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Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Laws restricting information about sexual and reproductive health and which censor discussions of homosexuality in the classroom fuel stigma and discrimination of vulnerable minorities. For example, laws and policies that promote abstinence-only education reduce sexual education to images and stereotypes of heteronormativity, given their focus on procreation; some of these programmes even contain explicitly discriminatory content on gender and sexual orientation. In certain instances, teachers have been suspended or threatened with lawsuits for engaging in discussions on "inappropriate" sexual matters with their students when discussing sexual and reproductive health issues in the classroom. In other cases, pursuant to abstinence-only and anti-obscenity policies, school districts, courts and legislators have prohibited civil society organizations from meeting in public schools. Such laws and policies perpetuate false and negative stereotypes concerning sexuality, alienate students of different sexual orientations and prevent students from making fully informed decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Ethnic minorities
- LGBTQI+
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- General Comment No. 14 places emphasis on access to information because it is a critical component of the right to health (ibid; footnote 8), and particularly guarantees access to sexual and reproductive health information. States are additionally required to provide adequate resources and refrain "from censoring, withholding or intentionally misrepresenting health-related information, including sexual education and information (see E/C.12/2000/14, para. 14)". The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has recommended that a comprehensive understanding of the content of sexual and reproductive education encompass the topics of reproductive rights, responsible sexual behaviour, sexual and reproductive health, prevention of sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, prevention of teenage pregnancies, and family planning, and stressed that education campaigns are urgently needed to combat harmful practices such as female genital mutilation. Comprehensive education and information on sexual and reproductive health is also useful in reducing knowledge gaps between men and women on these issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to mental health 2017, para. 92c
- Paragraph text
- [To address the imbalance of the biomedical approach in mental health services, the Special Rapporteur recommends that:] States partner with academic institutions to address the knowledge gap in rights-based and evidence-based mental health within medical education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Criminalisation of sexual and reproductive health 2011, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Adequate knowledge about sexual and reproductive health has repeatedly proved to be effecting in lowering rates of maternal mortality; preventing unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections; delaying the onset of sexual intercourse; increasing knowledge about family planning options; and protecting against gender-based violence (see E/C.12/2000/4, para. 21). Empowering women through comprehensive education and information on sexual and reproductive health is also imperative since young women often have less power or control in their relationships, which make them disproportionately vulnerable to coercion, abuse and exploitation. As a tool for empowerment and means to critically examine gender inequalities and stereotypes, comprehensive education and information also becomes a way of eroding deeply entrenched systems of patriarchy; such systems perpetuate violations of women's rights, including their right to health (see A/65/162, paras. 7-9). Providing women with knowledge and skills relating to their sexual and reproductive health, related education and information enhances their freedom in making informed health-related decisions, and promotes their equal participation in society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 88f
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur also urges other relevant stakeholders to:] Enhance transparency and avoid misusing the principle of academic autonomy when investments in health and health care are addressed, so that the integrity of academic medicine and its commitment to the realization of the right to health is not undermined.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 88c
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur also urges other relevant stakeholders to:] Strengthen measures to address corruption and unethical practices in the process of generation of knowledge through research, dissemination of such knowledge through medical education and the development of guidelines for diagnostics and treatment of health conditions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 101e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Create or update school-based physical education to ensure compliance with human rights standards;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The provision of education is a State obligation under article 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which should include physical education. The right of the child to education is also recognized in article 28 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Physical education is not limited to people of school age, however; it is confirmed in the International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport that every human being has a right to physical education, and that physical education, activity and sport programmes must inspire lifelong participation. This is bolstered by other human rights instruments, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women which explicitly obliges States to provide women with the same opportunities to participate actively in physical education as men. Accordingly, all States should take steps to update school curricula and other relevant policies to ensure compatibility with the relevant human rights instruments and the International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport. States should also take steps to facilitate or provide access to physical education for people who are not enrolled in formal education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 114c
- Paragraph text
- [In connection to substance use and drug control, the Special Rapporteur recommends that Governments:] Use the right to health framework to pursue strategies to prevent drug use among adolescents through evidence-based interventions as well as accurate and objective educational programmes and information campaigns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 113d
- Paragraph text
- [In connection to sexual and reproductive health rights, the Special Rapporteur recommends that Governments:] Guarantee the provision of age-appropriate, comprehensive and inclusive sexuality education, based on scientific evidence and human rights, as part of the school curriculum;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- Prevention cannot justify disproportionate infringements of adolescents' rights, including their rights to privacy, bodily integrity and education. States are encouraged to continue to restrict and, when necessary, ban alcohol and tobacco advertising, which has too often targeted young people.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Youth
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- Accordingly, the focus should be on building resilience, supporting parents, stimulating adequate help-seeking behaviours, creating positive peer groups and school environments, ensuring opportunities for influence and decision-making, increasing empowerment and emotional literacy. Furthermore, such programmes can also address risk behaviours such as bullying, suicidal behaviour, domestic violence and substance use.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Not only is adolescence a period of considerably enhanced cognitive development, it is also associated with greater self- and social awareness, and the ability to grapple with complexity and to take into consideration the perspectives of others. These developments have profound implications for adolescents' capacities to take increasing levels of responsibility for decision-making in respect of the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- During adolescence, the right to be heard and to be taken seriously transitions into the right to make autonomous decisions about one's health care and treatment. The concept of children's evolving capacities is an enabling principle addressing the process of maturation and learning through which children progressively acquire competencies and understanding.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health of adolescents 2016, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The health sector should take the lead in development plans for adolescents' right to health. However, intersectoral collaboration is vital, including among the education and social protection sectors, and right-to-health considerations must be integrated into relevant policies and strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 117
- Paragraph text
- The Edinburgh Declaration on medical education should be recalled and education and research reoriented to the basics of social medicine through training in community settings and fostering social sciences and qualitative methods, which are as relevant as biomedical sciences and quantitative research. That would help in restoring the balance with a holistic approach to promoting the health and well-being of individuals and societies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- However, given the overall low priority given to early childhood development reflected in low levels of funding for programmes, especially for children under 3 years of age, States should do their utmost to scale up investment in early childhood health and development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In this section, attention is drawn to specific norms of, and obligations deriving from, the right to health relevant to early childhood development. The vast majority of these standards are also relevant to measures addressing child survival. This approach underscores the benefits of addressing the right to survival and development in an integrated manner.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health in early childhood - Right to survival and development 2015, para. 3
- Paragraph text
- Health, survival and development are not sequential but are intrinsically linked and simultaneous processes. Early childhood programmes should continue to pursue objectives that include survival and health in the short term, but they should more consistently go beyond to embrace healthy development and health throughout life.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Access to medicines in the context of the right-to-health framework 2013, para. 75a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to rational and appropriate use of medicines and their quality, safety and efficacy, the Special Rapporteur recommends that States:] Develop and regularly update Standard Treatment Guidelines and ensure adequate training of prescribers as a part of continuing medical education policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Right to health and criminalization of same-sex conduct and sexual orientation, sex-work and HIV transmission 2010, para. 76e
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur calls upon States:] To provide human rights education for health professionals, and to create an environment conducive to collective action and participation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 88d
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur also urges other relevant stakeholders to:] Strengthen those elements in the medical education curriculum of future medical doctors that strengthen their knowledge and skills in order to prevent them from becoming involved in corrupt acts, unethical behaviour, reliance on excessive and unnecessary medical interventions, disease mongering, favouritism, informal payments and other practices that are either corrupt or increase the risk of corruption;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 116
- Paragraph text
