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Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Recent projects in Dar es Salaam (United Republic of Tanzania), Blantyre (Malawi), Chinhoyi (Zimbabwe) and Kitwe (Zambia) driven by slum or shack dweller federations seek to develop citywide sanitation provision in situations where households can only afford $3-$4 per month. They look into choices for low-income households, loan financing and the crucial role of engagement with local authorities from the outset.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Planning for the realization of the rights to water and sanitation 2011, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- For example, the planning process for the Rights-based Development Strategy 2006-2013 of the Kiseljak municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina aimed at the identification of development priorities in terms of human rights, and included an assessment of the water infrastructure in the municipality. As the assessment showed that the situation was most severe in the Hrastovi settlement, inhabited mostly by Roma, the municipality prioritized improving the infrastructure there.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Water & Sanitation
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Stigma and the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2012, para. 41
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- Stigma often finds its way into legislative and policy frameworks mirroring societal attitudes and prejudices. In many countries, stigmatization is reflected in the criminalization of work-related activities and practices or the lack of legal protection. For instance, the lack of protection creates a climate of impunity, invisibility and silence and violence against sex workers. They are often forced to work in unsafe environments, including in the outskirts of cities, with no access to services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Service regulation and human rights to water and sanitation 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- A growing number of regulatory bodies have been created in recent years. The Palestinian Water Sector Regulatory Council was established by Water Decree by Law No. 14 in 2014, and its mandate includes monitoring the performance of all service providers, approving water prices, issuing licences, setting qualitative standards and handling complaints. Similarly, in Portugal, Law No. 10/2014, establishing the Water and Waste Services Regulatory Authority, confers on the Authority monitoring and enforcement powers and the power to regulate, which apply to all service providers. This is also the case of Brazil, a federal State, which passed a National Water and Sanitation Act in 2007 that establishes guidelines for the creation of regulatory agencies at the municipal, intermunicipal or State level.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Affordability of water and sanitation services 2015, para. 33
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- Disconnection of services due to an inability to pay for the service is a retrogressive measure and constitutes a violation of the human rights to water and sanitation (Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 15 (2002) (E/C.12/2002/11), para. 44a). Disconnections are only permissible if it can be shown that households are able to pay but are not paying. The South African 1997 Water Services Act states that disconnections may not result in a lack of access to services for non-payment where the individual is unable to pay for basic services. More recently, France adopted the Brottes Law, which prohibits disconnections for inability to pay.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Different levels and types of services and the human rights to water and sanitation 2015, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- Any decisions on the adoption of certain technologies, types of services, management models and the prioritization between different measures must be taken on the basis of active, free and meaningful participation of all those concerned. South African courts have developed the concept of "meaningful engagement", which stipulates requirements for the process of decision-making. In the context of sanitation services, a court ruled that meaningful engagement requires consultation with authorized representatives following the sharing of information and technical support, where necessary. It also voiced concern that a majority within a community cannot approve arrangements in terms of which the fundamental rights of a vulnerable minority within that community will be violated. In doing so, the Court highlighted the essential role of inclusion in participatory processes to avoid that the process is captured by the elite, better-off, majority group (see A/69/213).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Common violations of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 72
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- Treaty bodies have increasingly addressed violations of extraterritorial obligations. The Human Rights Committee has called for the regulation and monitoring of corporate activities abroad that may violate human rights and for measures to ensure access to remedies in the event of such violations. Both the Human Rights Committee and the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights have expressed concern about the denial by Israel of access to water and sanitation and about the destruction of infrastructure in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. The Special Rapporteur recommends that increased attention be paid to violations of extraterritorial obligations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- An essential part of the budget cycle is determining whether allocations are spent as planned. Civil society can play a role in facilitating people's engagement in budget monitoring. WaterAid Nepal, for instance, has developed materials for assisting communities to monitor the Government's budgetary allocations to the water and sanitation sector. Another tool used to monitor government expenditure is the public expenditure tracking survey, a process through which residents can follow the flow of public funds. For instance, in the United Republic of Tanzania, communities use such tracking to monitor government spending of funds allocated for water and sanitation. They request explanations from the relevant authorities, which result in greater responsiveness and accountability. The methodology has received the support of the Government, which has promulgated a series of national guidelines for the process.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Water & Sanitation
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- Even where participatory budgeting has not been adopted, some principles must be applied to enable the public to play a role in decisions on raising revenue and allocating resources. Information on the budget and financing processes must be made accessible. There must be public deliberation on any trade-offs between the different options from which the Government must choose; what residents identify as priorities is sometimes dissociated from the action that service providers and/or Governments take. During her visit to Brazil, the Special Rapporteur encountered an example. Residents of the Complexo do Alemão in Rio de Janeiro identified water and sanitation as their priority. However, the Government prioritized the construction of a cable car in the settlement (A/HRC/27/55/Add.1, para. 95). Meaningful participation would demand that residents' views be given due weight and that their priorities not be dismissed.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Participation in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2014, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Another approach is having an explicit discussion on the rules for deliberation, accompanied by a conscious attempt to draw out the voices of marginalized individuals. Otherwise, the process can easily default to existing patterns and hierarchies, with their attendant unacknowledged communication protocols. Two different approaches demonstrate this. Villagers serving on health watch committees in Bangladesh were inducted through a series of workshops, at which they agreed on the rules of deliberation (when and how to speak, addressing every member with respect, etc.). The minutes of meetings of the health watch committees show evidence of genuine balanced deliberations, whereas a similar initiative, where no rules on deliberation were agreed, was dominated by the voices of medical professionals and members with higher social status.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
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