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Integration of a human rights-based approach in measures to discourage the demand that fosters all forms of exploitation of persons, especially women and children, and which leads to human trafficking 2013, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- United Nations agencies have also summarized the measures they perceived to be needed to discourage demand, noting that: Examples of measures to address the demand side are measures to broaden awareness; attention and gender-sensitive research into all forms of exploitation and forced labour and the factors that underpin its demand; to raise public awareness on products and services that are produced by exploitative and forced labour; to regulate, license and monitor private recruitment agencies; to sensitize employers not to engage victims of trafficking or forced labour in their supply chain, whether through subcontracting or directly in their production; to enforce labour standards through labour inspections and other relevant means; to support the organisation of workers; to increase the protection of the rights of migrant workers; and/or to criminalize the use of services of victims of trafficking or forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Gender
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Prejudices also reveal themselves in pay differences. Studies in Middle Eastern countries found, for instance, that Filipina migrant domestic workers are usually paid more than their more dark-skinned colleagues from South Asia or Africa.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Manifestations and causes of domestic servitude 2010, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- A precarious visa and immigration status, unfamiliarity with the local context and language and discrimination make migrant domestic workers particularly vulnerable to exploitation, abuse and subjugation to slavery-like practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Recruitment practices and the human rights of migrants 2015, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The precariousness of the situation of migrant workers can additionally lead to abuses of their economic, social and cultural rights. Housing can often lead to various human rights issues. In cases where employers offer housing, this can be used as an opportunity for further exploitation, as migrants are easier to control than local labour. In other cases, exploitative employers in countries of destination provide housing but this can be used to further control and exploit migrants, as it makes them readily available to perform work. In other cases, migrants can be left to finance their living and food costs independently. The need to minimize costs can lead migrants to live in extremely poor housing conditions, with many living in accommodation lacking basic infrastructure and services, including sanitation, electricity and potable water. Recruiters and subagents can also play a role in arranging and charging for housing, which can further increase their control over and exploitation of migrants. Access to other forms of social protection can also be problematic for migrants. Some migrants have access to healthcare provided through their employment, but this is highly variable, leaving many highly vulnerable if they experience problems with their health.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Water & Sanitation
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Human rights of migrants in the post-2015 development agenda 2014, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- A target on providing social protection to reduce the vulnerabilities of the poor, including marginalized groups, including migrants, is essential. Indicators could include the proportion of migrants with access to, and cross-border portability of, earned social benefits (e.g. pensions). Under article 9 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, States recognize the right of everyone to social security. In its general comment No. 19, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights defined the right to social security as encompassing "the right to access and maintain benefits, whether in cash or in kind, without discrimination in order to secure protection, inter alia, from (a) lack of work-related income caused by sickness, disability, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, old age, or death of a family member; (b) unaffordable access to health care; (c) insufficient family support, particularly for children and adult dependents". It went on to say that "the right to social security includes the right not to be subject to arbitrary and unreasonable restrictions of existing social security coverage, whether obtained publicly or privately, as well as the right to equal enjoyment of adequate protection from social risks and contingencies".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Impact of the criminalization of migration on the protection and enjoyment of human rights 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also welcomes the adoption of international frameworks for rights-based partnerships on migration management by international organizations and commends the global efforts of those organizations to create knowledge-sharing tools to promote a rights-based approach to migration management. He celebrates the adoption, in 2005, by the International Labour Organization (ILO) of its multilateral framework on labour migration, based on a set of non-binding principles and guidelines for a rights-based approach to labour migration. This initiative is based on research, global labour migration practices and principles contained in relevant international instruments and international and regional policy guidelines, including the International Agenda for Migration Management. It also includes the collection of examples of best practices, which have been broadly publicized by ILO. In the Special Rapporteur's view, the collection of good practices is a valuable means to