Search Tips
sorted by
30 shown of 1710 entities
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- Many kinds of media are used: live shows, photographs, films, compact discs (CDs), digital images recorded or distributed over the Internet or on mobile phones, social networks, as well as cartoons. The development of new technologies, which exponentially increases the opportunities to obtain, disseminate and sell this criminal material, has fostered worldwide growth in child pornography. These new technologies considerably broaden the scope of predators' activities by allowing them to stalk, recruit and exploit children all over the world. In chat rooms and blogs, child pornographers take advantage of their anonymity in order to solicit children for sexual purposes (grooming by means of information technology).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Despite their clear definitions, concepts often overlap. There are many links between the sale of children, trafficking in children, forced labour, child prostitution, sex tourism and child pornography. The exploitation of children for economic purposes often goes hand in hand with their exploitation for sexual purposes. The development of sex tourism almost invariably entails the development of child prostitution and child pornography (some abusers film their victims). In conflict zones, the recruitment of children for armed conflict is very often accompanied by the sexual exploitation of children, especially girls.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 123
- Paragraph text
- [This approach will make it possible to:] better understand and grasp the multidimensional nature of these phenomena and the vulnerabilities of certain groups of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- In the face of poverty, inaccessibility to basic social services and lack of opportunity, families find themselves unable to ensure the development and safety of their children. They adopt survival strategies that may endanger their children. Some parents emigrate in search of a better future, leaving their children behind, while some children emigrate on their own initiative or at their family's urging, and are handed over, for a fee, to exploiting individuals who push them into work. These children are more vulnerable to all forms of exploitation and abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Movement
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- It must not be forgotten that boys are also victims of abuse and sexual exploitation. Poverty, lack of opportunities and the development of sex tourism are the main causes. Where the latter is concerned, some foreign predators, both men and women, are interested solely in sexual relations with boys. There is still a strong taboo surrounding the subject of prostitution of boys, especially where homosexual relations are concerned. In some countries where homosexuality is an offence, a sexually exploited boy under 18 may be punished by law for homosexual relations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Men
- Women
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Conflicts affect the safety and well-being of the most vulnerable populations, particularly children as they negatively impact on living conditions by exacerbating economic crises, destroy infrastructure and cause massive displacements of people both internally and beyond national borders outside the country. The lack of a family environment, the destruction of social safety-nets, instability and a culture of impunity mean that children are more likely to be subjected to forced labour, sale and trafficking, recruitment into armed forces and armed groups, early marriage or sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 104
- Paragraph text
- Numerous national, regional and international efforts to prevent and combat these phenomena have unquestionably achieved some successes in providing protection for children. These include ratifications of conventions and protocols, legislative reforms, action plans, awareness activities and campaigns, the participation of children, child assistance and protection services, dismantling of criminal networks, involvement of the private sector within the context of corporate social responsibility, and regional and international cooperation efforts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 107
- Paragraph text
- Numerous legislative reforms have been undertaken. However, despite these efforts, legal gaps persist in many countries. Some national legislation does not clearly define the concept of the sale of children or the legal age of marriage, criminalize all forms of sexual exploitation of children (taking into account the age of sexual consent), provide for free forensic assistance for children and protection and compensation for child victims, and/or establish extraterritorial jurisdiction with respect to all crimes involving the sexual exploitation of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 118
- Paragraph text
- Numerous transnational actions are being undertaken, including cooperation among police forces to facilitate the exchange of information and expertise and the provision of technical and financial support to developing countries. These mechanisms and/or processes that facilitate coordination at the national, regional and international levels should be enhanced and expanded, particularly given that, owing to the development of information technologies, trafficking networks, tourism and migration, the sale and sexual exploitation of children transcend national boundaries.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The definition of "child" in article 1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child also applies to the Optional Protocol. Some countries define a child as an individual under the age of 18, but others take into account the age of criminal responsibility or the age of consent to sexual activity, which may vary between 13 and 16. In countries where prostitution is legal, the sexual exploitation of children who have reached the age of consent is not considered an offence and therefore such children are not identified as victims. In countries where prostitution is illegal, children who have reached the age of criminal responsibility and who are not found to have been the victims of pimps or traffickers are treated as offenders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- This Protocol supplements the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the key international instrument for the protection of the rights of children, and in particular the right to be protected from all forms of abuse, violence, abandonment and exploitation (see in particular, article 34 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which recognizes the right of children to be protected from all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse and that all exploited children are rights-holders under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, especially with regard to recovery and reintegration under article 39).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The fact is that, to some extent, street children are present in all the world's cities, including the largest and richest cities in the industrialized world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 114
- Paragraph text
- [Although the participation of children has gained increased visibility, progress must still be made on:] Taking the opinions of child victims into account;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The obligations of States parties contained in the Optional Protocol also concern the suppression of these crimes, covering questions such as extraterritorial jurisdiction, extradition and mutual legal assistance, as well as seizure and confiscation of proceeds and goods (articles 4 to 7). Article 8 concerns the protection of victims, article 9 has to do with prevention and article 10 with international cooperation. Implementation of the Optional Protocol must take into account the general principles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, that is, the right to non-discrimination (article 2); the best interests of the child (article 3); the right to survival and development (article 6); and the right of the child to express his or her own views freely in all matters affecting the child and to have due weight given to those views (article 12).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The scope of application of the Optional Protocol is not always properly interpreted, and, as a result, neither are its concepts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- Children of minorities have less access to basic social services and protections, and are more vulnerable to sale, trafficking and sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- This includes the "forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict" (pursuant to Convention No. 182 of the International Labour Organization (ILO) on the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour). The Committee on the Rights of the Child has found that the sale of children for use in armed conflict is covered by this provision of the Optional Protocol. The Committee has also found that the sale of children for use in camel racing can be considered to fall under the prohibition of the sale of children for their engagement in forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- Sex tourism involving children (the sexual exploitation of children by one or more persons travelling within their own country or to another, usually less developed, country in order to engage in sexual activities with children), while not clearly identified as an offence under article 3 of the Optional Protocol, is mentioned in the preamble and in article 10 on international cooperation. Sex tourism is directly linked to the offences covered by the Optional Protocol because it often involves child prostitution and child pornography (pimps often film children performing services) and may also involve the sale of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- [The relatively few statements and reports filed does not reflect the actual extent of these offences and can be explained by the following:] Failure to have recourse systematically to the police and the justice system owing to: lack of proper physical and human resources; the slow pace and cost of judicial proceedings; lack of awareness of the laws among children, families and communities; in some cases, lack of confidence in the justice system; the impunity of some offenders; fear of retaliation, stigma or social exclusion; lingering forms of cultural resistance; recourse to amicable settlement in some rural areas.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- [Child victims of sexual exploitation do not see prevention of HIV/AIDS as a priority because:] Having a regular clientele gives them reassurance.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- Particular attention was paid to follow-up to the recommendations made by the above-mentioned mechanisms as well as to those of the United Nations study on violence against children, the Millennium Development Goals and the Rio de Janeiro Declaration and Call for Action to Prevent and Stop Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents of World Congress III against the Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, held in Rio de Janeiro, November 2008, which commits Governments to pursue a set of specific, time-bound goals to prevent the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, to put an end to the practice and to protect exploited children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Early or forced marriage, which is not considered a form of exploitation, makes young girls more vulnerable to mistreatment and exploitation. It often results in their leaving school early and prevents them from acquiring the skills that could make them more independent. When girls flee a marriage, they most often find themselves with no education or source of livelihood, separated from their family environment and, therefore, in a situation of great vulnerability in which one of the sole means of survival is prostitution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Families
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- At all stages of migration (origin, transit, destination), migrant children are extremely vulnerable to sale, trafficking and sexual exploitation. Host communities often discriminate against and marginalize migrant children, especially those who are not registered, in particular, by denying them access to education and medical services. Because of their irregular status and their fear of being caught and deported, they are forced to adopt survival strategies, becoming more vulnerable to sexual exploitation and forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- Poverty remains the primary reason for the sale and sexual exploitation of children. It has been exacerbated by armed conflict, climate change (e.g. desertification, severe flooding), natural disasters and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. According to the 2010 MDG Global Monitoring Report published by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the number of people living on less than US $1.25 per day in developing regions fell from 1.8 billion in 1990 to 1.4 billion in 2005. Nevertheless, new World Bank estimates suggest that the crisis left 50 million more people in extreme poverty in 2009, a number which is expected to rise to 64 million by the end of 2010, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and East and South-East Asia.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Humanitarian
- Poverty
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Unregistered children have no access to services to which they are entitled, including protection, health care and education. Registering a child's birth is a vital step towards his or her protection. As an official document specifying a child's age, a birth record allows appropriate legal steps to be taken with a view to ensuring that child's protection and penalising offenders in confirmed cases of exploitation or sexual exploitation. Children who possess a birth record are less likely to be sold than those who do not. In addition, a birth record is an acknowledgement of parentage that can often guard against illegal adoption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- According to the World Bank, approximately one third of migrants from developing countries are young persons between the ages of 12 and 24.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Persons on the move
- Youth
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- The full extent of violence against children is unknowable, because it most often takes place secretly within the families and no complaint is made. According to the Secretary-General's Study on Violence against Children and to data from the UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre (2006), between 500 million and 1.5 billion children are subjected to violence every year. Often, children who are exposed to violence or are witnesses of acts of violence say nothing for fear of reprisals or exclusion, and many of them accept violence as being part of their lives. Thus, these acts of violence are not always experienced or perceived as such by all. Children respond to them with silence and submission. As a result, violence has a tendency to become normalized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 119
- Paragraph text
- Concerning the establishment by 2013 of mechanisms for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, taking into account general comment No. 2 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, some countries have mechanisms in place, but many others still do not have such mechanisms. These mechanisms should be enhanced where they already exist and should be put in place where necessary. Their role is to ensure the protection of children, the restitution of their rights, independent monitoring of the strategies and policies being implemented and advocacy for the strengthening of legal frameworks and, where necessary, to ensure that child victims have appropriate legal remedies, including the possibility of filing complaints.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- [The relatively few statements and reports filed does not reflect the actual extent of these offences and can be explained by the following:]
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph
Effective Implementation of the OPSC 2010, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- The actual scope of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography remains difficult to determine. We must step up our efforts to address these gaps, because well-publicized legislation that clearly defines these offences, easy access to the justice system and to redress and follow-up mechanisms for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, reliable information systems and effective coordination of the exchange of information will improve the prospects of achieving concrete results in the protection of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2010
Paragraph