- Strengthening the human rights dimension in health-care education curricula would be in the interests not only users of health services but also of medical doctors and other members of the health-care workforce. Medical education, as well as medical and health research, should help in providing tools to address imbalances when power asymmetries lead to too much focus on the tertiary level of health care, biomedical technologies and other components of the excessively exploited biomedical model.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Work of the mandate and priorities of the SR 2015, para. 115
- Paragraph text
- Education in the health-care sector is one important element in that regard. The doctrine of the "five star doctor" needs to be reaffirmed in the light of translating modern values and scientific evidence into everyday medical practice. Modern medical doctors need to be not only good clinicians but also effective community leaders, communicators, decision makers and managers. That doctrine should be complemented by a strong human rights-based approach and evidence gained from the modern public health approach.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Corruption and the right to health 2017, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- While medical doctors and other health-care workers are accountable and responsible for ethical conduct and non-corrupt behaviour, it is crucial that corrupt practices and institutional corruption do not affect decisions made at the level of academic medicine. Medical schools that train future medical doctors and carry out medical research and university hospitals that provide a tertiary level of health-care services and use expensive biomedical technologies have a key role in preventing corruption in the rest of the health-care system. It is very important to use the principle of academic autonomy in a responsible way. The academic medical elite has enormous power over decision-making and when they advise policymakers on how to invest resources proper accountability mechanisms need to be in place.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to mental health 2017, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Peer support, when not compromised, is an integral part of recovery-based services. It provides hope and empowers people to learn from each other, including through peer support networks, recovery colleges, club houses and peer-led crisis houses. Open Dialogue, a successful mental health system, has entirely replaced emergency, medicalized treatment in Lapland. Other non-coercive models include mental health crisis units, respite houses, community development models for social inclusion, personal ombudsmen, empowerment psychiatry and family support conferencing. The Soteria House project is a long-standing recovery-based model, which has been recreated in many countries. The increasing availability of alternatives and education and training on the use of non-consensual measures are critical indicators for measuring overall progress towards compliance with the right to health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The right to mental health 2017, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- The obligation to secure social determinants to promote mental health requires cross-sectoral action to ensure a robust commitment from all relevant ministries. For example, suicide prevention strategies are traditionally targeted towards high-risk groups and address clinical depression as a biomedical phenomenon, while cross-sectoral programmes that address the social and environmental determinants of suicide through population-based approaches show more promise. Bullying in schools is another phenomenon to be considered as a global and national public health priority. States should first and foremost address emotional and psychosocial environments, targeting relationships rather than individuals.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- States should take steps to establish frameworks and minimum standards of care and protection for children participating in sports to protect them from the risks of abuse, overtraining and violence and should promote guidelines for healthy participation in sport at all levels for minors. They should ensure that children and adolescents have recourse to effective, safe and child-sensitive counselling, reporting and complaints mechanisms, in the event of health rights violations. Moreover, children should only engage in intensive training programmes and/or professional sport at ages when their cognitive development is sufficient for them to understand the concept and implications of competition, in order to avoid negative impacts on their early development.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- States should take steps to disseminate information to populations on sport and healthy lifestyles. Such dissemination takes two primary forms: physical education, and awareness-raising through the media and other channels. States should raise awareness of the importance of physical activity (outside of formal education mechanisms) and should encourage individuals to participate through public health campaigns. Again, what is appropriate will vary based on the jurisdiction, but encouraging examples are provided by certain States, such as mass exercise on World Day for Physical Activity to promote participation in sport.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Sports and healthy lifestyles as contributing factors to the right to health 2016, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- The construction and maintenance of adequate public spaces for active transport and participation in physical activity is a core State responsibility. Provision of these public goods facilitates equitable adoption of healthy lifestyles, as individuals require few resources to utilize such facilities. For example, States should ensure that safe walking and cycling paths are available and accessible to all people to encourage increased pedestrian and cycling activity for transport and exercise. Similarly, States should provide "green spaces" for people to play sport, exercise, and engage in recreation, especially in the urban context. This is in accordance with the International Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport, which confirms that adequate and safe spaces, facilities and equipment are essential to quality physical education and activity, and sport (art. 8).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph