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Sexual education 2010, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- The right to comprehensive sexual education is also confirmed by recommendations and declarations of international bodies, as well as by documents reflecting the global consensus among States. For example, the Programme of Action adopted by the International Conference on Population and Development recognizes that sexual and reproductive health education must begin in primary school and continue through all levels of formal and non-formal education.3 The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has found that sexual education is more effective if given prior to first intercourse. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that it is crucial for sexual education to start early, especially in developing countries. The Organization has also provided specific guidance on how to incorporate sexual education into school curricula and recommends that sexual education should constitute a separate subject, rather than being incorporated into other subjects. In addition, comprehensive sexual education is a basic tool for achieving many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), such as promoting gender equality and empowering women (Goal 3), reducing child mortality (Goal 4), improving maternal health (Goal 5) and combating HIV/AIDS (Goal 6).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Provision of education through digital technology may also contribute to gender disparities. Currently, in developing countries, males are far more likely than females to own and use information and communications technologies. In low-to-middle-income countries, 25 per cent fewer women than men have Internet connectivity, and this gap rises to nearly 50 per cent in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) has called on the States parties “to denounce and punish such acts of violence and to continue to take all necessary action, including the dismantling of patriarchal barriers and entrenched gender stereotypes, to guarantee and to ensure that girls are able to enjoy their basic human right to education in every region of the world.”
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Women have historically been victims of social injustice and educational deprivation. The majority of those who are deprived of education today are girls and women, whereas they are entitled to education as much as boys. In some cases, they are prevented from attending schools by parents who see no value in educating daughters, or by religious extremists threatening them. Violence against women and girls impairs their right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Action at the national level should be supportive of legislative developments and specific laws for women's empowerment through education within the framework of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, as a follow up to the ministerial declaration of the high-level segment of the substantive session of 2010 of the Economic and Social Council.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- States should pay particular attention to the empowerment of women and girls in the provision of technical and vocational education and training, also encouraging them to choose non-traditional fields of education and careers. National policies should seek to eliminate gender stereotypes and barriers to the professional development of women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 87d
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of these conclusions, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States should]: In establishing the curriculum and the educational content of sexual education, provide for the inclusion and expansion of a holistic perspective that does not focus exclusively on biology and ensure that, inter alia, the gender dimension, human rights, new patterns of male behaviour, diversity and disability are included;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of the foregoing remarks, the Special Rapporteur considers that:] There are two modalities for the provision of sexual education: it may be provided as cross-cutting content or included as a separate subject in the curriculum. As noted above, the worldwide trend is provide it as a cross-cutting subject at the primary and, to a lesser extent, the secondary school level.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of the foregoing remarks, the Special Rapporteur considers that:] The Special Rapporteur has noted with particular concern various instances in which sexual education has been obstructed in the name of religious ideas and reiterates that systematic education acts as a guarantor of a democratic and pluralistic environment.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- The importance of the sexual diversity approach, which is linked to the gender perspective, should be emphasized. Regrettably, few sexual education programmes and curricula include this approach. The aforementioned Yogyakarta Principles are a fundamental tool for inclusion of the diversity perspective in the public policies that have to be taken into account in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- In the Americas, article 6 (b) of the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishment and Eradication of Violence against Women (Convention of Belém do Pará) states that the right of women to be free from violence includes the right "to be valued and educated free of stereotyped patterns of behaviour and social and cultural practices based on concepts of inferiority or subordination".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In order for sexual education to be comprehensive and to meet its goals, it must have a solid gender perspective. Many studies have shown that young people who believe in gender equality have better sexual lives. Conversely, when this is not the case, their intimate relations are generally marked by inequality. Sexual education should therefore focus on gender norms, roles and relationships.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 7
- Paragraph text
- As noted by the Special Rapporteur in paragraphs 17 and 18 of his report (E/CN.4/2006/45), patriarchalism is a system of social order imposing the supremacy of men over women, although it also determines strict roles for men and even divides the sexes against themselves. In addition to gender inequality, patriarchalism impedes social mobility and stratifies social hierarchies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In the Asia-Pacific region, sexual education tends to be provided via subjects such as biology, science and health. All the countries of the region claim that HIV education is included at the secondary level; six of them claim that it is included at the primary level and 13 include it in teacher training. However, in some countries of the region, sexual education is limited to its biological or moral aspects, ignoring the broad range of areas in which it affects people's lives.51
