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Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Participation in the context of service provision relates to a range of decisions, including on the type, location and improvement of services and whether and how to involve the private sector. Lessons can also be drawn from community-led total sanitation. Finally, emergencies require special attention.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Since the start of the global financial crisis, the majority of European countries have cut their aid budgets; for example, Ireland announced a cut of nearly €100 million (a 10.6 per cent decrease) in its 2009 budget and Spain cut its aid budget globally by approximately 75 per cent. For the poorest countries, sustainable and predictable flows of funds are therefore unlikely to be forthcoming at least until the recession is over.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- States must allocate funding to operation and maintenance in times of stability to ensure that systems and facilities do not deteriorate. Not doing so creates a significant risk that in times of crisis the upkeep of systems will deteriorate to a point where previous investments in the infrastructure are lost.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Since 2010 cuts in public expenditure have been the most common reaction to the crisis in Europe. Budget consolidation plans have been introduced, inter alia, in Ireland, Greece, Portugal and Spain, with decreased public expenditure programmes introduced at the request of the European Central Bank, the European Commission, and the International Monetary Fund.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The provision of services and systems should be properly planned in a strategic manner, such that ongoing assessments of risks across the entire infrastructure are conducted. Services and systems must be appropriately financed for their full life cycle, including for operation, maintenance, repair and replacement. Technology must be appropriate for the given need and must also be appropriately maintained.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 15e
- Paragraph text
- [From a human rights standpoint, retrogressive measures are prohibited if they deliberately interfere with the progressive realization of rights. States must justify such measures according the following criteria:] Retrogressive measures should be temporary and short term in nature (E/C.12/ISL/CO/4, para. 6). Where implemented in times of crisis, they should cover only the period of the crisis;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Adding to the challenges, particularly in developing countries, decreases in foreign aid in times of economic crisis have restricted the ability of States to sustainably realize the rights to water and sanitation. The Special Rapporteur has previously outlined shortfalls in, and ineffective targeting of, overseas development aid (see A/66/255). These problems are exacerbated in times of crisis as donor countries decrease aid, unless additional measures are taken to ensure that marginalized people are prioritized in the allocation of the remaining aid.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- Where States reduce funding for water and sanitation, there can be major consequences for sustainability, both in growth and crisis periods. Reduction in expenditure can take many forms, such as reducing subsidies to people with low incomes or divesting from the monitoring of service provision. Private sector service providers may also diminish spending, in response to a decrease in revenues as a result of cuts in subsidies or increasing number of users unable to pay for water and sanitation services due to loss of jobs or social benefits in times of crisis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 54a
- Paragraph text
- [Where States adopt targeted measures, this also poses challenges. In practice, unfortunately, such measures often fail to reach the target population for a variety of reasons, including:] Target groups are not informed of the availability of subsidies or financial support;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Wastewater management in the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- It is important that measures be taken not only to build new facilities, but also to meet the challenges of coping with dysfunctional infrastructure. It is crucial that measures are taken to ensure operation and maintenance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Regulations should ensure that decisions on the type and location of services and on improvements to services are participatory and inclusive. Inclusiveness in this process is crucial, so that services are designed to respond to the needs of the population, including of those in vulnerable situations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- People must be involved in monitoring and evaluation and, ideally, in designing the relevant framework. Where States, donors, NGOs or other external actors undertake monitoring and evaluation without involving the people concerned, the findings - too often treated as confidential - should be made available.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The Brazilian experience in scenario-building provides an interesting example of a method that can be used, inter alia, to set targets. It relies on a broad-based participatory process as well as consultation with technical specialists. The stakeholders and experts are asked to estimate what targets would be realistic to achieve in a given time frame (until 2030), first based on existing trends regarding a number of indicators, but also adjusted to an increase in the budget.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- The human rights obligations of States are classified as obligations to respect, to protect and to fulfil. The obligation to respect requires that States’ regulatory frameworks refrain from interfering directly or indirectly with people’s existing access to water and sanitation. To that end, States must ensure that their regulatory framework prohibits disconnections from water and sanitation services due to users’ inability to pay, as it is a retrogressive measure and violates the human rights to water and sanitation, must ensure, when extending piped networks to informal settlements, that these services are affordable so as not to interfere with people’s access, and must avoid discriminatory or unaffordable increases in the price of water and sanitation services due to inadequate regulation. Furthermore, preparedness for situations of armed conflict, emergency situations, natural disasters and effects of climate change requires that States embrace in their regulatory frameworks the obligations relevant to water and sanitation provision pursuant to international humanitarian law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- In the water and sanitation sectors, accountability can also be enhanced, and the sustainability of the sectors improved, by fighting corruption and opaque decision-making by agencies lacking transparency. There are a variety of ways that States can work to address this, inter alia through integrity pacts between NGOs such as Transparency International and government agencies, and broad-based partnerships, which, among other things, seek to improve accountability at a local level. National human rights institutions are also engaged in a number of activities which help to foster greater accountability in the sectors. Where such mechanisms are established during times of "normalcy", they can be maintained during times of economic and financial crisis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In times of crisis, accountability may weaken even further when existing regulatory institutions become underfunded. Examples exist of independent regulators receiving reduced funding to perform more functions, creating concerns about how the regulator could effectively fulfil its mandate and ensure accountability. This can happen in times of either growth or crisis, but the consequences are greater when other accountability mechanisms are removed due to financial pressures. For example, under various different austerity measures, judges are paid less, civil servants are laid off, and resources for courts, police, and national human rights institutions, which are all important for accountability, are decreased.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sustainability and non-retrogression in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation 2013, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Committee also interprets the Covenant as imposing "minimum core obligations" to provide essential levels of each right, below which States are not permitted to regress. These are not static obligations, set at a single point in time. Rather, they must be considered over the long term, including with respect to the requirements of future generations. The Covenant obliges States to plan to ensure that a minimum level of each right will be enjoyed by all in years to come. Also, even if resources are highly constrained, such as during financial or economic crises, measures taken must include the use of targeted programmes aimed at those most at risk.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- Apart from assessing budget allocations from a human rights perspective, it is also essential to track expenditures, that is, determine whether the allocated budget has been utilized. If the projected budget has not been spent, this can indicate capacity problems. Such under-expenditure could be justified, though, with efficiency gains, that is, when the envisaged results have been achieved with fewer resources. Likewise, it will be important to track whether the resources have been spent in line with the priorities identified in the plan, and where this is not the case, to ascertain the reasons. These could relate to lack of capacity to spend resources, corrupt practices or other explanations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
18 shown of 18 entities