provide practical guidance to Governments and other stakeholders with regard to the development, strengthening and implementation of more effective and rights-based national and international labour migration policies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Governance structures for internal displacement 2015, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- For durable solutions to be fully achieved, the economic, social and cultural rights of internally displaced persons must be fully respected and protected. Special measures may need to be implemented to ensure access to education, health services, livelihood opportunities, land and property rights for internally displaced persons, returnees and resettled persons on an equal basis with the non-displaced population. Local authorities have a special and ongoing role and need to work together with internally displaced persons, returnees and resettled persons to make social services more accessible to them. During his visit to Georgia in June 2013, the Special Rapporteur was informed that a revised action plan for the implementation of the State strategy on internally displaced persons 2012-2014 had been adopted. He welcomed the fact that this revised action plan contained a strong focus on socioeconomic measures for internally displaced persons. The action plan mandated a steering committee to, inter alia, support the socioeconomic integration of internally displaced persons, provide them with proper living conditions and durable housing solutions and eliminate their dependence on the State (A/HRC/26/33/Add.1).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2015
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Migration and the right to adequate housing 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- The living conditions of migrants housed by their employers, described above, fully applies to undocumented migrants in similar conditions. Indeed, because of their legal status, undocumented migrants are more likely to find themselves in this kind of working arrangement. Moreover, they are on many occasions subject to exploitative working conditions. Lacking formal recognition in the country of destination, undocumented migrants are unaccounted for and can often become victims of trafficking and slavery-like conditions. Cases have been widely reported of migrants whose employers steal their passports or national identity cards and force them to work and live in sweatshops, where they are housed in small overcrowded rooms and barred from leaving the premises. For example, in Argentina, migrants from neighbouring countries and their children have been found locked up and sleeping in small storerooms in the clandestine cloth factories in which they worked. It is worth recalling the responsibility of States to protect migrants who become trafficking victims from these hideous practices, as well as to prosecute and sanction the perpetrators and provide redress to the victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Strengthening voluntary standards for businesses on preventing and combating trafficking in persons and labour exploitation, especially in supply chains 2017, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The evaluation of the competence of the auditors is also a key concern. The level of understanding of the complexities of detecting trafficking in persons, forced labour and other types of labour exploitation varies among those in the industry. The skills required to, among other things, interview workers, and an auditor’s comprehensive understanding of the specific vulnerabilities of categories of workers, such as migrant or contract workers, are indispensable to ensuring adequate evaluations of a company’s performance on indicators related to trafficking in persons. Unfortunately, one single team of auditors is often charged with the evaluation of the complete set of indicators, including those on other issues, such as deforestation or corruption. It is unlikely that auditors with expertise in environmental concerns would have also the same level of experience in evaluating corporate practices that represent risk indicators of trafficking in persons or forced labour, especially considering the subtle ways in which such practices may be concealed and the fact that workers themselves may be unaware of the wrongfulness of corporate practices that are perceived as common businesses practices, such as compulsory overtime or the payment of recruitment fees.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially in women and children
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- A comprehensive, detailed national migration policy needs to be drawn up and implemented effectively in order to combat labour exploitation of migrants. The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and the Multilateral Framework on Labour Migration of the International Labour Organization (ILO) provides useful guidance in that respect.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- Much of the labour exploitation that migrants suffer is linked to recruitment agencies. In accordance with international human rights standards, private actors must, as a minimum, respect the human and labour rights of their workers. The private sector, including recruitment agencies and employers, plays an important role in the labour exploitation of migrants and must therefore be part of the solution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- In order to introduce a human rights-based approach to the mobility of human resources in the negotiation of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, States should, in partnership with the business communities involved, considerably enlarge the elements of human mobility and labour migration in trade negotiations, and representatives of migrants should be offered meaningful opportunities to comment on draft trade agreements as key stakeholders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- In the New York Declaration, States committed to “consider facilitating opportunities for safe, orderly and regular migration, including, as appropriate, employment creation, labour mobility at all skills levels, circular migration, family reunification and education-related opportunities”. In order to implement that commitment, they need to develop and implement long-term national migration policies, in line with their obligations under international human rights law, ensuring that regular, safe, affordable and accessible avenues are available for all migrants. The overall goal in terms of governing mobility is for most migrants to use regular channels to enter and stay in destination countries, thereby reducing considerably the size of the underground migrant smuggling market. States must recognize and address what may be termed as the pull factors of migration, such as unrecognized demands for low-skilled labour in economic sectors that are not met locally, and provide safe, regular, accessible and affordable migration channels to meet the demand for such low-skilled jobs. When regular migration channels fail to properly reflect labour market needs, migrants are more likely to be offered undocumented migration solutions by smuggling rings and unethical recruiters and become victims of exploitation and abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 37b
- Paragraph text
- [Solutions to human mobility needs can be developed along two major axes, as outlined by the Special Rapporteur in previous reports:] Recognizing real labour needs and opening up considerably more visa opportunities or visa-free travel programmes for migrant workers at all skill levels. With appropriate selection and organization, the numbers would be entirely manageable.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The first step in changing the collective mindset is to accept that migrants will come and go no matter what because of push and pull factors, which, on the whole, are not adequately addressed. Facilitating increased mobility and matching skills to labour needs, as in an accessible, regular, safe and affordable labour market, with appropriate visa systems and security controls, would ensure that most migrants would use regular mobility channels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The human rights of migrants on a 2035 agenda for facilitating human mobility 2017, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Many factors influence the decisions of migrants as to why, when, to where and how they want to migrate. The main push factors are poverty, violence, discrimination and poor governance. The main pull factors are official or unacknowledged labour needs and family reunification. Public discussion about these factors is, on the whole, extremely shallow, often constituting nothing more than scaremongering about “benefit scroungers” and migrants “stealing jobs”.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2017
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Debt bondage as a key form of contemporary slavery 2016, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- ILO estimated in 2012 that 20.9 million people worldwide were victims of forced labour. These figures refer to all forms of forced labour, however given the close interrelationship with debt bondage, the figures offer some insight into debt bondage prevalence trends globally. The Asia-Pacific region accounts for the highest absolute number of victims of forced labour: 11.7 million, or 56 per cent of the global total. The second-highest number is in Africa, with 3.7 million (18 per cent), followed by Latin America and the Caribbean, with 1.8 million (9 per cent). Developed economies and the European Union account for 1.5 million victims of forced labour (7 per cent), while the non-EU countries of Central, South-East and Eastern Europe and the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States have 1.6 million (7 per cent). In the Middle East, there are an estimated 600,000 victims (3 per cent). ILO has noted that the average period of time that victims spend in forced labour is approximately 18 months, with significant variation according to the forms of forced labour and across regions. The ILO data also illustrates that forced labour affects international migrants, internally displaced persons and people in their home countries. ILO estimates that there are 9.1 million victims (44 per cent) who have moved either internally or internationally, and 11.8 million (56 per cent) who are subjected to forced labour in their place of origin or residence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Challenges and lessons in combating contemporary forms of slavery 2013, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- One of the most important steps in ensuring the successful implementation of laws on contemporary forms of slavery is the provision of training to authorities, including law enforcement officers, labour inspectors, judges and immigration officials. Training should cover relevant law, victim protection mechanisms and techniques for identifying victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Child slavery in the artisanal mining and quarrying sector 2011, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- HIV/AIDS has had a huge impact on all of society, not least those subject to child slavery in mining and quarrying. In central and southern Africa the scourge of AIDS has left many orphans. This situation - coupled with the fact that there is already a lot of pressure on the disintegrating traditional extended family support system - means that many orphans end up working unaccompanied in this sector.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2011
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Contrary to popular misconceptions, in which the demand for sex with children is seen as coming from pedophiles alone, the demand is mostly generated by people who pay for sex. There is therefore no specific profile of the child sex exploiters since they can be from different socioeconomic backgrounds and professions, and include nationals and foreigners alike.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2013