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- Efforts to ensure gender parity in education are particularly relevant in this context. Attention has been drawn to the pervasive harm of sexual violence during conflict, which directly and indirectly affects female teachers and students. Insecurity on the way to and from and within schools or colleges appears as a central element in the exclusion of girls from the education system. The lack of separate sanitary facilities in emergency schools can also constitute a major barrier to girls' education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of the foregoing remarks, the Special Rapporteur considers that:] Progress with regard to sexual education has been made in all regions; however, in general there is a worrying lack of comprehensive and sustainable public policies in this area; content is scattered throughout the educational curriculum; and the perspectives of rights, gender, sexual diversity, disability and non-discrimination are not incorporated into the provision of sexual education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- [On the basis of the foregoing remarks, the Special Rapporteur considers that:] The right to sexual education is particularly important to women's and girls' empowerment and to ensuring that they enjoy their human rights. It is therefore one of the best tools for dealing with the consequences of the system of patriarchal domination by changing social and cultural patterns of behaviour that affect men and women and tend to perpetuate discrimination and violence against women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- The male perspective has already been recognized for some years as an important dimension of gender analysis, and an area of action to promote gender equality. It should be borne in mind that patriarchy affects everyone by normalizing and stereotyping roles, thereby imposing needs and ways of being and feeling. But, like any social construct, it can be changed. This important and difficult task must be taken up by all men and women for reasons of gender solidarity and must therefore be tackled explicitly in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- In the case of Latin America and the Caribbean, gender issues are stated to be important at all levels. However, the regional average shows that countries are still not dealing with all aspects of sexual inequality in official programmes. Moreover, the question of discrimination based on sexual orientation or preference is practically omitted from school curricula in the region. Only Uruguay reports that it is included in all programmes, while Colombia and Argentina report that it is addressed in most programmes.45
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- As regards official curricula, in Latin America and the Caribbean information on sexuality is usually provided as cross-cutting content. According to a study of the handling of priority topics at the primary level, conducted by the National Public Health Institute of Cuernavaca, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago and Uruguay deal with all the relevant topics. Nine countries cover five of them; six consider four; five report that they cover three; and one covers only one of the six topics.45
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- As in all areas of education, sexual education must be adapted to different age groups and cultures. In addition, teaching strategies must be differentiated and flexible to meet the differing needs of female and male students, taking into account the fact that persons with special needs - such as young people not attending school or young married women - need to be taught about sexuality through methods other than formal education, as do adults who, often because of misconceptions, do not have a full sexual life.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Protection of the human right to comprehensive sexual education is especially important in ensuring the enjoyment of women's right to live free of violence and gender discrimination, given the historically unequal power relations between men and women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sexual education 2010, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is aware of the concerns surrounding the topic under discussion and wishes to affirm his respect for the wide range of opinions on the matter while emphasizing that the right to sexual education is grounded in human dignity and in international human rights law.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Issues and challenges to the right to education in the digital age 2016, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Digital technologies are ubiquitous only in principle; in real life, their presence is fractured by the digital divide.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 121
- Paragraph text
- Similarly, a universal goal related to women's empowerment should be closely linked to education as a fundamental right, with special measures in favour of women and girls in vulnerable and marginalized situations. Educating women and girls should, a priori, be viewed as a human rights imperative, rather than being undertaken solely because of potential benefits to their children or to society. States must develop "legislative developments" and adopt specific laws for women's empowerment through education within the framework of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur would like to note that the illustrative goal proposed in the report of the High-level Panel related to women's empowerment seems to be a regression as compared to the second Millennium Development Goal to promote gender equality, including in access to primary and secondary and technical education. Achieving a girl's right to education as a priority is an absolute requirement, as historically women have suffered from injustice, and girls and women constitute a majority of those who remain deprived of education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Report on the Post-2015 Education Agenda 2013, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- In the context of ongoing discussions, and pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 23/4, the right to education deserves foremost consideration in the post-2015 development agenda. Thus, an appraisal from a right-to-education perspective of a universal goal on education, and of other universal goals, notably on poverty eradication and on women's empowerment as proposed in the report of the High-level Panel, is crucial. The Special Rapporteur wishes to underline that all development goals are underpinned by educational dimensions, and must be looked at from such a perspective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 88f
- Paragraph text
- [Widespread concerns on quality in education call for strengthening national legal frameworks with a view to establishing and reinforcing standards for quality in education. To that end, the Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations:] Focus on the right to quality education for women’s empowerment: • States should pay particular attention to the quality of education offered to girls and women. Emphasis should be placed on giving concrete shape to the provisions laid down in the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- States’ obligations to ensure quality education for girls is further expounded in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which establishes women's right to education, both as entitlement and as empowerment. State parties thus have an obligation to ensure, on the basis of equality of men and women, access to education at all levels and in all its forms, including “access to the same curricula, the same examinations, teaching staff with qualifications of the same standard and school premises and equipment of the same quality” (art. 10 (b)).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) 2012, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- A number of other recent international meetings have further underlined the importance of technical and vocational education and training today. The Ministerial Declaration of the High-level Segment of the substantive session of the Economic and Social Council in 2011 recognized that "Education and training should contribute to sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth by developing requisite skills, in line with the labour market requirements and development needs of countries, taking into account the importance of gender equality and the empowerment of women in promoting sustainable development". It also underlined the importance of "Encouraging the provision and mainstreaming of skills development and training in technical, technological and vocational schools, taking into account national and local development needs, and in cooperation with relevant economic actors".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Year
- 2012
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph