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Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Other groups vulnerable to limited opportunities in education and requiring targeted support include persons with disabilities, children living in the street or without parental care, migrant workers and their families, refugees, internally displaced persons and those affected by natural disasters or conflict. Moreover, nomad populations, including pastoral populations who remain deprived of equal opportunities in education, deserve special attention, especially in Africa.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- That Committee continually calls upon States parties to implement sexual education programmes and has recommended the expansion of sexual and reproductive health programmes as a necessary means of addressing high abortion and maternal mortality rates. It has encouraged States parties to provide systematic sexual education in schools and has specifically called for increased efforts to prevent adolescent pregnancies, including educating children about responsible partnerships and parenthood.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Children
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- The increasing privatization of fee-paying, for-profit schools in Morocco, for example, entails discrimination and inequalities in education for disadvantaged children by creating a system that favours the "haves" over the "have-nots", with the risk of developing a two-speed education system. Besides, research shows that the scheme of "vouchers purported to provide economically disadvantaged parents the means to select a private school in fact promotes group differentiation".
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- It is estimated that by the end of 2008, 33.4 million people around the world were living with HIV, and the number of AIDS-related deaths that year was estimated at 2 million; almost 300,000 of that number were children.5 In addition, various studies have revealed increasing links between violence against women and HIV/AIDS. Women who have experienced violence are at a higher risk of HIV infection. The need to provide the population with sexual education as a means of prevention has been emphasized repeatedly. Thus, HIV/AIDS highlights the close link between the right to comprehensive sexual education and the right to health and to life.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers 2010, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also draws attention to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (art. 26), which views the right to education as comprising: (a) fundamental education, which refers to free, often non-formal education for illiterate people, with a strong collective and cultural emphasis for human development (“community education”); and (b) elementary education, i.e., free compulsory formal education which, while not specifying any particular level(s) or stage(s), normatively integrated free post-primary education. Article 26 of the Declaration, and subsequent international human rights law, also guarantee the right of parents and legal guardians to choose their children’s education in conformity with their religious, moral or philosophical convictions. States, however, are not legally obliged to provide instruction in line with such choices.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers 2010, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur takes this opportunity to emphasize that school learning content and non-formal learning for refugees and asylum-seekers in refugee camps should aim to transmit key life-saving and life-sustaining messages (including landmine and unexploded ordinance awareness, rapid evacuation, skills-based health education, conflict resolution, humanitarian norms, child protection, etc.) in addition to preparation for local integration, repatriation or resettlement. In this regard, the Special Rapporteur specifically draws attention to, and welcomes, the educational work of UNHCR, but encourages increased attention, intensity and breadth in its provision.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers 2010, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- Lifelong learning cannot be disassociated from immigration law, which often forces migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers into illegality and which may take precedence over and/or be in conflict with the right to education. Indeed, a number of questionnaire respondents supported the claims in wider literature on the issue pointing to such tensions. The attention of the Special Rapporteur has been drawn to the practice of migrant children being detained by police on the grounds of their immigration status while travelling to school and the dependence on permanent legal residence for education access and opportunity.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 5
- Paragraph text
- Resource constraints, however, remain a major barrier to the realization of the right to education. Prospects for achieving the targets of millennium development goals 2 (Ensuring that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling) and 3 (Eliminating gender disparity in all levels of education no later than 2015) are bleak on account of a dearth of resources. The assessment prepared for the 2010 High-level Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals underlined the need for scaling up budgets and providing enhanced resources to accelerate progress in meeting those targets. The Education for All Global Monitoring Reports in recent years have consistently pointed to insufficient funding for education. More recently, public expenditure cuts as a consequence of the global financial crisis have threatened to decrease support to the education sector, possibly jeopardizing recent advances. For instance, 7 of 18 low-income countries reduced spending on education in 2009; those countries alone had 3.7 million children out of school.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Schools are often not constructed or maintained to be disaster resilient. An extensive consultation with children around the globe resulted in the recent preparation of a children's charter for disaster risk reduction, which highlights the need for schools to be safe and education not to be interrupted. INEE coordinated the preparation of guidance notes on the necessary steps to ensure the construction of safer schools and the adaptation of existing ones. A major effort is needed to build technical capacity for, and ensure the adoption of, safer standards for education infrastructure to avoid tragedies where seismic or other hazards take the lives of large numbers of children in unsafe schools.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- States must ensure systematic monitoring, documenting and reporting of violations of international human rights and humanitarian law committed against members of education communities and education institutions and settings. The recent adoption by the Security Council of resolution 1998 (2011) must be followed by enhanced attention to the situation of education in future efforts for monitoring violations of child rights during armed conflict. Domestic, regional and international accountability mechanisms, including those of the military, should be fully cognizant of, as well as systematically address, the obligations of State and non-State actors with respect to the right to education and other legal protections guaranteed to members of education communities and institutions. Specific efforts are required to strengthen the capacity of education providers to prevent and respond to attacks.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Refugees and internally displaced persons continue to face great obstacles when seeking education outside their communities of origin. Data collected by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees within official camps indicated limited and uneven access to education across camps; the overall primary school participation rate of refugee children in camps was 69 per cent and at the secondary level only 30 per cent. Several countries maintain administrative barriers to the enrolment of both refugee and internally displaced children, despite human rights obligations to provide education without discrimination of any kind to all children living in their territories and the relevant provisions of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. Short-term financing of projects in situations of prolonged displacement threatens the education, and progression, of many thousands of refugee and internally displaced children; gaps in the financing of education in such situations must be addressed as a matter of priority because of the long-lasting impact of the denial of education to these populations.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- [In that spirit, the Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations:] It is of crucial importance for countries to devise new approaches to resource allocation and its utilization. To enhance investment in education as a national priority, budget lines for education can be provided for in various ministries concerned with social development (ministries of social welfare, child and women's development, labour, health, etc.). At the same time, broadening the tax base is important for creating more budgetary resources.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Women
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Regional human rights systems have also adopted decisions relevant for the protection of equal opportunities in education. The European Court of Human Rights recently held that the right to education was violated by the placement of a Croatian national of Roma origin in Roma-only classes, rather than ethnically ‘mixed’ classes. Even the applicant had attended ‘Roma-only’ schools at other times. The Court noted that there was a lack of a systemic and structured approach to the integration of Roma children into mainstream classes.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- General comment No. 1 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child highlights the fact that while equality of opportunity in education “is primarily a matter which relates to article 28 of the Convention, there are many ways in which failure to comply with the principles contained in article 29 (1) [concerning the aims of education] can have a similar effect.” The general comment goes on to outline how discrimination based on gender, disability, health status and race can hamper children’s equal access to education. Furthermore, other general comments elaborated by the Committee address the need for temporary special measures to ensure equal access to education for indigenous children and equality of opportunity in education for children with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Belonging to a minority group is also a factor for marginalization in education. Indeed, education opportunities of Afro-descendants in the Americas or Roma groups in Europe are the subject of important debates. Ensuring access to basic education on an equitable basis for children of ethnic and linguistic minorities is an obligation and also one of the EFA goals. In this respect, the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities provides a basis for action. The 2008 United Nations Forum on Minority Issues was devoted to the right to education, and produced recommendations which apply to the situations of minorities globally with respect to the right to education. These are highly relevant to equality of opportunity in education for other disadvantaged groups. Indigenous groups also face important challenges when accessing education. In this regard, apart from core international human rights treaties, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples provides a normative base for action.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- Administrative tribunals and national human rights institutions also reinforce judicial and quasi-judicial mechanisms to safeguard the equality of opportunities in education and right to education. In another case relating to schools dedicated to Roma children, the Equal Treatment Authority of Hungary concluded that not only were authorities responsible for the local system that segregated students, in violation of the principle of equal treatment, but those who tolerated or assisted the maintenance of existing segregation schemes also violated the law. National human rights institutions also have an important role to play. In Mauritius, for example, the ombudsperson has the authority to investigate any type of educational discrimination. The Equality and Anti-Discrimination Ombudsman, in Norway, and the Equal Opportunities Ombudsman, in Sweden, also have such competence.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 116
- Paragraph text
- Each education goal and target must be accompanied by an implementation strategy and monitoring mechanisms, which should cover both access and quality at each level of education, aimed at enhancing learning achievements. The strategy should be guided by equitable approaches, along with social protection measures and support in the form of grants and bursaries to the children who are victims of exclusion, in particular those who are victims of extreme poverty. This is crucial for meeting challenges in overcoming unprecedented disparities in access and quality as the demand for education grows and what is on offer becomes more diverse.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Thus, justiciability of right to education also has its bases in national legal systems which provide “grounds” for the “right of action”, mentioned above. An example is the Constitution of South Africa, which provides in section 38 (Enforcement of rights) that “Anyone listed in this section has the right to approach a competent court, alleging that a right in the Bill of Rights has been infringed or threatened, and the court may grant appropriate relief, including a declaration of rights.” Fundamental rights in India constitute “basic and essential feature” of the Constitution, and any citizen can directly approach the Supreme Court of India in cases of breach or violation. The Brazilian Association of Judges, Prosecutors and Public Defenders for Children and Youth also has a strong commitment to human rights, in particular the right to quality education and its enforcement.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Youth
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- In this context, it is important to note that, whereas parents and guardians are at liberty to choose private schools for their children, pursuant to article 13 (3) and (4) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, education in such schools must conform to the educational objectives set out in article 13 (1) of the Covenant and "such minimum educational standards as may be laid down or approved by the State". Those minimum standards may relate to issues such as admission, curricula and the recognition of certificates. In their turn, those standards must be consistent with the educational objectives set out in article 13 (1).
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- The aptitude of students should be given serious consideration in assessing their attainments. The evaluation of the abilities and aptitudes of children in consultation with parents and teachers can be useful in enabling them to realize their potential, leading to better attainments. In Lithuania, for example, evaluation in primary and basic education is driven by the concept of the assessment of pupils' achievement and progress, encouraging positive personal features and creativity and improving personal achievements. The main idea is assessment for learning, not assessment of learning.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2014
Paragraphe
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in particular article 28, States parties recognized the need to achieve the right to education progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity. Specifically, they committed to promoting and encouraging international cooperation in matters relating to education, in particular with a view to facilitating access to scientific and technical knowledge and modern teaching methods. In article 24 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, States parties recognized the right of persons with disabilities to education and committed to ensuring an inclusive education system at all levels. They also committed to taking appropriate measures to train professionals in disability awareness and the use of augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, educational techniques and materials to support persons with disabilities.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. (g)
- Paragraph text
- Freedom from violence and the right to education: If schools play a central role in the prevention of violence and the promotion of a culture of peace, it is also true that violence can often take place in the school context with serious consequences for the enjoyment of the right to education. The Rapporteur intends to address the emerging concern of violence in schools in close collaboration with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. (a)
- Paragraph text
- Update on previous report on education in emergency situations: Despite efforts and international pledges to ensure full enjoyment of the right to education in areas affected by conflict and natural disasters, these situations are still central factors in the exclusion of children from schools, and in the deterioration of education. The General Assembly requested the Special Rapporteur to include in his report to the sixty-sixth session an update to the report on the right to education in emergencies.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Prevalent teacher absenteeism bears evidence to the slackness regarding the inspection of schools. Public authorities should tighten monitoring and inspection in order to control this lacuna with disciplinary measures. Some additional aspects deserve special consideration in quality inspections, such as: (i) the way human rights values are promoted in schools; (ii) the overall interaction with parents and the community; (iii) the promotion of dialogue with teachers on child-friendly teaching and learning.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Families
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on the Rights of the Child has called upon States to establish copyright exceptions that benefit children with visual or other impairments, reinforcing the obligation set out in article 30 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for States to ensure that laws protecting intellectual property rights do not constitute an unreasonable or discriminatory barrier to access by persons with disabilities to cultural materials.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Nicholas Carr provides profound insights into the deleterious impact of digital devices on our mind and spirit, and sheds light on how this scuttles humanist values in education: "How sad it would be, particularly when it comes to the nurturing of our children's minds, if we were to accept without question the idea that 'human elements' are outmoded and dispensable." Meditative thinking, the very essence of our humanity, might become a victim of this.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- In order to be comprehensive, sexual education must provide the tools needed for decision-making in relation to a sexuality corresponding to the lifestyle which each human being chooses in the context of his or her situation. For this reason, the sexual education given to children and young people is crucial. In fact, decision makers involved in formal education should consider sexual education as an essential way of enhancing education in general and promoting quality of life. It has been said that education for sexuality is "an essential part of a good curriculum".2
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Youth
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The European Committee of Social Rights set important standards on the right to sexual education in a landmark decision. The Committee decided that States parties to the European Social Charter were required to provide sexual education to young people on a scientific and non-discriminatory basis without censoring, withholding or intentionally misrepresenting information, for example as regards contraception. The Committee recommended that such education should be provided throughout the entire period of schooling and stated that education in sexual and reproductive health should be designed to develop the capacity of children and young people to understand their sexuality in its biological and cultural dimensions, which would enable them to take responsible decisions with regard to sexual and reproductive health behaviour. In its decision, the Committee expressed the view that States were required to ensure that sexual education programmes did not reinforce stereotypes or perpetuate prejudices regarding sexual orientation.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Youth
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Sexual education 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Worthy of note are the experiences of Cambodia, which has an increasingly solid legal framework, continues to make progress in the provision of sexual education with increased funding and has mainstreamed gender into the education process; and Thailand, where sexual education has been included in the compulsory curriculum since 1978 and a manual has been developed for Muslim students. Since 2000, Viet Nam has shown a sustained commitment; education on HIV prevention and reproductive health is included in the compulsory curriculum for children aged 10 to 12 and is taught as an extracurricular subject for those aged 6 to 9.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
The right to education of migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers 2010, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur further notes that child migrants and refugees, often in search of education and work opportunities, are particularly vulnerable to forced, compulsory and exploitative labour and sexual abuse. International instruments, such as the ILO Minimum Age Convention No. 138 and the European Social Charter (revised) (art. 7.2), establish 15 as the minimum age for both the completion of compulsory schooling and entry into employment. Consequently, the increased reduction of the right to education in elementary schooling undermines the protection of child migrants and refugees from hazardous work. This is related to the understanding that education can, and should, serve as an important tool to protect children from sexual and gender-based violence, HIV/AIDS, military recruitment, crime and drugs, inter alia.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Education
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe