A/79/334 and sectoral approaches, which can reduce the effectiveness of their interventions. 30 Actors overseeing transitional justice should assess not only the needs and interests of internally displaced persons, but also their awareness of the transitional justice mechanisms available, in order to ensure their meaningful participation. 44. Truth commissions are important for countries emerging from conflict and fragility to address past abuses. The right to the truth implies knowing the full and complete truth as to the events that transpired, their specific circumstances, who participated in them and the circumstances under which the violations occurred and the reasons therefor. 31 It is especially critical to clarify the fate and whereabouts of people who have gone missing, not only to give internally displaced persons a sense of closure, but also because they may be unable to regain their property rights while the property holders are still missing. Truth commissions help in fulfilling those rights, as part of a comprehensive system that enables victims to understand the violations they may have experienced and seek appropriate remedy. Several truth commissions have engaged internally displaced persons as a priority group, although their role is often limited to delivering testimony rather than participating in the design of the commissions. 32 For internally displaced persons, truth commissions can not only recommend reparations and other remedies and promote rehabilitation and social cohesion, 33 but also, and most importantly, they allow for an investigation and analysis of the root causes of displacement during conflicts, including pre -existing poverty, structural discrimination and inequalities, thus laying the groundwork for corresponding measures to prevent the recurrence of such displacement. 45. Several truth commissions have specifically addressed internal displacement and have proven particularly instrumental in addressing housing, land and property issues that underpinned conflict and displacement. The Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission established in Kenya to investigate post-election violence in 2007 and 2008 that had led to the displacement of more than 350,000 people, held thematic hearings on internal displacement, including direct consultations with internally displaced persons. 34 In Yemen, the National Commission to Investigate Alleged Violations of Human Rights, mandated to investigate violations of human rights and international humanitarian law since 2011, carries out regular visits to camps for internally displaced persons as part of its work to document violations perpetrated during the current conflict. 35 The Truth and Dignity Commission established in Tunisia in 2011 examined historical instances of forced displacement on political grounds, as well as due to property expropriation. 36 46. Truth and reconciliation commissions can play an important role in addressing housing, land and property issues, which are not only of high salience to internally displaced persons but often represent an underlying driver of conflict. The Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission of Kenya found land-related injustices, including illegal acquisition of land by public and private actors, forced resettlement, forced evictions and land-grabbing, to be closely linked with ethnic violence, which was, in turn, linked to displacement. 37 In the Philippines, the Transitional Justice and Reconciliation Commission investigated “legitimate grievances” experienced by the people of Bangsamoro, which were defined as those grievances rooted or grounded in objective conditions and circumstances and encompassing acts of economic __________________ 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 24-15773 Submission by the International Organization for Migration (2024). See E/CN.4/2006/91. Submission by McGill University. See A/HRC/42/45. Report of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission, vol. IIC (2013), chap. 3, paras. 247–319. See www.nciye.org/en/?p=1556. See www.ivd.tn/rapport/. Report of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission, vol. III, chap. 1, paras. 85–93, and vol. IV, chap. 1, paras. 245 and 246. 13/24