Search Tips
trié par
30 Listé sur un total de 154 Entités
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Among the groups that are often disproportionately affected by the adverse impact of business activities are women, children, indigenous peoples, particularly in relation to the development, utilization or exploitation of lands and natural resources, peasants, fisherfolk and other people working in rural areas, and ethnic or religious minorities where these minorities are politically disempowered. Persons with disabilities are also often disproportionately affected by the negative impacts of business activities, in particular because they face particular barriers in accessing accountability and remedy mechanisms. As noted by the Committee on previous occasions, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are at particular risk of facing discrimination in the enjoyment of Covenant rights due to their precarious situation, and under article 7 of the Covenant, migrant workers are particularly vulnerable to exploitation, long working hours, unfair wages and dangerous and unhealthy working environments.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Certain segments of the population face a greater risk of suffering intersectional and multiple discrimination. For instance, investment-linked evictions and displacements often result in physical and sexual violence against, and inadequate compensation and additional burdens related to resettlement for, women and girls. In the course of such investment-linked evictions and displacements, indigenous women and girls face discrimination both due to their gender and because they identify as indigenous people. In addition, women are overrepresented in the informal economy and are less likely to enjoy labour-related and social security protections. Furthermore, despite some improvement, women continue to be underrepresented in corporate decision-making processes worldwide. The Committee therefore recommends that States parties address the specific impacts of business activities on women and girls, including indigenous women and girls, and incorporate a gender perspective into all measures to regulate business activities that may adversely affect economic, social and cultural rights, including by consulting the Guidance on National Action Plans on Business and Human Rights. States parties should also take appropriate steps, including through temporary special measures, to improve women’s representation in the labour market, including at the upper echelons of the corporate hierarchy.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities 2017, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The increased role and impact of private actors in traditionally public sectors, such as the health or education sector, pose new challenges for States parties in complying with their obligations under the Covenant. Privatization is not per se prohibited by the Covenant, even in areas such as the provision of water or electricity, education or health care where the role of the public sector has traditionally been strong. Private providers should, however, be subject to strict regulations that impose on them so-called “public service obligations”: in the provision of water or electricity, this may include requirements concerning universality of coverage and continuity of service, pricing policies, quality requirements, and user participation. Similarly, private health-care providers should be prohibited from denying access to affordable and adequate services, treatments or information. For instance, where health practitioners are allowed to invoke conscientious objection to refuse to provide certain sexual and reproductive health services, including abortion, they should refer the women or girls seeking such services to another practitioner within reasonable geographical reach who is willing to provide such services.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2017
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- All workers have the right to equal opportunity for promotion through fair, merit based and transparent processes that respect human rights. The applicable criteria of seniority and competence should also include an assessment of individual circumstances, as well as the different roles and experiences of men and women, in order to ensure equal opportunities for all. There should be no place for irrelevant criteria such as personal preference or family, political and social links. Similarly, workers must have the opportunity for promotion free from reprisals related to trade union or political activity. The reference to equal opportunity requires that hiring, promotion and termination not be discriminatory. This is highly relevant for women and other workers, such as workers with disabilities, workers from certain ethnic, national and other minorities, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex workers, older workers and indigenous workers.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The minimum wage should apply systematically, protecting as much as possible the fullest range of workers, including workers in vulnerable situations. The minimum wage might apply generally or differ across sectors, regions, zones and professional categories, so long as the wages apply without direct or indirect discrimination and ensure a decent living. In setting minimum wages at the sector or industry level, the work performed in sectors predominantly employing women, minorities or foreign workers should not be undervalued compared with work in sectors predominantly employing men or nationals. It is particularly important to ensure that the job evaluation methods used to align or adjust sectoral or occupational minimum wage schemes are not inherently discriminatory.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 47h
- Paragraph text
- [The right to just and favourable conditions of work relates to specific workers:] Agricultural workers: Agricultural workers often face severe socioeconomic disadvantages, forced labour, income insecurity and lack of access to basic services. At times, they are formally excluded from industrial relations and social security systems. Women agricultural workers, particularly on family farms, are often not recognized as workers and therefore not entitled to wages and social protection, to join agricultural cooperatives and to benefit from loans, credits and other measures to improve working conditions. States parties should enact laws and policies to ensure that agricultural workers enjoy treatment no less favourable than that enjoyed by other categories of workers;
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The right to just and favourable conditions of work imposes three levels of obligations on States parties. First, State parties have an obligation to respect the right by refraining from interfering directly or indirectly with its enjoyment. This is particularly important when the State is the employer, including in State-owned or State-controlled enterprises. For example, States parties should not introduce salary scales that discriminate, directly or indirectly, against female workers, or maintain a promotion system in the public sector that favours, directly or indirectly, the overrepresented gender at higher levels. States parties should take measures to prevent and remedy occupational accidents and disease resulting from their acts or omissions. States parties should also respect collective agreements aimed at introducing and maintaining just and favourable conditions of work and review legislation, including corporate laws and regulations, to ensure that it does not constrain that right.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- The realization of the rights of women and gender equality, both in law and in practice, requires repealing or reforming discriminatory laws, policies and practices in the area of sexual and reproductive health. Removal of all barriers interfering with access by women to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, goods, education and information is required. To lower rates of maternal mortality and morbidity requires emergency obstetric care and skilled birth attendance, including in rural and remote areas, and prevention of unsafe abortions. Preventing unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions requires States to adopt legal and policy measures to guarantee all individuals access to affordable, safe and effective contraceptives and comprehensive sexuality education, including for adolescents; to liberalize restrictive abortion laws; to guarantee women and girls access to safe abortion services and quality post-abortion care, including by training health care providers; and to respect the right of women to make autonomous decisions about their sexual and reproductive health.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Violations of the right to just and favourable conditions of work can occur through acts of commission, which means direct actions of States parties. Adoption of labour migration policies that increase the vulnerability of migrant workers to exploitation, failure to prevent unfair dismissal from work of pregnant workers in public service, and introduction of deliberately retrogressive measures that are incompatible with core obligations are all examples of such violations.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 47a
- Paragraph text
- [The right to just and favourable conditions of work relates to specific workers:] Female workers: Progress on the three key interrelated indicators for gender equality in the context of labour rights - the "glass ceiling", the "gender pay gap" and the "sticky floor" - remains far from satisfactory. Intersectional discrimination and the absence of a life-cycle approach regarding the needs of women lead to accumulated disadvantages that have a negative impact on the right to just and favourable conditions of work and other rights. Particular attention is needed to address occupational segregation by sex and to achieve equal remuneration for work of equal value, as well as equal opportunity for promotion, including through the introduction of temporary special measures. Any assessment of the "value" of work must avoid gender stereotypes that could undervalue work predominantly performed by women. States parties should take into account the different requirements of male and female workers. For example, specific measures might be necessary to protect the safety and health of pregnant workers in relation to travel or night work. Day-care services in the workplace and flexible working arrangements can promote equal conditions of work in practice. Workers benefiting from gender-specific measures should not be penalized in other areas. States parties must take measures to address traditional gender roles and other structural obstacles that perpetuate gender inequality;
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- Objective job evaluation is important to avoid indirect discrimination when determining rates of remuneration and comparing the relative value of different jobs. For example, a distinction between full-time and part-time work - such as the payment of bonuses only to full-time employees - might indirectly discriminate against women employees if a higher percentage of women are part-time workers. Similarly, the objective evaluation of the work must be free from gender bias.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Remuneration set through collective agreements should be aimed at ensuring equality for work of equal value. States parties should adopt legislation and other measures to promote equal remuneration for work of equal value, including in the private sphere, for example, by encouraging the establishment of a classification of jobs without regard to sex; fixing time bound targets for achieving equality, and reporting requirements designed to assess whether targets have been met; and requiring progressive decreases in the differentials between rates of remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. States parties should consider the introduction of a wide range of vocational and other training measures for women, including in non-traditional fields of study and work.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The notion of "conditions of work for women not inferior to those enjoyed by men" and "equal pay for equal work" mentioned in the second part of article 7 (i) (a) are more restrictive than the notion of equal remuneration for work of equal value. First, the former are specifically related to direct discrimination on the basis of sex, while "equal remuneration for work of equal value" is without distinction on any ground. Second, they focus on a narrower comparison between the same job or post, normally in the same enterprise or organization, instead of the broader recognition of remuneration based on the value of work. Therefore, in the specific situation in which a man and a woman perform the same or similar functions, both workers must receive the same pay, but this should not detract from the requirement to take immediate steps towards the broader obligation of achieving equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- In the public sector, States parties should introduce objective standards for hiring, promotion and termination that are aimed at achieving equality, particularly between men and women. Public sector promotions should be subject to impartial review. For the private sector, States parties should adopt relevant legislation, such as comprehensive non discrimination legislation, to guarantee equal treatment in hiring, promotion and termination, and undertake surveys to monitor changes over time.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 47j
- Paragraph text
- [The right to just and favourable conditions of work relates to specific workers:] Unpaid workers: Women work in activities that are significant for their households and the national economy, and they spend twice as much time as men in unpaid work. Unpaid workers, such as workers in the home or in family enterprises, volunteer workers and unpaid interns, have remained beyond the coverage of ILO conventions and national legislation. They have a right to just and favourable conditions of work and should be protected by laws and policies on occupational safety and health, rest and leisure, and reasonable limitations on working hours, as well as social security.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- States parties must guarantee that the right to just and favourable conditions of work is exercised without discrimination of any kind. Specifically, they have an obligation to guarantee that women enjoy conditions of work not inferior to those of men and receive equal pay for work of equal value, which requires the immediate elimination of formal and substantive discrimination. States parties must also combat all forms of unequal treatment arising from precarious employment relationships.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Rest during the day is important for the health and safety of workers and therefore legislation should identify and protect rest periods during the work day. Where workers operate machinery or undertake tasks that can affect the life and health of themselves and others, legislation should include mandatory rest periods. Legislation should also include specific regulations on rest periods for night workers and acknowledge certain situations, for example, those of pregnant women, lactating women who may require rest periods in order to breastfeed, or workers undergoing medical treatment. Daily rest periods should take into account possibilities for flexible working arrangements which allow for extended working days in return for an additional day of rest in a weekly or fortnightly period.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The experiences of women of systemic discrimination and violence throughout their lives require comprehensive understanding of the concept of gender equality in the right to sexual and reproductive health. Non-discrimination on the basis of sex, as guaranteed in article 2 (2) of the Covenant, and the equality of women, as guaranteed in article 3, require the removal of not only direct discrimination but also indirect discrimination, and the ensuring of formal as well as substantive equality.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- Not only should workers receive equal remuneration when they perform the same or similar jobs, but their remuneration should also be equal even when their work is completely different but nonetheless of equal value when assessed by objective criteria. This requirement goes beyond only wages or pay to include other payments or benefits paid directly or indirectly to workers. Although equality between men and women is particularly important in this context and even merits a specific reference in article 7 (a) (i), the Committee reiterates that equality applies to all workers without distinction based on race, ethnicity, nationality, migration or health status, disability, age, sexual orientation, gender identity or any other ground.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Intergovernmental organizations, and in particular the United Nations and its specialized agencies, programmes and bodies, have a crucial role to play and contribution to make with regard to the universal realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health. The World Health Organization, UNFPA, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other United Nations entities provide technical guidance and information, as well as capacity building and strengthening. They should cooperate effectively with States parties, building on their respective expertise in relation to the implementation of the right to sexual and reproductive health at the national level, with due respect to their individual mandates, in collaboration with civil society.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 2
- Paragraph text
- Due to numerous legal, procedural, practical and social barriers, access to the full range of sexual and reproductive health facilities, services, goods and information is seriously restricted. In fact, the full enjoyment of the right to sexual and reproductive health remains a distant goal for millions of people, especially for women and girls, throughout the world. Certain individuals and population groups that experience multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination that exacerbate exclusion in both law and practice, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons and persons with disabilities, the full enjoyment of the right to sexual and reproductive health is further restricted.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Due to women's reproductive capacities, the realization of the right of women to sexual and reproductive health is essential to the realization of the full range of their human rights. The right of women to sexual and reproductive health is indispensable to their autonomy and their right to make meaningful decisions about their lives and health. Gender equality requires that the health needs of women, different from those of men, be taken into account and appropriate services provided for women in accordance with their life cycles.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- States must also take affirmative measures to eradicate social barriers in terms of norms or beliefs that inhibit individuals of different ages and genders, women, girls and adolescents from autonomously exercising their right to sexual and reproductive health. Social misconceptions, prejudices and taboos about menstruation, pregnancy, delivery, masturbation, wet dreams, vasectomy and fertility should be modified so that these do not obstruct an individual's enjoyment of the right to sexual and reproductive health.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Adolescents
