Astuces de recherche
trié par
30 Listé sur un total de 1561 Entités
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- [It also considers four broad categories of management models:] Self-supply.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Current funding patterns disproportionately target networked urban areas. Large systems in urban areas (e.g. wastewater treatment facilities and sewerage pipelines etc.) receive vastly larger sums than basic services in rural areas and deprived urban areas (e.g. latrines, boreholes and hand pumps). Currently, 62 per cent of all of the sectoral aid goes to developing large systems, while only 16 per cent goes to basic systems. This marks a near 10 per cent decline in funding basic services since 2003.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 47b
- Paragraph text
- [One of the key roles of regulation is to set and monitor performance standards. The regulatory framework has to set specific standards for providers to comply with in line with the human rights to water and sanitation and the obligation to progressively realize these rights in particular with regard to:] Water quality. It must not pose a threat to human health. The World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality serve as an important reference in this regard;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 47c
- Paragraph text
- [One of the key roles of regulation is to set and monitor performance standards. The regulatory framework has to set specific standards for providers to comply with in line with the human rights to water and sanitation and the obligation to progressively realize these rights in particular with regard to:] Regularity of supply. Water supply must be sufficiently reliable to allow for the collection of amounts sufficient to realize all personal and domestic needs over the day;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In addition, it would be extremely valuable to monitor how gender, age, and disability-related inequalities manifest themselves in relation to water, sanitation, and hygiene in public facilities such as schools and health facilities where other human rights are also compromised. Indeed, such inequalities may be even more acute in public spaces, making the collection of data about equity and equality variables especially important in these contexts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Participation must be active, free and meaningful. It must go beyond mere information-sharing and superficial consultation, and involve people in decision-making, providing real opportunities to influence the planning process. The organization of a truly participatory process is challenging. Different mechanisms and approaches will be required, including consultations with various stakeholders, public meetings and hearings as well as the opportunity to submit written comments and feedback.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Integrating non-discrimination and equality into the post-2015 development agenda for water, sanitation and hygiene 2012, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Because menstrual hygiene management has such a strong impact on gender equality, it could be used as a proxy for information about discrimination against women and girls in sanitation and hygiene. Targets and indicators should be crafted to capture the ability of all women and adolescent girls to manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity, supported by amending the relevant household surveys explicitly asking about adequate menstrual hygiene management.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- In addition to participation in accountability, there must also be accountability for ensuring participation. Courts and other mechanisms play an important role in ensuring accountability in cases of failure to ensure active, free and meaningful participation, i.e., when the right to participation itself has been violated. As evidenced by the case law referenced in the present report, courts play an important role in demanding compliance with States' obligations to ensure participation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- When administrative or national quasi-judicial mechanisms do not exist or are not able to successfully resolve a dispute, the right to an effective remedy requires that people whose rights to water and sanitation have been affected be able to turn to a court. A right of judicial review as a last resort is sometimes indispensable. In this context, it is critical that judicial systems uphold the justiciability of the human rights to water and sanitation in line with international human rights law.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- In the United Nations Millennium Declaration of September 2000, leaders from 189 nations embraced a vision for the world in which developed and developing countries would work in partnership for the reduction of extreme poverty. To provide a framework for measuring progress, the poverty reduction commitments in section III of the Declaration were subsequently broken down into eight Millennium Development Goals, 18 targets and 48 indicators. The Goals address many dimensions of poverty, such as income poverty, hunger, lack of education, disease and inadequate access to water and sanitation. They also place responsibility upon the international community to assist in areas including trade, aid and debt relief.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Within certain parameters, the Millennium Development Goals can be seen as complementing and contributing to national efforts to realize human rights. They might do this by bringing strengthened political commitment to the fulfilment of certain basic needs - including water and sanitation - protected under international human rights law, and by strengthening bilateral and multilateral partnerships within the framework of Goal 8, where needed. However, the Millennium Development Goal targets and indicators agreed at the global level reflect certain tensions and occasional inconsistencies with international human rights standards. Unless these problems are rectified, the result may be not only policy incoherence, but also Goal-based development strategies that may inadvertently violate international human rights standards.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- Further synergies between monitoring of the Millennium Development Goals and human rights monitoring will be critical for ensuring that development strategies based on the Goals are not targeted by default at the better-served populations for whom household data are more readily available (as distinct, for example, from informal settlements), thereby running the risk of entrenching existing inequalities. Strategies for the realization of access to water and sanitation should include targeted interventions, aiming at those who are most disadvantaged and harder to reach as a stepping stone towards universal service provision.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Certain countries have made important strides towards introducing participation in the water and sanitation sectors at the national level. For example, Ghana's 2007 national water policy aims to ensure participation at the lowest appropriate level of society in water-related issues and calls for the acceleration of women's representation at all levels and in all spheres of water-related management. South Africa's legislative and policy framework is based explicitly on constitutionally protected human rights to water and sanitation, and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry issued generic public participation guidelines for use by water service authorities to ensure adequate participation in service delivery. Nevertheless, the main challenge is to more fully translate laws and policies into practice.