Strategic objective G.1. Take measures to ensure women’s equal access to and full participation in power structures and decision-making Actions to be taken 190. By Governments: (a) Commit themselves to establishing the goal of gender balance in governmental bodies and committees, as well as in public administrative entities, and in the judiciary, including, inter alia, setting specific targets and implementing measures to substantially increase the number of women with a view to achieving equal representation of women and men, if necessary through positive action, in all governmental and public administration positions; (b) Take measures, including, where appropriate, in electoral systems that encourage political parties to integrate women in elective and non-elective public positions in the same proportion and at the same levels as men; (c) Protect and promote the equal rights of women and men to engage in political activities and to freedom of association, including membership in political parties and trade unions; (d) Review the differential impact of electoral systems on the political representation of women in elected bodies and consider, where appropriate, the adjustment or reform of those systems; (e) Monitor and evaluate progress in the representation of women through the regular collection, analysis and dissemination of quantitative and qualitative data on women and men at all levels in various decisionmaking positions in the public and private sectors, and disseminate data on the number of women and men employed at various levels in Governments on a yearly basis; ensure that women and men have equal access to the full range of public appointments and set up mechanisms within governmental structures for monitoring progress in this field; (f) Support non-governmental organizations and research institutes that conduct studies on women’s participation in and impact on decisionmaking and the decision-making environment; (g) Encourage greater involvement of indigenous women in decision-making at all levels; (h) Encourage and, where appropriate, ensure that government-funded organizations adopt non-discriminatory policies and practices in order to increase the number and raise the position of women in their organizations; (i) Recognize that shared work and parental responsibilities between women and men promote women’s increased participation in public life, and take appropriate measures to achieve this, including measures to reconcile family and professional life; (j) Aim at gender balance in the lists of national candidates nominated for election or appointment to United Nations bodies, specialized -81-