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Minorities and discrimination based on caste and analogous systems of inherited status 2016, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The caste system migrated with the South Asian diaspora to other regions, including Africa (Mauritius, South Africa), Europe (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), the Americas (United States of America, Canada and Suriname), the Middle East (Bahrain, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates), Malaysia, Australia and the Pacific (Fiji).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Minorities in situations of humanitarian crises 2016, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- Minority groups fleeing crises can face disproportionate obstacles in terms of accessing labour markets, when they are in camps and once they are in host communities. Discrimination and fear is often at the origin of this challenge. The right to education can also be particularly impeded, especially for children who flee a crisis and enter a country where they do not know the language.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on minority issues
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- States have also collaborated to lower the human, social and economic costs of migration and expand opportunities for migrants to invest their earnings more productively. The Maya Declaration of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion unites over 57 financial service providers in emerging and developing economies to promote financial inclusion by, for example, lowering the costs of remittances and promoting digital financial services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur stresses the need for migrants to be able to seek remedies directly in public courts and tribunals: the independence of the judiciary and the type of public oversight that are guaranteed by the international human rights framework are essential to the preservation of fundamental rights. As has been discussed, the complex, opaque and multilayered nature of the current trade regime obscures migrants' knowledge of their rights, legal recourses and available remedies. Under the current dispute settlement mechanisms included in trade agreements, migrant workers submit to a separate, privatized standard in order to seek relief for trade infractions and are required to go through traditional, costly and more onerous administrative channels to obtain remedies. Migrants also become reliant upon States to pursue their claims where States may have separate, distinct and, at times, competing interests. Ensuring the availability of outlets to pursue remedies in public courts would increase State accountability and also inform public discourse about labour migration programmes and the treatment of migrant workers. It is also by removing barriers to justice that migrants will be empowered to independently pursue their own fundamental human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The European Union systematically conducts sustainability impact assessments (economic, social and environmental impact assessments) of all major multilateral and bilateral trade negotiations. The assessments offer projections for migration flows and specific considerations, depending on the trade partner, relating to skills, sector, visa provisions, wages, labour conditions and vulnerable social groups.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur stresses that, even with the emergence of bilateral labour mobility agreements intended to improve social protections and curb illicit activity, the systemic abuse of migrants has continued, accompanying irregular migration, migrant smuggling, forced labour, child labour and human trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
The impact of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements on the human rights of migrants 2016, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Even migrants with permanent status experience labour market disadvantages, discrimination, xenophobia and ill-treatment. Approximately 16 per cent of migrants employed in OECD countries are in low-wage jobs, compared to 7 per cent of nationals. This is not owing to low educational levels or training, as corresponding data indicates that many migrant workers are overqualified.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- In turn, the private sector must fully comply with all relevant international human rights and labour standards and fully implement the Respect, Protect and Remedy framework within the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in relation to migrant workers, by, inter alia, developing a zero-tolerance policy on the payment of recruitment fees by workers, auditing supply chains and ensuring human rights due diligence with all contractors and subcontractors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In this respect, States must ensure that exploitative employers are sanctioned and that migrants, including those in an irregular situation, are empowered to defend their own rights through effective access to justice in national courts, tribunals and dispute-settlement mechanisms, with the assistance of unions, interpreters and legal assistance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph
Developing the Global Compact on Migration 2016, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Destination States accept and become complicit in this economic normalization of the exploitation of migrant workers because of a desire to remain globally competitive. Countries of origin can also fail to negotiate adequate protections for their nationals owing to power imbalances between countries. Examples have been reported of countries of origin that have requested better treatment for their nationals only to see the number of their citizens obtaining visas as migrant workers drop.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2016
- Date added
- Aug 19, 2019
Paragraph