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United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 2. (2) (d)
- Paragraph text
- [Nevertheless, for the purposes of this Convention, the term forced or compulsory labour shall not include] any work or service exacted in cases of emergency, that is to say, in the event of war or of a calamity or threatened calamity, such as fire, flood, famine, earthquake, violent epidemic or epizootic diseases, invasion by animal, insect or vegetable pests, and in general any circumstance that would endanger the existence or the well-being of the whole or part of the population;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2018
Paragraphe
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 17. (1)
- Paragraph text
- [Before permitting recourse to forced or compulsory labour for works of construction or maintenance which entail the workers remaining at the workplaces for considerable periods, the competent authority shall satisfy itself] (1) that all necessary measures are taken to safeguard the health of the workers and to guarantee the necessary medical care, and, in particular, (a) that the workers are medically examined before commencing the work and at fixed intervals during the period of service, (b) that there is an adequate medical staff, provided with the dispensaries, infirmaries, hospitals and equipment necessary to meet all requirements, and (c) that the sanitary conditions of the workplaces, the supply of drinking water, food, fuel, and cooking utensils, and, where necessary, of housing and clothing, are satisfactory;
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2018
Paragraphe
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 18. (1)
- Paragraph text
- Forced or compulsory labour for the transport of persons or goods, such as the labour of porters or boatmen, shall be abolished within the shortest possible period. Meanwhile the competent authority shall promulgate regulations determining, inter alia, (a) that such labour shall only be employed for the purpose of facilitating the movement of officials of the administration, when on duty, or for the transport of Government stores, or, in cases of very urgent necessity, the transport of persons other than officials, (b) that the workers so employed shall be medically certified to be physically fit, where medical examination is possible, and that where such medical examination is not practicable the person employing such workers shall be held responsible for ensuring that they are physically fit and not suffering from any infectious or contagious disease, (c) the maximum load which these workers may carry, (d) the maximum distance from their homes to which they may be taken, (e) the maximum number of days per month or other period for which they may be taken, including the days spent in returning to their homes, and (f) the persons entitled to demand this form of forced or compulsory labour and the extent to which they are entitled to demand it.
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Persons on the move
- Année
- 2018
Paragraphe
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas 2018, para. 19. (1)
- Paragraph text
- 1. The competent authority shall only authorise recourse to compulsory cultivation as a method of precaution against famine or a deficiency of food supplies and always under the condition that the food or produce shall remain the property of the individuals or the community producing it.
- Organe
- United Nations Human Rights Council
- Type de document
- Resolution
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2018
Paragraphe
, Année internationale de l’élimination du travail des enfants (2019), para. 12
- Paragraph text
- 3. Invite l’Organisation internationale du Travail à faciliter la célébration de cette année internationale, dans le respect des dispositions de l’annexe de la résolution 1980/67 du Conseil économique et social ;
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
, Année internationale des fruits et des légumes (2020), para. 07
- Paragraph text
- Rappelant en outre sa résolution 73/165 du 17 décembre 2018 intitulée « Déclaration des Nations Unies sur les droits des paysans et des autres personnes travaillant dans les zones rurales »,
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
, Année internationale des fruits et des légumes (2020), para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Demandant aux États Membres de prendre des mesures efficaces, selon qu’il conviendra, pour favoriser l’intégration des petits agriculteurs aux chaînes mondiales de production, de valeur et d’approvisionnement relatives à la production et à la consommation durables de fruits et de légumes,
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
Ability of associations to access financial resources as a vital part of the right to freedom of association & Ability to hold peaceful assemblies as an integral component of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly 2013, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- Article 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereafter the Covenant) affirms that "everyone shall have the right to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests." Article 6 (f) of the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (General Assembly resolution 36/55) explicitly refers to the freedom to access funding, stating that the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief shall include, inter alia, the freedom "to solicit and receive voluntary financial and other contributions from individuals and institutions." On 21 March 2013, the Human Rights Council adopted resolution 22/6, in which it called upon States to ensure that reporting requirements "do not inhibit functional autonomy [of associations]" and "do not discriminatorily impose restrictions on potential sources of funding."
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and association
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to justice and the right to food: the way forward 2015, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Within the food and agriculture sector, approximately ten corporations control and monopolize the commercial seed and global pesticide markets, as well as food retailers. In addition to their financial power, TNCs significantly influence law and policymaking processes both at the international and national level. Similarly, IFIs exercise considerable influence over national decision-making in relation to food and agricultural policies. Many developing countries are compelled to implement projects that jeopardize economic, social, and cultural rights in return for economic and financial aid. In recent decades, there have been significant efforts to alter the policy approach undertaken by IFIs, especially the World Bank, in relation to supporting development projects that have a harmful effect on human rights and the environment. Moreover, bilateral, and regional foreign trade agreements have facilitated the privatization, deregulation and growth of extractive industries around the globe, a development that has had significant impacts on food security and health. Globalization has highlighted and exacerbated socioeconomic disparities throughout the world, with the result that global social inequality is not only expressed in terms of inter-State justice, but as implicating human rights obligations as well. States are
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2015
Paragraphe
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- For example, in many legal systems, economic, social and cultural rights are not sufficiently protected, and discrimination on the grounds of socioeconomic situation is not recognized. Similarly, issues such as abuses in the informal employment sector or the exploitation of tenants by landlords, all of which disproportionately affect persons living in poverty, are often not legislated against in an effective manner. Meanwhile, actions which are undertaken by persons living in poverty out of necessity, such as sleeping in public spaces or street vending, are criminalized. Hence, reforms aimed at improving access to justice by the poor must not neglect the need to modify or repeal certain laws or strengthen others.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Persons living in poverty face greater and disproportionate barriers and disincentives in accessing registration services, which are often geographically distant for them, time-consuming and unaffordable. The travel costs to access registration services are added to relatively high fees charged for the issuance of identity documents and to the working time lost. These costs are more burdensome for the poor.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Access to justice for people living in poverty 2012, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Take strong measures to eliminate corrupt practices in the justice system and in law enforcement, including the solicitation of bribes; such measures might include legislation criminalizing all forms of corrupt acts, dedicating resources to policing and prosecuting corrupt officials, requiring judges to make declarations of the assets, improving the working conditions and salaries of police and judicial officers, and improving mechanisms to ensure the transparency of judicial processes
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2012
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- Industrial uses of land and urbanization have also increased in recent years, further heightening the competition: 19.5 million hectares of farmland are converted annually into land for industrial and real estate development. Researchers have documented cases in which farmers' lands have been expropriated for mining projects or for the building of industrial plants, in conditions amounting to forced eviction with no or insufficient compensation. In certain regions, the expansion of industrial areas has taken the form of the establishment of special economic zones aimed at creating conditions favourable for the arrival of foreign investors. Large infrastructure projects such as dams and highways have also had an important impact, and a significant proportion of the communications sent to Governments by the Special Rapporteur during the period from 2003 to 2009 relates to evictions for such projects.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- Individual titling appears to matter less to the poor than security of tenure, reflecting the fact that "[a]t low levels of income and in the absence of other social security mechanisms, land serves as a social safety net for the rural poor and provides them their basic means of livelihood". In other words, while security of land tenure and recognition of land rights may correspond to strong demand, as illustrated by a number of country experiences, the same cannot be said of individual titling and the alienability of land. On the contrary, the limiting of land sales can protect smallholders from pressure to cede their land; it can also protect use rights regarding communal land and preserve communal forms of land management. There is growing experience with the use of low-cost, accessible tools for recording local land rights, or at least land transactions, to ensure security of tenure through the recognition of use rights rather than full ownership. Examples include the "Plan foncier rural", implemented in Benin and tested in Burkina Faso, and the $1 registration process leading to the issuance of certificates in some Ethiopian states. An interesting illustration of the decentralized management of land rights is Law 2005-019 of Madagascar, setting forth the status of land.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- There are strong arguments, however, in favour of land reform as contributing to the progressive realization of the human right to food, at least in contexts characterized by (a) a high degree of concentration of land ownership (such as a level of inequality higher than a Gini coefficient of 0.65), combined with (b) a significant level of rural poverty attributable to landlessness or the cultivation of excessively small plots of land by smallholders. The implication is that States should monitor existing inequalities in terms of access to land and, where both circumstances are present, should allocate the maximum available resources to agrarian reform schemes and implement those programmes in accordance with the principles of participation, transparency and accountability, to protect them from being appropriated by local elites. Where States fail to establish land redistribution schemes, they should provide justifications for not having done so.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 42a
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- [In order to ensure the enjoyment of the right to food, States should:] Implement the conclusions set out in the Final Declaration of the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development and prioritize "improved" State-led land redistribution programmes. States should implement land redistribution programmes where a high degree of land ownership concentration (which could be defined as a level of inequality higher than a Gini coefficient of 0.65) is combined with a significant level of rural poverty attributable to landlessness or to the cultivation of excessively small plots of land by smallholders. Redistributive agrarian reforms should: (a) include comprehensive rural development policies that follow the recommendations resulting from the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development, including extension systems, access to credit and agricultural research and support beneficiaries, provided with sufficient budgets; (b) make use of land ceiling laws and be based on legal frameworks that clearly define beneficiaries and exempted land; (c) encourage communal ownership systems, rather than focusing solely on individual beneficiaries; (d) be implemented in accordance with the principles of participation, transparency and accountability, in order to prevent their appropriation by local elites; (e) be grounded in constitutional provisions regarding the social functions of land, where such provisions exist. All States should monitor land inequalities before and after the implementation of such programmes;
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 43d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur also makes the following recommendations to the international community:] International human rights bodies should consolidate the right to land and take land issues fully into account when ensuring respect for the right to adequate food. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights could play a leading standard-setting role in clarifying the issue of land as a human right by issuing a general comment in that regard. Acting in their monitoring capacity, human rights bodies should examine the justifications offered by Governments that fail to put in place land redistribution programmes or policies with similar aims, despite the existence of a high degree of concentration of land ownership, combined with a significant level of rural poverty attributable to landlessness or inequitable land distribution.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2010
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Lack of data on the price difference between locally produced and imported medicines is also a drawback in promoting local production. To help determine the affordability of locally produced medicines in the long term, States should also collect disaggregated data on the prices of imported medicines in comparison to locally produced medicines.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- States which responded to the Special Rapporteur's survey reported on the use of price control mechanisms to promote affordability of medicines, particularly essential medicines. Accordingly, external reference pricing (ERP), therapeutic reference pricing (TRP), as well as the regulation of manufacturers' selling price and distributor's mark-ups, have been applied as the most common methods for setting a ceiling price for medicines. States also reported the use of competition law as the preferred indirect price control mechanism. Tax incentives to manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers and government subsidies to manufactures were indicated as other methods of indirect control used by States to control prices of medicines.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2013
Paragraphe
Accord aux fins de l'application des dispositions de la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer du 10 décembre 1982 relatives à la conservation et à la gestion des stocks de poissons dont les déplacements s'effectuent tant à l'intérieur qu'au-delà de zones économiques exclusives (stocks chevauchants) et des stocks de poissons grands migrateurs (1998), para. 04
- Paragraph text
- Considérant également l'importance de la pêche artisanale et de la pêche de subsistance,
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
Accord devant régir les relations entre l’Organisation des Nations Unies et la Commission préparatoire de l’Organisation du Traité d’interdiction complète des essais nucléaires (2000), para. 62
- Paragraph text
- 1. L’Organisation des Nations Unies et la Commission sont convenues de se consulter, chaque fois que cela est nécessaire, au sujet des questions d’intérêt commun relatives aux conditions d’emploi du personnel.
- Thèmes
- Droits & devoirs économiques
- Égalité & Inclusion
- Gouvernance & l'état de droit
- Personnes concernées
- Tout(es)
Paragraphe
Accord entre l’Organisation des Nations Unies et l’Organisation mondiale du tourisme (2004), para. 54
- Paragraph text
- 3. Les consultations visées au présent article auront également pour objet de déterminer la manière la plus équitable de financer l’assistance ou les services spéciaux fournis, sur leur demande, par l’Organisation mondiale du tourisme à l’Organisation des Nations Unies et réciproquement, sous réserve de la conclusion d’arrangements complémentaires à cet effet.
