A/79/334 international financial institution mandated specifically to address challenges related to migration and displacement, has provided grant and loan funding to repair and rebuild housing for internally displaced persons in Council of Europe member States, wi th a major focus on Ukraine in recent years, as well as in countries of the former Yugoslavia. Together with the Governments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia, as well as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refuge es, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and donors, the Bank implemented the Regional Housing Programme in the Balkans. Through the Programme, internally displaced persons and other vulnerable groups received secure housing, as well as access to personal documents, essential utility services, economic opportunities and social rights, thereby contributing to the restoration of mutual trust and the promotion of peace and stability in the region. 44 For Ukraine, the Council of Europe has also established a Register of Damage Caused by the Aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which will include registration of the damage inflicted on the property of internally displaced persons in Ukraine to enable future restitution claims under the European Convention of Human Rights. 45 51. Because displacement often occurs in contexts of poverty, reparation programs should be designed to contribute to reducing socioeconomic vulnerabilities and inequalities and improving long-term self-sufficiency. With regard to benefits, which can include access to higher education, livelihood support and cash grants, it is important to be mindful of the challenges that arise for victims whose only option is to resettle in urban areas, where they are at an even higher risk of being marginalized and living in poverty. 46 52. Social cohesion is another crucial enabling factor for durable solutions. It is essential that transitional justice mechanisms promote dialogue, understanding and collaboration to build harmonious relationships and reduce tensions. That factor applies between different groups of internally displaced persons that may settle in the same area, between internally displaced persons and host communities in instances where the former opt to integrate locally or settle elsewhere in the country and between internally displaced persons and their communities of origin when they choose to return after a conflict. Discovering the location of missing family members can be an important form of reparation, allowing internally displaced persons to re-establish their lives and move towards durable solutions. 53. Strong social cohesion enables the sustainable integration or reintegration of former internally displaced persons who can feel a sense of belonging and actively participate in social, economic and cultural activities. If tensions between internally displaced persons and local communities are not sufficiently addressed, there is a risk of further cycles of conflict and displacement. Efforts to build social cohesion must address the concerns of both receiving communities and internally displaced persons, as both groups may be facing similar challenges in rebuilding from conflict, and neither may fully understand the concerns and context of the other. Assistance programmes should be inclusive and conflict-sensitive and address the needs of both internally displaced persons and receiving communities holistically, through the provision of shared public goods rather than the provision of assistance solely to internally displaced persons, in order to avoid creating inequalities that may become grounds for new conflicts. 54. Access to mental health services and healing programs can help in addressing the psychological impacts of displacement. Unresolved trauma, anxiety and __________________ 44 45 46 24-15773 See https://regionalhousingprogramme.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/RHP-FinalStatement.pdf. Submission by the Council of Europe (2024). Submission by the International Center for Transitional Justice (2024). 15/24