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Notwithstanding widespread adherence to different international human rights treaties, human rights standards and principles have only selectively been integrated in national strategies to realize the Millennium Development Goals, including those connected with target 7.C, and are virtually absent from global cooperation frameworks. There are a range of reasons for this disjuncture. The Millennium Development Goals project and international human rights law have very distinctive histories, and there are disciplinary differences and institutional fragmentation which are only now incrementally being bridged.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Generally speaking, the human rights obligations of States can be classified as obligations to respect, to protect and to fulfil. Obligations to respect require States to refrain from interfering with existing access. Obligations to protect take into account the role of third parties, requiring States to prevent such third parties from interfering with the enjoyment of human rights by others. Finally, obligations to fulfil call on States to adopt the necessary measures to enable and assist individuals to enjoy their human rights and to ensure direct provision as a last resort, when individuals are, for reasons beyond their control, unable to provide for themselves. States have to achieve the full realization of the rights to water and sanitation progressively. They are required to devote the maximum available resources and move towards it as expeditiously and effectively as possible, but do not have to achieve the full realization immediately.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- How much disaggregation of data is it reasonable to expect, insofar as Millennium Development Goal monitoring is concerned? Some countries have far greater statistical and analytical capacities than others. Data problems are especially acute regarding those living in informal settlements, internally displaced persons, certain ethnic minorities, migrants, persons with disabilities and other vulnerable and marginalized groups who may not be properly reflected in national censuses, administrative records and household surveys. Hence, there is an important capacity-building agenda around the question of national statistical and analytical capacities, without which the distributional impacts and severity of possible human rights harms cannot be anticipated and planned for.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Sadly, situations of systematic exclusion, deprivation and discrimination in relation to access to water and sanitation persist, even in many countries that are currently on track to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, as well as many middle-income and developed countries. The way the Goals are framed (almost exclusively being applied in developing countries) overlooks the problems of persistent pockets of poverty and marginalization in richer countries. In particular, a 50 per cent reduction is not nearly ambitious enough in many such contexts. Where countries have almost universal coverage, specific targets should be set to reach the groups that suffer from lack of access owing to discrimination and exclusion. In this regard, global targets must be translated into national and subnational targets and adapted to the specific context, given that regional, ethnic or income inequalities are often the driving force of such exclusion.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- A defining attribute of the human rights framework is its potential to empower people, to challenge existing inequities and to transform power relations to bring about real and sustainable changes, particularly for those most marginalized, with strengthened accountability. Human rights standards compel the participatory formulation of public policies and development plans and the institutionalization of democratic processes. All people have the right to participate in decision-making processes that may affect their rights, and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights affirms in its General Comment No. 15 that all people should be given full and equal access to information concerning water, sanitation and the environment (E/C.12/2002/11, paras. 12 (4), 48 and 55).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- However, international human rights commitments constitute prerequisites for the realization of the Goals, providing a wider set of complementary standards and mechanisms for accountability. Human rights monitoring institutions and expert bodies add important additional accountability dimensions to monitoring and reporting processes. These include courts, national human rights institutions and informal justice systems, as well as international mechanisms including the treaty bodies and special procedures. As emphasized earlier, the fact that human rights entitlements apply to all people everywhere - in richer, as well as poorer countries - fills an important gap in the Millennium Development Goals framework.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The work of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises is especially relevant to the subject of this report as it is concerned with States' obligations and business responsibilities. In his 2008 report to the Human Rights Council, the Special Representative set out a three-part policy framework entitled "Protect, Respect and Remedy" (A/HRC/8/5). It consists of the States' obligation to protect against human rights abuses by third parties, the responsibility of companies to respect human rights, and the need for access to effective remedies and grievance mechanisms to address alleged human rights violations. The Human Rights Council welcomed the framework by consensus in its resolution 8/7. The Special Representative is now in the process of further operationalizing the framework. To some extent, the work of the independent expert builds on the framework and is aimed at contributing to its operationalization by applying it specifically to the provision of water and sanitation services.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- [The challenges in the water and sanitation sector are huge. Many of these challenges are faced by all service providers, State and non-State, and thus this analysis may be relevant in a broader context. However, the present section retains a specific focus on situations where non-State service providers are involved, clarifying the obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors in this context, since the human rights analysis changes when non-State actors become involved. By identifying the challenges in the context of water and sanitation service provision, it is hoped that concrete and practical guidance may be offered to States and service providers alike. Against the standard of the human rights to water and sanitation, a number of such challenges can be identified, including:] Ensuring regulatory capacity and enforcement