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Agroforestry or comparable techniques such as the use of leguminous-cover crops to fix nitrogen also have a huge potential. This matters particularly to the poorest farmers, who are least likely to be able to afford to buy inorganic fertilizers, and whom fertilizer distribution systems often do not reach, particularly since the private sector is unlikely to invest into the most remote areas where communication routes are poor and few economies of scale can be achieved. But it is also of great importance to low-income countries, which import to meet their inorganic fertilizer needs. In sub-Saharan Africa, part of the reason why the use of fertilizers is very low (average 13 kilograms (kg) of fertilizer nutrients per hectare) is because of the considerable fiscal costs involved in the import and distribution of fertilizers.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Agroecological practices require the supply of public goods such as extension services, storage facilities, rural infrastructure (roads, electricity, information and communication technologies) and therefore access to regional and local markets, access to credit and insurance against weather-related risks, agricultural research and development, education, and support to farmer's organizations and cooperatives. While this requires funding, the investment can be significantly more sustainable than the provision of private goods, such as fertilizers or pesticides that farmers can only afford so long as they are subsidized. While many efforts have been made since 2008 to reinvest in agriculture, too little attention has been paid to the differences between the various types of investment required and to understanding their impacts on the reduction of rural poverty. This has led World Bank economists to note that "underinvestment in agriculture is […] compounded by extensive misinvestment" with a bias towards the provision of private goods, sometimes motivated by political considerations. Research based on the study of 15 Latin American countries over the period 1985-2001 in which government subsidies for private goods was distinguished from expenditures in public goods indicated that, within a fixed national agriculture budget, a reallocation of 10 per cent of spending to supplying public goods increases agricultural per capita income by 5 per cent, while a 10 per cent increase in public spending on agriculture, keeping the spending composition constant, increases per capita agricultural income by only 2 per cent. In other words, "even without changing overall expenditures, governments can improve the economic performance of their agricultural sectors by devoting a greater share of those expenditures to social services and public goods instead of non-social subsidies." Thus, while the provision or subsidization of private goods may be necessary up to a point, the opportunity costs should be carefully considered.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Poverty
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- [As part of their obligation to devote the maximum of their available resources to the progressive realization of the right to food, States should implement public policies supporting the adoption of agroecological practices by:] improving the ability of producers practicing sustainable agriculture to access markets, using instruments such as public procurement, credit, farmers' markets, and creating a supportive trade and macroeconomic framework.
- Organe
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Type de document
- Special Procedures' report
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- Année
- 2011
Paragraphe
Action contre la corruption : aider les États à renforcer leurs capacités en vue de faciliter l’entrée en vigueur puis l’application de la Convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption (2005), para. 02
- Paragraph text
- Profondément préoccupée par l’impact de la corruption sur la stabilité politique, sociale et économique et le progrès des sociétés,
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
Action internationale contre la toxicomanie et la production illicite et le trafic de drogues (1998), para. 32
- Document
- Paragraph text
- 5. Souligne à nouveau le danger et la menace que font peser sur la société civile le trafic de drogues et ses liens avec le terrorisme, la criminalité transnationale, le blanchiment de l'argent et le commerce illégal d'armes, et engage les gouvernements à faire face à cette menace et à coopérer en vue d'empêcher le transfert de fonds à ceux qui se livrent à ces activités et entre eux;
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
Paragraphe
Action préventive et lutte contre la corruption et le transfert d’avoirs d’origine illicite et restitution de ces avoirs aux pays d’origine (2004), para. 05
- Paragraph text
- Prenant note de l’étude mondiale sur le transfert de fonds d’origine illicite, notamment ceux provenant d’actes de corruption, présentée par le Comité spécial chargé de négocier une convention contre la corruption 3 , où ce dernier constate l’importance des sommes en jeu, les difficultés économiques que connaissent les pays victimes de la corruption et les obstacles considérables auxquels ils se heurtent sur le chemin du redressement,
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe
Action préventive et lutte contre la corruption et le transfert d’avoirs d’origine illicite et restitution de ces avoirs aux pays d’origine (2004), para. 15
- Paragraph text
- 7. Engage tous les États Membres qui ne l’ont pas encore fait à adopter des lois visant à prévenir et combattre la corruption et le transfert d’avoirs acquis de façon illicite et à assurer la restitution desdits avoirs aux pays d’origine, conformément à la Convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption ;
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
- N.A.
Paragraphe
Action préventive et lutte contre la corruption et le transfert d’avoirs d’origine illicite et restitution de ces avoirs aux pays d’origine (2004), para. 16
- Paragraph text
- 8. Engage également tous les États Membres qui ne l’ont pas encore fait à imposer aux institutions financières de mettre en œuvre comme il convient des programmes complets en matière de devoir de précaution et de vigilance qui puissent favoriser la transparence et prévenir le placement de fonds acquis de façon illicite ;
- Thèmes
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personnes concernées
- All
Paragraphe