040
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 13. Acoge con beneplácito el plan integral de aplicación sobre la nutrición materna, del lactante y del niño pequeño, aprobado el 26 de mayo de 2012 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud en la 65ª Asamblea Mundial de la Salud, con sus objetivos y plazos, e insta a los Estados y, cuando proceda, a las organizaciones y asociados internacionales y el sector privado a que establezcan mecanismos adecuados para evitar posibles conflictos de intereses y pongan en práctica el plan integral de aplicación;
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Pesticides can also pass through breast milk. This is particularly worrying, as breast milk is the only source of food for many babies and their metabolism is not well developed to fight against hazardous chemicals. Pesticides are also found in baby formula, or in the water with which it is mixed.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- One of the most catastrophic incidents involving pesticides occurred in 1984 in Bhopal, India, where approximately 45 tons of methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a Union Carbide plant as a result of negligence, immediately killing thousands of people and resulting in serious health issues and premature deaths for tens of thousands living in the vicinity. Epidemiological studies conducted soon after the accident showed significant increases in pregnancy loss, infant mortality, decreased fetal weight, chromosomal abnormalities, impaired associate learning and respiratory illnesses.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107e
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Enact safety measures to ensure adequate protections for pregnant women, children and other groups who are particularly susceptible to pesticide exposure;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2017
Párrafo
El derecho a la alimentación (2016), para. 37
- Paragraph text
- 10. Exhorta a todos los Estados y, si procede, a las organizaciones internacionales competentes, a que adopten medidas y presten apoyo a los programas dirigidos a combatir la desnutrición de las madres, en particular durante el embarazo, y de los niños y a paliar los efectos irreversibles de la desnutrición crónica en la primera infancia, en particular desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años de edad;
- Temas
- Alimentación y Nutrición
- Salud
- Personas afectadas
- Infantes
- NNA
Párrafo
El derecho a la alimentación (2017), para. 41
- Paragraph text
- 11. Exhorta a todos los Estados y, si procede, a las organizaciones internacionales competentes, a que adopten medidas y presten apoyo a lo s programas dirigidos a combatir la desnutrición de las madres, en particular durante el embarazo, y de los niños y a paliar los efectos irreversibles de la desnutrición crónica en la primera infancia, en particular desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años de edad;
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
Párrafo
El derecho a la alimentación (2018), para. 44
- Paragraph text
- 11. Exhorta a todos los Estados y, si procede, a las organizaciones internacionales competentes, a que adopten medidas y presten apoyo a los programas dirigidos a combatir la desnutrición de las madres, en particular durante el embarazo, y de los niños y a paliar los efectos irreversibles de la desnutrición crónica en la primera infancia, en particular desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años de edad;
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
Párrafo
El derecho a la alimentación (2019), para. 49
- Paragraph text
- 11. Exhorta a todos los Estados y, si procede, a las organizaciones internacionales competentes, a que adopten medidas y presten apoyo a los programas dirigidos a combatir la desnutrición de las madres, en particular durante el embarazo, y de los niños y niñas, y a paliar los efectos irreversibles de la desnutrición crónica en la primera infancia, en particular desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años de edad;
- Temas
- Alimentación y Nutrición
- Salud
- Personas afectadas
- Infantes
- NNA
Párrafo
El derecho a la alimentación (2020), para. 52
- Paragraph text
- 11. Exhorta a todos los Estados y, si procede, a las organizaciones internacionales competentes, a que adopten medidas y presten apoyo a los programas dirigidos a combatir la desnutrición de las madres, en particular durante el embarazo y la lactancia, y de los niños y niñas, y a paliar los efectos irreversibles de la desnutrición crónica en la primera infancia, en particular desde el nacimient o hasta los 2 años de edad;
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
Párrafo
Pathways to, conditions and consequences of incarceration for women 2013, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Inadequate quantities and poor nutritional value of foods is an issue in many countries. It can result in starvation and malnourishment, including for pregnant or nursing women; it can become a commodity traded for sex; denial of food can be used as a form of punishment; because of limited quantities, it can lead to fights; and the poor quality and nutritional value may endanger the health of inmates, including impacting the ability of mothers to breastfeed babies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.15b
- Paragraph text
- [The objectives are:] To improve the health and nutritional status of infants and children;
- Organismo
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development 1994, para. 8.18
- Paragraph text
- For infants and children to receive the best nutrition and for specific protection against a range of diseases, breast-feeding should be protected, promoted and supported. By means of legal, economic, practical and emotional support, mothers should be enabled to breast-feed their infants exclusively for four to six months without food or drink supplementation and to continue breast- feeding infants with appropriate and adequate complementary food up to the age of two years or beyond. To achieve these goals, Governments should promote public information on the benefits of breast-feeding; health personnel should receive training on the management of breast-feeding; and countries should examine ways and means to implement fully the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes.
- Organismo
- International Conference on Population and Development
- Tipo de documento
- Declaration / Confererence outcome document
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 1994
Párrafo
Right to food 2012, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes which are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and children and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of two years;
- Organismo
- United Nations General Assembly
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2012
Párrafo
Right to food 2013, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes which are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and children and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of 2 years;
- Organismo
- United Nations General Assembly
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2013
Párrafo
Right to food 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes that are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and children and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of 2 years;
- Organismo
- United Nations General Assembly
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2014
Párrafo
Right to food 2015, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Calls upon all States and, if appropriate, relevant international organizations to take measures and support programmes that are aimed at combating undernutrition in mothers, in particular during pregnancy, and in children, and the irreversible effects of chronic undernutrition in early childhood, in particular from birth to the age of 2 years;
- Organismo
- United Nations General Assembly
- Tipo de documento
- Resolution
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2015
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Recognizing the growing threat of malnutrition in all its forms and its negative impacts on economic development, universal health and efforts to reduce inequality, the international community has taken major initiatives to ensure global policy action. The World Health Organization (WHO) global targets to improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025, the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases 2013-2020 and the political commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition, in 2014, to ensure the right of everyone to safe, sufficient and nutritious food are encouraging responses. It is now also recognized that nutrition plays a crucial role in fulfilling the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- At the same time, there were 41 million overweight children under the age of 5. If this trend continues, 70 million infants and young children will be overweight or obese by 2025. Economic and cultural factors contribute to childhood obesity. Energy-dense foods are often more affordable and aggressively marketed towards children, while some cultures may associate higher weights in children with being healthy.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- Breastfeeding is a powerful influence on child survival and development and prevention of child malnutrition. It provides optimal nutrition for young infants, reducing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases and contributing to obesity prevention. Breastfed babies are protected from illnesses through the mother's antibodies, while those who are not are exposed to increased chances of malnutrition, non-communicable diseases and suboptimal cognitive development. In addition, infant formula and other breast milk substitutes can cause poor growth or illness if water quality and hygiene standards are not met.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- WHO recommends breastfeeding within one hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods should be introduced at 6 months of age, together with continued breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond. Yet only about 36 per cent of infants between 0 and 6 months old are exclusively breastfed. In high-income countries, fewer than one in five infants are breastfed for 12 months, and only two out of three children between 6 months and 2 years of age receive breast milk in low- and middle-income countries. These rates have not improved in two decades. In addition, few children receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods. A total of 823,000 children's lives could be saved yearly if all children between 0 and 23 months were optimally breastfed. One of the major obstacles to breastfeeding is the misleading marketing by baby food companies of breast milk substitutes and the lack of corporate accountability for the adverse consequences of such abuses.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In 2011 the WHO Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Non Communicable Diseases initiated action to tackle malnutrition comprehensively, including unbalanced nutrition and obesity. In 2012, the World Health Assembly endorsed six global nutrition targets to improve maternal, infant and young child nutrition by 2025. Commitment to reach those targets was reaffirmed at the Second International Conference on Nutrition, held in Rome in 2014.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Youth
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition is one of the leading private networks focusing on malnutrition reduction, mainly through fortification, supported largely by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Several allegations of conflict of interest have been made against the Alliance. In particular, organizations working to address infant malnutrition questioned whether its work was motivated primarily by efforts to open new markets for its members. An effective, independent evaluation mechanism is needed for balancing private sector involvement in nutrition policies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Infants
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- Children and pregnant and lactating women enjoy even further protections. The Convention on the Rights of the Child confirms that, to ensure the full implementation of a child's right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health, States must take appropriate measures to combat disease and malnutrition through, inter alia, the provision of "adequate nutritious foods" (art. 24 (2) (c)) and that in case of need they must provide material assistance and support programmes, including with regard to nutrition (art. 27 (3)). The Convention also calls for the protection and promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for infants up to 6 months of age, and for breastfeeding to continue alongside appropriate complementary foods preferably until 2 years of age.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Women
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- The protection and promotion of breastfeeding is also enshrined in the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, adopted by the World Health Assembly in 1981. The Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, adopted in 2002, sets out the obligations of States to develop, implement, monitor and evaluate comprehensive national policies addressing infant and young child feeding, accompanied by a detailed action plan.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- In the technical guidance on the application of a human rights-based approach to the implementation of policies and programmes to reduce and eliminate preventable mortality and morbidity of children under 5 years of age (A/HRC/27/31) Member States are urged to regulate private actors over which they exercise control, including producers and marketers of breast milk substitutes and other relevant companies (para. 70 (g)). The Committee on the Rights of the Child, in its general comment No. 15, also calls upon private companies to comply with the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly resolutions. In its most recent resolution on ending inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children, adopted in May 2016, the World Health Assembly called upon manufacturers and distributors of foods for infants and young children to end all forms of inappropriate promotion.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- Children
- Infants
- Año
- 2016
Párrafo