A/HRC/RES/53/18 increased caring responsibilities and alarming levels of violence in the home and in wider society, Recalling the remarks of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the unique impact that the protracted issue of enforced disappearances and missing and arbitrarily detained persons has had on Syrian women,2 Noting with concern the findings of the Commission of Inquiry, including in its paper entitled “Gendered impact of the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic on women and girls”, that, throughout the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, women and girls have been targeted on the basis of their gender and that further harms have been inflicted through obstacles to exercising their rights, including property and inheritance rights and freedom of expression, and a lack of justice and redress for victims and survivors of sexual and gender-based violence, Noting with concern also that refugee and internally displaced Syrian women and children are disproportionately affected by the loss of livelihoods and other effects during displacement, including killings, physical, emotional, psychological and sexual abuse, neglect, movement restrictions, child, early and forced marriage, child labour and trafficking, and often lack access to food, quality education, a livelihood and health care, including mental health care, adequate hygiene, including menstrual hygiene, and health-care services, as well as services related to gender-based violence, Noting with grave concern that female detainees face additional challenges upon their release as a result of stigma in relation to sexual and gender-based violence, which often results in divorce, loss of documentation and custody of children, harassment and abuse, Reaffirming that parties to the armed conflict bear the primary responsibility to take appropriate measures to account for persons reported missing as a result of hostilities and to put in place appropriate channels enabling response and communication with families on the search process, and recalling Security Council resolution 2474 (2019) of 11 June 2019, in which the Council called upon parties to armed conflict to take appropriate measures to prevent persons from going missing as a result of armed conflict, Reiterating the crucial importance of women’s full, equal, meaningful, inclusive and safe participation and leadership in all peace efforts in order to secure sustainable peace and contribute to conflict prevention, conflict resolution and peace efforts, as outlined by the Security Council in its resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000 on women and peace and security and in all subsequent resolutions, Noting the need to ensure that measures to ensure justice and accountability for any crimes committed in the Syrian Arab Republic by all parties to the conflict are meaningful, inclusive and representative of the diverse experiences, perspectives and priorities of a broad range of victims and survivors, and in this regard welcoming the Gender Strategy and Implementation Plan of the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011 (2022), Expressing its deepest condolences for the victims of the earthquakes of February 2023 that affected approximately 8.8 million people in the Syrian Arab Republic,3 noting their impact, and expressing deep concern about the impact of the earthquakes on women and girls, which could put them at a greater risk of human rights violations and abuses in addition to the existing crisis as a result of over a decade of devastating conflict and the already deteriorating humanitarian situation, 1. Condemns the targeting of women and girls and discriminatory laws or practices on the basis of gender by any parties to the conflict, predominantly the Syrian regime; 2 3 2 www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2022/04/update-general-assembly-missing-persons-syria. See United Nations country team, Syrian Arab Republic, “Flash appeal: Syrian Arab Republic earthquake (February–May 2023)”, 18 February 2023.