- Girls
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Conditions of work in this particular subparagraph include the "conditions" identified in the work contract that can affect the rate of remuneration, as well as broader "conditions" referred to in other paragraphs of article 7. Thus, a woman performing work of equal value to that of a male counterpart should not have fewer contractual protections or more arduous contractual requirements. This requirement does not prevent women from enjoying specific conditions of work relating to pregnancy and maternity protection.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 47g
- Paragraph text
- [The right to just and favourable conditions of work relates to specific workers:] Self-employed workers: Where unable to earn a sufficient income, such workers should have access to appropriate support measures. Self-employed female workers should benefit from maternity insurance on an equal basis with other workers. Legislation on occupational health and safety should cover self-employed workers, requiring them to undertake appropriate training programmes, and be aimed at raising their awareness on the importance of rest, leisure and limitations on working time. Small-scale farmers who rely on unpaid family labour to compensate for difficult working conditions deserve particular attention;
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to just and favourable conditions of work (Art. 7) 2016, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- The Committee underlines the importance of consultation in formulating, implementing, reviewing and monitoring laws and policies related to the right to just and favourable conditions of work, not only with traditional social partners such as workers and employers and their representative organizations, but also with other relevant organizations, such as those representing persons with disabilities, younger and older persons, women, workers in the informal economy, migrants and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, as well as representatives of ethnic groups and indigenous communities.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Personnes concernées
- LGBTQI+
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Individuals belonging to particular groups may be disproportionately affected by intersectional discrimination in the context of sexual and reproductive health. As identified by the Committee, groups such as, but not limited to, poor women, persons with disabilities, migrants, indigenous or other ethnic minorities, adolescents, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons, and people living with HIV/AIDS are more likely to experience multiple discrimination. Trafficked and sexually exploited women, girls and boys are subject to violence, coercion and discrimination in their everyday lives, with their sexual and reproductive health at great risk. Also, women and girls living in conflict situations are disproportionately exposed to a high risk of violation of their rights, including through systematic rape, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy and forced sterilization. Measures to guarantee non-discrimination and substantive equality should be cognizant of and seek to overcome the often exacerbated impact that intersectional discrimination has on the realization of the right to sexual and reproductive health.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Boys
- Ethnic minorities
- Girls
- LGBTQI+
- Persons on the move
- Persons with disabilities
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Seemingly neutral laws, policies and practices can perpetuate already existing gender inequalities and discrimination against women. Substantive equality requires that laws, policies and practices do not maintain, but rather alleviate, the inherent disadvantage that women experience in exercising their right to sexual and reproductive health. Gender based stereotypes, assumptions and expectations related to women being the subordinates of men and their role being solely as caregivers and mothers, in particular, are obstacles to substantive gender equality, including the equal right to sexual and reproductive health, and need to be modified or eliminated, as does the role of men solely as heads of household and breadwinners. At the same time, special measures, both temporary and permanent, are necessary to accelerate the de facto equality of women and to protect maternity.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Men
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- Examples of violations of the obligation to respect include the establishment of legal barriers impeding access by individuals to sexual and reproductive health services, such as the criminalization of women undergoing abortions and the criminalization of consensual sexual activity between adults. Banning or denying access in practice to sexual and reproductive health services and medicines, such as emergency contraception, also violates the obligation to respect. Laws and policies that prescribe involuntary, coercive or forced medical interventions, including forced sterilization or mandatory HIV/AIDS, virginity or pregnancy testing, also violate the obligation to respect.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe
The right to sexual and reproductive health (Art. 12) 2016, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Violations of the obligation to protect occur when a State fails to take effective steps to prevent third parties from undermining the enjoyment of the right to sexual and reproductive health. This includes the failure to prohibit and take measures to prevent all forms of violence and coercion committed by private individuals and entities, including domestic violence, rape (including marital rape), sexual assault, abuse and harassment, including during conflict, post-conflict and transition situations; violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex persons or women seeking abortion or post-abortion care; harmful practices such as female genital mutilation, child and forced marriage, forced sterilization, forced abortion and forced pregnancy; and medically unnecessary, irreversible and involuntary surgery and treatment performed on intersex infants or children.
- Organe
- Committee on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights
- Type de document
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Thèmes
- Equality & Inclusion
- Harmful Practices
- Health
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- Children
- LGBTQI+
- Women
- Année
- 2016
Paragraphe