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- While the independent expert is aware of the significant differences in size, capacity and structure of these actors, she considers it necessary to cover the entire spectrum of non-State service providers. In the present report, she will not address direct State provision, because the legal analysis is different when non-State actors are involved, as will be explained below. Hence, the present report addresses both formal and informal service provision and covers private companies and entrepreneurs, NGOs and community-based organizations involved in service provision, as well as State-owned companies. She will use the terms "non-State service providers" or "actors" to refer to these. Where her considerations are limited to the private sector or parts of it, she will use the terms "(formal/ informal) private sector", "private sector participation" or "private actors", while avoiding the term privatization for the reasons outlined below.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The MDGs and the human rights to water and sanitation 2010, para. 63k
- Paragraph text
- [In line with these conclusions, the independent expert recommends the following:] States and other relevant actors must promote genuinely participatory processes and empower people to actively take part in decision-making processes, including on the use of development assistance, inter alia by overcoming barriers including low literacy levels, language constraints, cultural barriers and physical obstacles. To enable meaningful participation, full transparency must be ensured. All people must have full and equal access to information concerning water and sanitation and related plans, policies and programmes, including the use of development assistance;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- To be able to respect human rights, non-State actors need to know the actual and potential impact of their activities on the realization of human rights. According to the framework of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, such actors are required to exercise due diligence "to become aware of, prevent and address adverse human rights impacts". Due diligence is understood as "a comprehensive, proactive attempt to uncover human rights risks, actual and potential, over the entire life cycle of a […] business activity, with the aim of avoiding and mitigating those risks". That responsibility is not a mere passive one, but requires active steps to put into place the necessary policies, mechanisms to identify actual and potential harm to human rights, and grievance mechanisms.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- [The challenges in the water and sanitation sector are huge. Many of these challenges are faced by all service providers, State and non-State, and thus this analysis may be relevant in a broader context. However, the present section retains a specific focus on situations where non-State service providers are involved, clarifying the obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors in this context, since the human rights analysis changes when non-State actors become involved. By identifying the challenges in the context of water and sanitation service provision, it is hoped that concrete and practical guidance may be offered to States and service providers alike. Against the standard of the human rights to water and sanitation, a number of such challenges can be identified, including:] Ensuring the quality of services
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- Therefore, it must be possible to address complaints to State institutions. Such mechanisms must be available to all people, not only for "clients" who pay for services provision. For instance, concerned individuals must have the opportunity to bring up potential discrimination in the targeting of subsidies. States have to provide "accessible, affordable, timely and effective" remedies. Victims of violations are entitled to adequate reparation, including restitution, compensation, satisfaction and/or guarantees of non-repetition. While administrative remedies will be adequate in many cases, a right of judicial appeal as a last resort is often appropriate and sometimes indispensable.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Particular challenges occur with regard to the provision of services to previously unserved and underserved areas. In these cases, the operator is faced with not only the recurrent costs of operation and maintenance, but also the need for substantial investments. The private sector has often been criticized for selectively serving attractive areas within regions, countries, cities and neighbourhoods, where a high rate of return can be expected. However, the geographic coverage of services provided by non-State actors is the result of a political decision and a contract proposed by the public authorities - non-State service providers will not extend services to unserved or underserved areas unless explicitly mandated to do so in their contracts.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Human Rights Obligations Related to Non-State Service Provision in Water and Sanitation 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- [The challenges in the water and sanitation sector are huge. Many of these challenges are faced by all service providers, State and non-State, and thus this analysis may be relevant in a broader context. However, the present section retains a specific focus on situations where non-State service providers are involved, clarifying the obligations of States and the responsibilities of non-State actors in this context, since the human rights analysis changes when non-State actors become involved. By identifying the challenges in the context of water and sanitation service provision, it is hoped that concrete and practical guidance may be offered to States and service providers alike. Against the standard of the human rights to water and sanitation, a number of such challenges can be identified, including:] Avoiding disconnections in cases of inability to pay
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Where large-scale systems are planned, it is important to investigate who benefits: do these investments improve services for those who already enjoy access, or do they expand coverage to those who lack it? Piped water systems generally offer the best quality water at the lowest cost per capita owing to economies of scale. These systems must, however, also be made available to those households which are unserved or under-served in peri-urban and informal settlements. At present, the benefits from large-scale systems largely go to middle and upper-income households, reinforcing discrimination and exacerbating disparities between rich and poor.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Financing for the Realization of the Rights to Water and Sanitation 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Local governments rarely have the financial or technical capacity needed to address the accessibility, affordability and quality of services. Decentralized responsibility for providing water and sanitation services is not effective unless accompanied by support to local authorities as they learn to modify tariff and/or subsidy structures, plan new projects or mobilize additional resources. There are, however, reportedly few resources available to support capacity improvement. Local governments are not routinely assigned resources sufficient to pay for all of their obligations and few are in a position to raise the money themselves. One recent study revealed that only around one third of State expenditure on water and sanitation goes to local government budgets.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Mode d'adoption
- N.A.
- Thèmes
- Water & Sanitation
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe