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A practical approach to addressing the sale and sexual exploitation of children
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- A/HRC/49/51
Document
A thematic study on the exploitation and sexual abuse of children in the context of travel and tourism, including a closer look at the phenomena of voluntourism
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2023
- Document code
- A/78/137
Document
Addressing the vulnerabilities of children to sale and sexual exploitation in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2022
- Document code
- A/77/140
Document
Approach, vision and work methods
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2014
- Document code
- A/69/262
Document
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 8
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur intends to ensure the continuity of the work of her predecessors, maintaining and building on their activities and accomplishments. She will seek to consolidate their efforts and will explore new directions in which to develop the mandate based on her vision, expertise and experience. The Special Rapporteur wishes to pay tribute to her predecessor, Najat Maalla M'jid, for her contribution and commitment to increasing knowledge and awareness of the scourge of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, for her constructive dialogue and action-oriented recommendations during and after country visits and for strengthening cooperation with civil society and non-governmental organizations. She is also to be commended for having consulted children and taken their views into account in her work, with the ultimate goal of making specific changes in their lives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 9
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to take a consultative and participatory approach in the implementation of her mandate, as required by Human Rights Council resolution 7/13. She will engage in constructive dialogue with Member States and strengthen partnerships with United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, international and regional organizations, national human rights institution, civil society, non-governmental organizations, children's rights organizations and institutions, the business sector and academic institutions. Her intention is to act as a facilitator of action-oriented dialogue between key stakeholders at the local, national, regional and international levels. The Special Rapporteur is aware that her mandate is the only one stemming from the Council with an exclusive focus on children, and she intends to fulfil the ensuing responsibility through the development of close ties of cooperation with relevant stakeholders in order to achieve the objectives of the mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will adopt a child-centred approach in the implementation of her mandate. All activities to prevent and combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children will be designed and developed incorporating the four principles enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, namely non-discrimination (art. 2), the best interests of the child (art. 3), the right to life, survival and development (art. 6) and respect for the views of the child (art. 12). Children will not be seen exclusively as passive recipients, victims or dependants, but will be treated as rights holders and citizens who are entitled to be heard and to have their views taken seriously. This will be ensured through the adoption of child participation mechanisms in her methods of work, such as the use of child-sensitive and appropriate information, child-friendly spaces and forums, children's involvement in research and data collection, empowerment of child-led organizations and peer initiatives, and child participation in developing and monitoring child protection projects and policies. Such participatory mechanisms will enable the Special Rapporteur to reach out to children and those working and living with them and to take their opinions and suggestions into account in a meaningful way in her recommendations to promote and defend children's rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will integrate a gender perspective throughout her work, as mandated by resolution 7/13. She considers that sensitivity to the ways in which the phenomena of the sale and sexual exploitation of children affects boys and girls differently is essential for proposing effective recommendations. In this respect, she will take into consideration the gender dimension of sexual exploitation which, according to available data, disproportionately affects girls. The Special Rapporteur will take into account the different needs and opportunities of boys and girls through, among other things, the collection and analysis of disaggregated data and propose gender-specific recommendations for their care and recovery.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is aware of the various bodies and mechanisms within the United Nations system dealing with situations and violations affecting children. As required by resolution 7/13, she intends to work in close coordination with them in order to ensure complementarity and avoid unnecessary duplication. In respect of the special procedures mandate holders who address cross-cutting issues and concerns relating to her mandate, such as the Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, the Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, the Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice, the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants and the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, she intends to discuss and develop with them joint methods of work, such as the presentation of joint thematic reports, the conducting of coordinated country visits, the issuance of joint communications and the organization of joint awareness-raising activities. The Special Rapporteur will also deploy efforts to mainstream the protection and promotion of children's rights within the special procedures system, while according priority to certain issues and concerns that need to be tackled in a coordinated manner in order to enhance their impact when bringing particular situations to the attention of Governments and other stakeholders concerned. Her ultimate goal is to ensure that all mandate holders take a common approach towards addressing the impact of legislative and policy measures on children and their rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 13
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will also seek to enhance cooperation with the Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children in Armed Conflict, whose thematic mandates are by their nature bound up with the issues of sale and sexual exploitation of children. Modalities for cooperation may include regularly sharing information, coordinating activities and conducting joint actions, including issuing joint reports and organizing joint awareness-raising events. The Special Rapporteur will also look to strengthen interaction and cooperation with relevant regional mechanisms, in particular the Special Rapporteur on Rights of Women in Africa of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Office of the Rapporteur on the Rights of the Child of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In addition, she will advocate the development of a permanent regional mechanism dedicated specifically to the promotion and protection of children's rights in Asia and the Pacific.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The scope of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur is determined by the resolutions on the establishment and renewal of the mandate, in particular Commission on Human Rights resolution 1990/68 and Human Rights Council resolution 7/13. Hence, the Special Rapporteur will continue to analyse the root causes of the sale and sexual exploitation of children; address all the contributing factors, including demand; make recommendations on preventing and combating new patterns of the phenomena; identify and promote good practices on measures to combat them; promote comprehensive prevention strategies; and make recommendations on aspects relating to the rehabilitation of child victims.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to apply a broad interpretation of the scope of her mandate on the basis of the aforementioned resolutions, which require her, among other things, to consider matters relating to the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and to make recommendations on the promotion and protection of the human rights of children who are actual or potential victims. Consequently, in line with the work of her predecessors, the Special Rapporteur will continue to address issues relating to the sexual abuse of, violence against and exploitation of children, with the ultimate goal of promoting a greater level of protection by the stakeholders concerned, in particular Member States. She intends to remain alert to emerging trends and specific aspects of the phenomena and to study the threats and risk factors that enhance the vulnerability of children to them, with the aim of proposing and promoting comprehensive strategies and good practices to combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children effectively.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur's framework for action is also guided by the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Although she intends to use the definitions provided by articles 2 and 3 of the Optional Protocol as a reference, the Special Rapporteur will continue to address the various aspects and forms of sexual abuse, violence and exploitation directed at children that fall within the scope of her mandate, beyond those guaranteed by the Optional Protocol, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the protection of children from sale and sexual exploitation. Similarly, the Special Rapporteur will be guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the core international human rights treaty specifically related to her mandate, which sets the international norms and standards regarding children's rights. The Special Rapporteur will also take into account general comments and decisions of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, which assist in interpreting the scope and meaning of specific articles, provisions and themes of the Convention. To the extent that the situations covered by her mandate are multifaceted and could have implications for the enjoyment of a wide range of human rights, the other core international human rights treaties also provide a natural legal framework for the mandate, as does the jurisprudence of the relevant treaty monitoring bodies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Other international child rights instruments complement the Convention and the Optional Protocol and provide detailed norms and standards with a view to prohibiting, preventing and responding to the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. They include the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the Convention; the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), of the International Labour Organization (ILO); the ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138); the ILO Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and its Protocol of 2014 adopted to address gaps in implementation of the Convention and reaffirm that measures of prevention, protection and remedies were necessary to achieve the effective and sustained elimination of forced labour; and the Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- At the regional level, relevant instruments relating to the mandate include the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Inter-American Convention on International Traffic in Minors and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will also take into account decisive commitments and standards on children adopted at the international level, in particular the Rio de Janeiro Declaration and Call for Action to Prevent and Stop Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents (2008), the Yokohama Global Commitment (2001) and the Stockholm Declaration and Agenda for Action against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (1996).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to address endemic situations and emerging threats relating to the sale and sexual exploitation of children, with the aim of preventing and combating the phenomena and providing children with human rights-compliant protection, care and recovery. The Special Rapporteur will therefore examine issues, trends and effects relating to the sexual exploitation of children online; sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism, including in the context of major sports events; child prostitution, child pornography and child trafficking for sale and sexual exploitation; and sale of children for the purposes of illegal adoption, transfer of organs, child marriage and forced labour.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will carry out her mandate in compliance with the code of conduct for special procedures mandate holders annexed to Human Rights Council resolution 5/2 and the manual of operations of the special procedures of the Council as adopted at the fifteenth annual meeting of special procedures mandate holders, held in June 2008 (A/HRC/10/24, chap. V.A). The Special Rapporteur will discharge her functions with complete independence and in accordance with the terms of her mandate, through dialogue and cooperation with all stakeholders, with the objective of preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children from a human rights perspective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- For the strategic implementation of her mandate, the Special Rapporteur intends to maximize the potential of established methods of work of the special procedures system. Pursuant to the resolutions creating and renewing her mandate, she will present annual thematic reports to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly, conduct country visits and make recommendations directed at Governments and concerned stakeholders, send communications, including urgent appeals, on allegations of violations and engage with relevant stakeholders, such as children's rights organizations and institutions, for awareness-raising and advocacy activities in order to facilitate the achievement of the objectives of her mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will pay particular attention to the follow-up of her various activities, in particular country visits and communications, on the basis of information gathered from Governments, local partners, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and the business sector regarding the effective implementation of her and her predecessors' recommendations. For this purpose, as stated above, she will develop sustained partnerships with all stakeholders through exchanges of information, preparation of country visits, contributions to thematic reports and organization of workshops and seminars, provided that her mandate is supported with adequate resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will continue to take a holistic approach towards effectively combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children. This involves promoting the design and implementation of comprehensive strategies and programmes of action aimed at the establishment of rights-based national child protection systems, which encompass awareness-raising, prevention, sexual education, law enactment and enforcement, collection and analysis of reliable data, birth registration, detection, investigation, prosecution, punishment and treatment of perpetrators, child-sensitive counselling, complaint and reporting mechanisms, care, recovery and social integration of child victims and, in general, the promotion of children's rights. The Special Rapporteur will aim to propose specific and achievable recommendations, promote good practices and successful initiatives and facilitate transnational cooperation and increased corporate social responsibility. In this respect, the Special Rapporteur intends to support efforts by Member States to prevent and combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children and to increase visibility of their positive results and achievements with the aim of promoting their replication in other parts of the world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Building upon the work of her predecessors, the Special Rapporteur intends to conduct research and present her first thematic report on the issue of information and communications technology and sexual exploitation of children. In that report, she will update the studies presented on the topic by her predecessors in 2005 (E/CN.4/2005/78 and Corr.2) and 2009 (A/HRC/12/23) and aim to reflect new trends, challenges, threats and responses to the phenomenon, including various types of child abuse and exploitation facilitated by information and communications technology, available legal instruments and good practices that assist in preventing and combating the phenomenon, and the role that the business sector and non-governmental organizations can play therein.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur also intends to develop, through research and thematic studies, other issues that directly affect her mandate, such as the consequences and impact of sale and sexual exploitation on child victims and the development of adequate comprehensive care to facilitate their recovery and reintegration. In addition, she will conduct research on a problem that has been the focus of the mandate since its creation by the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1999/68, namely the sale of children for the purposes of illegal adoption. The Special Rapporteur also plans to present a thematic report on the demand factor underpinning the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography that will update the 2006 thematic report on the topic (E/CN.4/2006/67). While the Special Rapporteur intends to accord priority to thematic studies on those issues, she will also continue to cover and follow up on other thematic concerns addressed by her predecessors, such as the issue of sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism, including in the context of major sports events, and the sale and sexual exploitation of children following humanitarian crises stemming from natural disasters and climate-related catastrophes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will carry out a preliminary analysis in order to select countries for visits, on the basis of a series of criteria developed by the special procedures system. The selection criteria include indicators such as whether visits have already been requested by her predecessors, follow-up to previous visits, communications sent by the mandate holder, implementation of effective programmes to prevent and combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children, ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and reporting status, countries scheduled to undergo the second cycle of the universal periodic review, invitations from States, and proposals from OHCHR field presences, United Nations funds and programmes, specialized agencies and non-governmental organizations on the basis of reliable reports of violations of children's rights falling within the scope of the mandate. The selection of the countries to be visited will reflect a geographical balance and will tackle the transnational dimension of the phenomena.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- As part of her commitment to continuing the work of her predecessors, the Special Rapporteur will accord priority to a country visit to India, whose Government agreed in 2012 to a visit requested by her predecessor. The Special Rapporteur will seek confirmation of new dates to conduct a country visit in the first half of 2015. Similarly, she intends to renew requests for visits sent by her predecessor, emphasizing the value of the visits for the implementation of her mandate. The Special Rapporteur will also send new requests for visits to other countries that may be selected as a result of the above-mentioned analysis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- The main purpose of the country visits is to propose specific recommendations to the Governments and other stakeholders concerned on protecting children's rights and preventing violations and to assist them in better preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children. The Special Rapporteur will place particular emphasis on follow-up to recommendations made in her own reports, in addition to those made by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, provided that they fall within the scope of her mandate. In addition, the Special Rapporteur will maximize the opportunities offered by country visits to enhance the preventive role of the special procedures system by highlighting situations that have the potential to degenerate into gross human rights violations and international crimes, while assisting States in their protection responsibilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur is aware of the challenge of explaining to interested stakeholders, such as victims and children's organizations and institutions, the terms and scope of her mandate and its specificities vis-à-vis other mechanisms that address children's issues. Consequently, the Special Rapporteur will step up efforts to improve understanding of her mandate in order to avoid confusion and obtain relevant information on allegations of violations and human rights concerns regarding legislation, policies and practices that fall within the scope of her mandate. This will enable her to react to allegations by means of communications to the Governments and other stakeholders concerned. In addition, the Special Rapporteur intends to develop substantive criteria that will govern the taking of action on a case or situation, in accordance with the strategic implementation of the mandate entrusted to her and provided that the admissibility criteria laid out in the code of conduct and the manual of operations are met. The purpose is to maximize the potential of communications as a prevention and protection tool of the special procedures system.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will produce and disseminate, through her web page and other communications tools accessible to children, child-friendly material on the scope of the mandate, the type of allegations that she can address and the working methods available to respond to them. The material will be targeted at actual and potential victims, organizations and institutions working with children and other partners at the international, regional and local levels. The aim is to derive the maximum benefit from the information gathered by these entities in their daily work, to bring violations to the attention of Governments or other stakeholders concerned and to urge them to protect children and their rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will promote, facilitate and organize awareness-raising and advocacy activities on thematic priorities and issues of concern in relation to her mandate in order to enhance knowledge and visibility around them and call for the eradication and prevention of sale and sexual exploitation of children. The aforementioned thematic priorities and advocacy issues will guide the participation and support of the Special Rapporteur in various seminars, conferences and other events, which she will use to exchange information on relevant developments, identify and share good practices and successful initiatives and create synergies for advocacy purposes. The Special Rapporteur will also issue press statements on the occasion of relevant international days, including jointly with other special procedures mandate holders and child protection mechanisms and bodies, to alert stakeholders concerned of the need to address specific human rights issues relating to her mandate.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will maximize awareness-raising opportunities offered by two commemorative dates in 2015, namely the twenty-fifth anniversary of the creation of the mandate on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography and the fifteenth anniversary of the adoption of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography by the General Assembly in its resolution 54/263. The Special Rapporteur will organize awareness-raising activities around those anniversaries to call for the ratification and effective implementation of international instruments aimed at stopping the sale and sexual exploitation of children. In addition, 2016 will mark the twentieth anniversary of the first World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children, and the Special Rapporteur intends to support relevant advocacy activities calling for the implementation of the political commitments adopted at that and subsequent world congresses.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- Apart from raising awareness on thematic priorities that are directly affected by her mandate, the Special Rapporteur intends to work in close coordination and cooperation with relevant special procedures mandate holders and other international and regional mechanisms to engage in advocacy for cross-cutting issues of concern. Issues for joint advocacy efforts include preventing and ending child and forced marriage and protecting unaccompanied migrant children, street children and children with albinism from violence and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- In addition, the Special Rapporteur will continue to work on advocacy priorities developed by her predecessors, namely the universal ratification of the optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the non-criminalization of child victims of sexual exploitation. She will continue to urge States that have not already done so to ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, joining efforts with the United Nations Children's Fund, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Children in Armed Conflict. Moreover, she will support common efforts to promote the ratification and implementation of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, which entered into force on 14 April 2014. Regarding non-criminalization of child victims, the Special Rapporteur will continue to urge States to review all aspects of national legislation that may affect children and ensure that they are not criminalized, penalized or stigmatized for having been victims of sexual abuse or exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will also devote advocacy efforts to raising awareness of the fact that, under certain circumstances, the sale and sexual exploitation of children can amount to international crimes, including war crimes and crimes against humanity. In such cases, she will call for perpetrators to be held accountable, through appropriate human rights- compliant justice mechanisms, at the national or international level, with the ultimate goal of bringing them to justice and providing redress to victims. The Special Rapporteur is convinced that ensuring accountability for those crimes can have a deterrent effect and will send a strong signal that such grave crimes deeply shock the conscience of humanity. At the same time, in her advocacy work the Special Rapporteur will insist on the responsibility of States to protect rights holders by adopting preventive measures, including legislation that criminalizes those horrendous acts.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- Lastly, the Special Rapporteur will closely follow negotiations on sustainable development goals and the post-2015 development agenda in order to support efforts and build partnerships to ensure that child protection issues are included in the outcome document, and that the goal of putting an end to sexual abuse, violence and exploitation directed against children becomes a reality by 2030.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- In the present report, her first to the General Assembly, the newly appointed Special Rapporteur has endeavoured to provide an outline of her initial reflections on the mandate and the strategic directions that she plans to take during her three-year tenure.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur intends to ensure the continuity of the work of her predecessors. She will seek to consolidate their efforts and will explore new directions in which to develop the mandate. She will continue to adopt a consultative, participatory, child-centred and holistic approach in the implementation of her mandate and will integrate a gender perspective throughout her work.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur will strive to ensure coordination and complementarity with relevant special procedures mandates and other United Nations mechanisms and bodies. She will make every effort to mainstream the protection and promotion of children's rights within the special procedures system, and will advocate human rights-based approaches in the work of United Nations agencies, funds and programmes that address child protection issues. She will also seek to enhance cooperation with regional mechanisms on children's rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Approach, vision and work methods 2014, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The year 2015 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the establishment of the mandate on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Its continuous renewal underscores the need for the international community to step up efforts to combat the increasing phenomena of sexual abuse and exploitation of children. To properly discharge her functions and ensure the effective implementation of her mandate, stronger support, through the allocation of sufficient means and resources, will be key in the coming years, in particular to ensure appropriate follow-up to her recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2014
Paragraph
Child participation
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2012
- Document code
- A/67/291
Document
Child participation 2012, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- While the Convention on the Rights of the Child does not explicitly include a right to participation, it contains a cluster of articles considered to be "participation articles". The term "participation" has been adopted by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the wider child rights community to describe the realization of the rights enshrined in those articles. Article 12 of the Convention states that every child capable of forming views has the right to express those views freely in all matters affecting him or her and that those views must be given due weight in accordance with the child's age and maturity. This is not only a fundamental right, but also a guiding principle of the Convention. Article 5 points out that, when providing direction and guidance in the exercise by children of their rights, parents and other guardians must take into consideration the evolving capacities of children. Articles 13 to 17 further address the child's right to freedom of expression, thought, conscience, religion, association, peaceful assembly, protection of privacy and access to information and material.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography states, in article 8 (1) (c), that the views, needs and concerns of child victims should be represented and considered in proceedings where their personal interests are affected and, in article 9 (2), that the participation of the community and, in particular, children and child victims, should be encouraged in education and training programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 16
- Paragraph text
- The Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation, 1999 (No. 190), under the auspices of the International Labour Organization, also states that the programmes of action referred to in the Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (Convention No. 182) should be designed and implemented in consultation with, and taking into consideration the views of, children directly affected by the worst forms of child labour (para. 2). The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, requires States to provide assistance to enable the views and concerns of victims of trafficking to be presented and considered at appropriate stages of criminal proceedings against offenders (art. 6 (2) (b)).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- The Stockholm Declaration and Agenda for Action against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, adopted at the first World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, held in Stockholm from 27 to 31 August 1996, included a significant commitment to the participation of children and young people. While this commitment was reaffirmed at the second World Congress, held in Yokohama, Japan, from 17 to 20 December 2001, the third World Congress, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 25 to 28 November 2008, promoted an even broader agenda on children's civil rights and children's active role as citizens. Child participation was also an essential component of the report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (A/61/299) and constitutes one of its overarching recommendations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- In addition, numerous regional instruments encourage the participation of children in the development and implementation of State policies, programmes and other initiatives and in the protection of, and provision of support to, child victims/survivors.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- Various guiding principles and standards have been developed by United Nations agencies and other international organizations, such as the Practice Standards in Children's Participation produced by Save the Children in 2005 and the Minimum Standards for Consulting with Children developed by the Inter-Agency Working Group on Children's Participation (comprising ECPAT International, Knowing Children, Plan, Save the Children, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Regional Office for East Asia and the Pacific, and World Vision Asia Pacific) in 2007. The latter were developed to improve the quality of consultations, maintain consistency and minimize potential abuse and exploitation during participation. They were designed to be applicable in various contexts and to describe the minimum expectations of behaviour by adults and children at consultation events.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20a
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Institutionalization of permanent and sustainable mechanisms for the participation of children in decision-making processes relating to all matters of their concern;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20b
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Allocation of adequate budgets and resources to support meaningful and sustainable child participation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20c
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Presence of effective, professionally trained, qualified and confident adult staff and support personnel;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20d
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Establishment of, and adherence to, ethical standards and child rights principles that include transparency and accountability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20e
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Availability of, and access to, well-publicized, gender-sensitive and appropriate information that is suitable for all children (including very young children, children with disabilities, indigenous children and children from ethnic and linguistic minorities and other marginalized groups);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20f
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Establishment and maintenance of a safe and child-friendly environment that ensures the protection and safety of children and the enhanced recovery and skill development of any child victim/survivor participating;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20g
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Equality of opportunity and guaranteed participation of children from vulnerable, marginalized and at-risk groups, including children with disabilities, children in street situations and children living in extreme poverty, in rural and remote areas or within alternative care settings, making sure to avoid the participation and representation of children from only privileged backgrounds;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20h
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Voluntary and informed participation of child representatives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20i
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Empowerment of child-led organizations and peer initiatives to enable children to develop and carry out their activities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20j
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Regular and independent monitoring and evaluation of the quality, sustainability and accountability of mechanisms and practices;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 20k
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with these international human rights principles and standards and ensure:] Systematization of children's participation in all monitoring and evaluation activities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- In addition, children must be provided with child-friendly and accessible feedback on their participation through immediate and clear statements on the impact and value of their contributions, the decisions that they have taken and the next steps. This enables children to understand the outcome and use of their contributions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- Numerous initiatives have been launched by stakeholders throughout the world to secure child participation in preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children. In the present section, the Special Rapporteur provides a brief overview of practices that have led to specific changes in ways of working with children as partners. Preference was given to documented practices relating specifically to the subject of the present report, bearing in mind geographical representation. Although these examples are not exhaustive and may need to be adapted to suit particular contexts, many are worth replicating.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- In accordance with article 17 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a child has the right to gain access to appropriate information and material. Gaining access to information is often the first step in the participation process, given that it allows an informed child to voice his or her opinion. In the context of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, this information is often delicate and must therefore take into consideration, and sometimes challenge, cultural and context-specific sensitivities. It is equally important, targeting the children who are most at risk and hard to reach, to ensure the broad geographical and linguistic reach of information tools and mechanisms. Consideration must also be given to the particular communication needs of children with disabilities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 24
- Paragraph text
- Education programmes have been developed in schools and represent a wide-reaching and potentially sustainable method of informing children. From 2008 to 2011, Barnardo's, a charity founded in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1866 to care for vulnerable children and young people, delivered a preventative education programme on child sexual exploitation intended to improve awareness and understanding of and response to sexual exploitation and to strengthen the confidence and ability of children and young people to resist unwanted sexual experiences. The programme, which included training and awareness-raising sessions, targeted local safeguarding children boards, schools and residential units from 25 London boroughs. In total, it involved 4,723 young people and 820 professionals. According to the final evaluation, published in 2011, half of the children involved demonstrated progress in identifying risk factors and safety strategies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 25
- Paragraph text
- Children at the Nzeve Deaf Children's Centre in Mutare, Zimbabwe, found that an existing manual on sexual and reproductive health education was not particularly user-friendly for hearing-impaired children and did not deal with some of their specific vulnerabilities. Accordingly, the centre worked in collaboration with the children to adapt the manual specifically to their use. After incorporating the changes suggested by the children, the centre took the revised materials back to the children for further feedback. This step was important because the children could see that their suggestions had been incorporated, giving them a sense of ownership of the document and encouraging them to provide further ideas and recommendations. Meanwhile, the process of reviewing the document multiple times helped the children to absorb and retain important information on sexual and reproductive health education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- Helplines have been set up as a safety net for children in many countries and should be an essential component of any information-sharing and reporting strategy on violence against and abuse and exploitation of children. These toll-free numbers provide children with information and immediate confidential support and link them with appropriate services. According to data provided by Child Helpline International, more than 14.5 million children (or adults on behalf of children) contacted helplines around the world in 2008. With the continuously expanding use of information and communications technology, including mobile telephony, text messaging, instant messaging and the Internet, some barriers preventing children from making use of existing helplines are being overcome.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Another popular, inexpensive and accessible medium to raise awareness and share information is theatre. In Ukraine, a programme for young people known as the "Gender Interactive Theatre", which was developed by the School of Equal Opportunities, uses interactive theatre methods to raise awareness of social issues such as trafficking, HIV/AIDS, drug abuse and violence prevention. Based on peer education through creative arts, it encourages the participation of diverse groups of children as actors and audience. Interactive theatre has become extremely popular with young people in Ukraine and the model has been replicated in Belarus.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 28
- Paragraph text
- In Guatemala, peer educators at the Education Programme for Working Children and Adolescents, an institution of some 1,800 students providing education to working children, created a mural to raise awareness. The aim of this microproject was to ensure that young people and adolescents were aware of the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children. It provided a fun and interactive way to discuss the sensitive issues of commercial sexual exploitation of children, trafficking of children and HIV/AIDS with the most at-risk young people.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Education
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- At the fourth Arab Civil Society Forum for Children, organized by the Arab Council for Childhood and Development and Save the Children International and held in July 2012 in Beirut, children from Lebanon, Yemen and the West Bank highlighted the importance of children's participation in prevention and protection from child sexual abuse. Child presenters, aged from 14 to 15 years, spoke about their experiences with peer learning and demonstrated with puppets, theatre, animations, songs and skits the tools that they had learned to express themselves.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- Print and broadcast information are shared with children in many forms, including leaflets, cards, booklets, posters and television and radio broadcasts. These can form part of specific time-bound campaigns or continuing initiatives to raise awareness of and promote existing services such as helplines. They are produced using age-appropriate language, images, cartoons and attractive designs. In the context of its "ONE in FIVE" campaign to stop sexual violence against children, the Council of Europe created a character named Kiko, who appears in books, television spots and other materials, helping children, parents and carers to prevent, identify and appropriately respond to the sexual abuse of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 31
- Paragraph text
- Animated short films are an effective and attractive medium to convey difficult messages. One such example is Two Little Girls, which was made by the Poppy Project in the United Kingdom in consultation with a group of young Albanian women who were trafficked into the country. It is part of a trafficking prevention and public awareness-raising campaign, aimed at girls and young women in 13 countries in Eastern Europe who are at risk of being trafficked for sexual exploitation. It warns them of the dangers of being persuaded to travel abroad with false promises of employment, only to find themselves sold into commercial sexual exploitation. Other good examples have been produced using the "Animate it" method promoted by Save the Children Sweden, which allows children to design and produce animated films about issues that concern them.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 32
- Paragraph text
- In 2005, Al-Jazeera launched a pan-Arab children's channel directed at children between the ages of 7 and 15 years. It shows thematic documentaries on educational topics and debates that allow Arab children to express their views and ideas. Its bilingual and interactive website (www.jcctv.net) also provides a wide range of multimedia and digital content and tools that enable children to upload images and videos and discuss issues of concern with others. In January 2010, a video-on-demand service (www.taalam.tv) was launched by the channel as an educational device to allow students to learn in a more stimulating and interactive way. The service has already reached more than 100,000 students in 178 schools. It contains specific sections on children's rights, including rights against domestic abuse.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- Children can make their voices heard in various contexts and at various levels, including at the individual level, where they require empowerment to participate in everyday decisions affecting them. Participation can be formal or informal, initiated by children themselves, by adults or by both jointly. It can be permanent or temporary. Examples include children's clubs, youth groups, associations, student councils, youth forums, children's parliaments and blogs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- In Mexico, the Mechita Club provides activities for children who are living and working in La Merced market, Mexico City, and are at high risk of exploitation. Through the club, children create and perform in plays, act as spokespersons to raise awareness in their communities and engage in other educational activities. Children aged between 7 and 13 years also produce a monthly bulletin that provides information to the community about their activities and raises awareness of issues related to child rights and the risks of sexual exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- The third Mekong Youth Forum on Human Trafficking and Migration was held in Bangkok in October 2010, organized with the support of the Government of Thailand, Save the Children UK, World Vision International, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking. It included children from Cambodia, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Thailand and Viet Nam, some of whom were survivors of commercial sexual exploitation. Under the auspices of the Forum, the children participated in national and regional consultations organized to evaluate existing activities focused on combating human trafficking and made recommendations for policy improvements, including in relation to the participation of young people and accountability of policymakers. The recommendations of the Forum were presented at an international meeting to review the progress of the third World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, organized by ECPAT International and held in Bangkok in October 2010.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- The "Be-free" programme works under the umbrella of the Bahrain Women Association for Human Development and has since 2009 developed an environment that encourages the participation of children and young people in identifying issues and areas that might lead to risks of abuse and exploitation for them or their peers. It also helps children and teenagers to find practical and effective solutions to and ways to protect themselves from abuse and exploitation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- At the international level, UNICEF has a recently modernized blog entitled "Voices of Youth" (http://voicesofyouth.org), which enables young people to learn more about and share their thoughts and opinions on issues affecting their world. Online discussions encompass such social issues as education, environment, violence and conflict, HIV/AIDS, health and human rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 38
- Paragraph text
- Children have been involved in the development and execution of projects to prevent and combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children around the world.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 39
- Paragraph text
- In the Czech Republic, for example, the Ecumenical Network for Youth Action is a partnership of churches, related associations and networks that runs a programme to tackle trafficking, forced prostitution and sexual abuse of children and young people in Eastern and Central Europe. It includes interactive training seminars, prevention programmes and strategies for the establishment of independent homes for young people that are co-managed with children living on the street. The network has also developed specialized peer leadership programmes to promote the full inclusion of young people in efforts to combat commercial sexual exploitation of children. These have been successful in providing an opportunity for young people to become involved, take responsibility and seek alternative lifestyles and opportunities to improve their lives.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- The youth section of the All-Ukrainian Network against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children consists of 25 children and young people. As part of a campaign launched by the Body Shop to stop sex trafficking of children and young people, the section gathered more than 55,000 signatures (half of which were from children) on a petition to change those Ukrainian laws that were not fully compliant with the provisions of the Optional Protocol. Consequently, a comprehensive bill to prohibit commercial sexual exploitation of children was registered in the parliament and presented to the Ombudsman for Children under the President of Ukraine.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The "What works for us" project in the United Kingdom is a joint initiative by ECPAT UK, the National Working Group for Sexually Exploited Children and Young People and Barnardo's that was launched in January 2010. It brings together young people from around the country to participate in national consultations involving leading organizations, such as the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (a national law enforcement agency that focuses on tackling the sexual abuse of children), to assess and discuss programmes, policies and services regarding the prevention of and protection of children from sexual exploitation and to help to inform the development of relevant practice and policy. The young people involved have become recognized as a high-level advisory group and have participated actively in the development of relevant practice and policy. They attended a meeting in Parliament in June 2011 to highlight gaps in response to sexual exploitation and presented research findings to the Children's Commissioner for England in September 2011.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The Child Protection Alliance in the Gambia has institutionalized the participation of children and young people in its work. They are involved in programme design and implementation, including advocacy and prevention work in relation to commercial sexual exploitation of children. A children's advocacy group, Voice of the Young, is consulted and involved in all decision-making processes within the organization. It is active in mobilizing and building the capacity of children and young people, including through training in child rights and protection issues. It hosts talk shows on issues related to child protection, including commercial sexual exploitation of children, on national radio and television stations. It also organizes a quarterly meeting of young people from diverse groups around the country to discuss issues of concern to children. The final declaration of that meeting is transmitted to the Government. It has also set up 24 clubs in rural schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 43
- Paragraph text
- The Global Youth Partnership Project against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children is aimed at improving the lives of affected children by empowering survivors and those at risk to advocate their own right to be protected. Through leadership training sessions led by young people, peer support programmes, microprojects led by young people and improvements in shelter care services, children learn how to better protect themselves and others while actively lobbying Governments to uphold their commitments to combating the commercial sexual exploitation of children. The psychosocial impact of the initiative is manifested in the participating children's increased resilience, confidence, creativity, self-esteem and social and life skills.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- In 2009, the International Catholic Child Bureau brought together three of its partners from South and South-East Asia (Reaching the Unreached Trust in India, Aawaaj in Nepal and Community Child Based Organization in Cambodia) to reflect on and learn from their work and experiences in relation to efforts to combat child sexual exploitation. The group met annually and, in 2012, produced a manual drawing on the testimony and experience of children and adult survivors of sexual abuse, along with that of the non-governmental organizations that had supported them. The involvement of children in the project highlighted the best ways to approach survivors of sexual abuse, given that the non-governmental organizations could see which factors had genuinely helped their recovery. The group discovered that relationships of trust, respect and ensuring the dignity of each child were absolutely necessary to improve resilience in survivors of sexual abuse. The participation of children made it possible to understand the best way for that to be achieved.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- The rapid development of the Internet and new technology has provided new channels through which to raise children's awareness of the subject of sale and sexual exploitation of children. These channels may, however, also be abused and increase the risks of exploitation for children using them. In a study on safe habits in the use of smartphones by Spanish children and adolescents carried out by Orange and the National Institute of Communication Technologies in 2011, it was found that 3.8 per cent of children questioned had received telephone calls or text messages from unknown adults wanting to meet them (indicating possible grooming). Of concern was the fact that children were over seven times more worried about excessive expenditure on telephone bills than about being contacted by a stranger.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- In Kenya, the Africa representative of the ECPAT International Child and Youth Advisory Committee, in collaboration with other young people, coordinated a campaign entitled "Make-IT-safe", intended to protect children from pornography. The campaign, aimed at raising awareness about violence in cyberspace, involved a petition-signing day that included online signing and distribution of T-shirts and stickers. This stimulated public interest in learning more about the issue and in setting up systems encouraging cybercafe owners to monitor content accessed by children and to ban the viewing of pornography on their premises. The campaign also attracted the attention of police and Government representatives. Following this initial success, young people brought the campaign to other parts of the country, working with cybercafe owners to set up monitoring systems and raising awareness of safe use of the Internet in schools and universities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- The "Safer Internet centres" initiative, part of a European Commission programme, works in partnership with panels of young people (children aged from 14 to 17 years) on campaigns, awareness-raising materials and Internet safety. In the Netherlands, for example, Digiraad (http://dedigiraad.nl) is an advisory committee comprising young people who advise the Ministry of Economic Affairs about issues pertaining to Internet safety. They also test information materials to ensure that, as the main target group for these materials, their opinion is taken into account. They post their advice on their website, where other young people can also comment through an online forum.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 48
- Paragraph text
- As part of the "Thinkuknow" education initiative by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre in the United Kingdom, a website was created to provide children with age-appropriate information, including games and videos (www.thinkuknow.co.uk). As part of the "Fighting against child exploitation" initiative, young people who were aware of the dangers of grooming and sexual exploitation and were willing to help others came together to create a website that uses fun quizzes, games and stories to convey information (www.faceup2it.org).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- In Australia, the objective of the Youth Advisory Group on Cybersafety, established under the country's cybersafety plan, is to provide the Government with the perspective of young people on cybersafety issues. Membership of the Group in 2012 is expected to expand to some 3,000 individuals aged between 8 and 17 years, from up to 400 schools nationwide. Among other things, the Group's members cooperate with the police to provide updates on online developments affecting children (such as trends and language) and organize awareness-raising activities in schools. Their advice has resulted in the creation of resources, such as the Cybersafety Help Button, launched in 2010, which is intended to give Internet users, in particular children and young people, easy online access to counselling, reporting and information resources on cybersafety issues. An easy guide to socializing online has also been published, providing cybersafety tips for 26 social media sites, search engines and online games, along with general safety tips for Internet usage.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The International Youth Advisory Congress, held in London in 2008, brought together more than 140 children aged between 14 and 17 years from 19 countries to develop action-oriented recommendations to Governments, the media, law enforcement agencies, the education sector and the private sector. The participants produced the Children and Young Persons' Global Online Charter, which listed recommendations aimed at making their virtual environments safe.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Actions have been taken to guarantee effective child participation in judicial proceedings, including the production of manuals and guidelines (under the auspices of, for example, the United Nations and the Council of Europe), the provision of training and technical advice to facilitate the implementation of such guidelines, the development of child-friendly environments guaranteeing children's safety, protection and confidentiality (including through child-friendly spaces in court), videotape recording to guarantee safety and confidentiality, and child-sensitive reporting mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- The Children's House in Iceland is a specialized institution, operating under the auspices of the Government Agency for Child Protection, which offers a comprehensive set of services in response to actual or potential cases of child sexual abuse, including facilities for child-friendly interviews of children involved in criminal justice processes. It offers multidisciplinary services provided through an integrated approach that prevents repeated interviews and ensures prompt and comprehensive referral of child victims to all relevant services. This has led to an increase in the number of complaints, prosecutions and convictions for acts of sexual violence against children. The Children's House served more than 2,000 children within its first 10 years of operation and its success has led to children's houses being set up in Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- In Ethiopia, the Forum for Sustainable Child Empowerment (www.fsc-e.org) runs a rehabilitation and reintegration programme for abused and exploited children. Interventions have included the establishment of child protection units and rescue centres for victims of sexual abuse and exploitation and trafficking, training of police officers, prosecutors and judges, the establishment of child-friendly courts (including setting up closed-circuit television systems for child victims) and the start-up of a coalition of non-governmental organizations and Government departments intended to function as a referral mechanism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Child advocacy centres funded by the Government of Canada provide a coordinated approach to meeting the needs of child victims of or witnesses to crimes. Such centres are intended to minimize system-induced trauma by providing a single, child-friendly setting for children and their families. A child advocacy centre is a community-based programme, with a multidisciplinary team providing comprehensive and child-rights-focused support to victims, including forensic interviewing (a fact-finding mission, performed by someone who is specially trained in the many dynamics of child abuse, to determine whether a child has been abused and to find out the child's reality about what happened to them, using non-leading and age-appropriate questions).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Children have been participating in the development of legislation, policies and national action plans. National children's parliaments, established in many parts of the world, have also made it possible for children and young people to engage in political systems and processes and to influence debates related to children's issues in a formal way.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- In El Salvador, a five-year comprehensive national children and youth policy centred on child rights was developed through dialogue with young people in 262 municipalities and adopted in August 2010. The example set through consultations with children and young people is positive because the process was supported by the involvement of children in the elaboration and planning of policies (see A/HRC/16/57/Add.4).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 57
- Paragraph text
- In Yemen, the Children's Parliament has democratically elected representatives from all governorates and includes orphans, children with disabilities and young people belonging to marginalized groups. It regularly meets Government departments and non-governmental organizations. In 2008, it produced a public report on the situation of children in Yemen. In 2010, it carried out a national campaign to illustrate the impact of early marriage on the lives and health of young girls, which has led to a review of Yemeni legislation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- In Bangladesh, as part of the "Listen to children's voices" project launched by Save the Children Australia, a national children's task force was formed in all districts to monitor child rights issues nationwide. In addition, the Child Parliament is a platform that allows young people to bring issues to the attention of the Government, non-governmental organizations, donor agencies and civil society. It provides a forum to formulate child-friendly policies based on research.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- Regional consultations with children were integral to the preparatory work for the report of the independent expert for the United Nations study on violence against children (A/61/299). The input of hundreds of children, from 133 countries, was used in the recommendations made in the study. One of the most successful consultations was the Mekong Children's Forum on Human Trafficking, held in October 2004, which was brought about in partnership with the "Voices of children" initiative. All the children involved came from areas in which they were at risk of trafficking, which meant that they had a unique view as to what would be successful and should be done with regard to combating violence. Recommendations such as closing karaoke bars linked to sex services, holding an anti-trafficking day and prohibiting border agents from abusing drugs and alcohol were ideas that adults might not have thought of but were important to the children, who knew the situation on the ground.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- For the third World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents and its supporting regional preparatory processes, special efforts were made to ensure the participation of children, culminating in the attendance of 282 young people from 96 countries. This included the proactive mobilization of child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and their participation in the core organizing committee and the committee drafting the final outcome document. Similarly, children and young people also participated in the international meeting to review the progress of the third World Congress.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- In July 2011, an alternative report on the implementation by Nepal of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography was prepared by 11 civil society organizations and supported by Save the Children International, Plan Nepal and World Vision International. Focus group discussions and consultations were held with children's organizations with experience in the field, children and victims to gather primary data. A total of 87 children were consulted.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- Child-led research not only provides valuable opportunities for the empowerment of child participants themselves, but also strengthens the research process. Children may have unique access to particular locations, be in a privileged position to judge the accuracy of information and be able to determine the appropriateness of the methodology used, create links with their peers and make the children whom they consult feel at ease.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Kafa, a local non-governmental organization working on violence and exploitation in Lebanon, carried out research in the aftermath of the July 2006 conflict to assess the prevalence of child sexual abuse, explore knowledge and attitudes and identify barriers to seeking help. More than 1,000 children aged from 9 to 12 years from camps for displaced persons and summer camps participated in the study. In addition, some 250 schoolchildren were involved in five sessions to raise awareness of sexual abuse. Through the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Government indicated its willingness to adopt a national strategy on child sexual abuse - a clear and positive outcome of the project.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons on the move
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 64
- Paragraph text
- ECPAT Netherlands has mobilized young people to conduct peer research to investigate the trafficking of children. The young people who conducted the research were also survivors who had an understanding of and access to other young victims of sexual exploitation. The outcome was first-hand information comprising varied experiences and stories that provided significant insight into the nature and extent of the problem. The researchers offered suggestions to improve the services to victims and made specific recommendations on setting up effective prevention and protection systems against trafficking.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 65
- Paragraph text
- In 2010, Maiti Nepal, Aparajeyo-Bangladesh and Sanlaap (India), supported by ECPAT International, carried out research led by young people that was specifically focused on children living in vulnerable areas. The purpose of the research was to provide evidence-based data to be used in advocacy to bring about changes in national and local laws, policies and practices. The organizations helped to hold stakeholder consultations, led by young people, where recommendations identified were shared and discussed with policymakers and decision makers.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 66
- Paragraph text
- From 2009 to 2012, a project by Save the Children on a civil society for child rights in the Middle East and North Africa aimed to help children and young people to understand child-led data collection and to improve general understanding of the realities facing children. A key outcome of the project was the production of a manual on child-led data collection that was piloted with groups of young people throughout the region.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 67
- Paragraph text
- From 2008 to 2010, a regional project to study the mobility of children and young people in West and Central Africa was led by a platform of eight regional child protection agencies, with the assistance of governmental and non governmental structures gathered within national steering committees. The aim was to document contemporary practices of mobility of children and to develop and promote strategies for child protection on the basis of lessons learned from research and from experience. Children and young people (victims, witnesses, vulnerable children and peers) participated actively in the research and in capitalizing on practices.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 68
- Paragraph text
- Child-led organizations and associations and peer initiatives provide opportunities for children to develop their skills, receive support from peers and join forces to campaign for their rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 69
- Paragraph text
- Child Assistance for Mobilization and Participation is a Cambodian organization led by young people that works to promote children's rights and improve opportunities for marginalized children through participation. It mobilizes children and young people by forming clubs and village networks, carrying out advocacy with local and national governments and working closely with communities to raise awareness of the need to prevent and address commercial sexual exploitation of children and trafficking of young people. Members have been elected as East Asia and Pacific youth representatives to the ECPAT International Child and Youth Advisory Committee, enabling the organization to bring its grass-roots experiences in the field of children's participation in efforts to combat commercial sexual exploitation of children to the regional and international levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 70
- Paragraph text
- The African Movement of Working Children and Youth is a movement led and managed by children, present in 25 African countries, with a membership of almost 450,000 working children and young people organized into 2,411 grass-roots groups. Through this movement, activities are carried out at the local, national and regional levels, such as counselling, campaigns and partnerships with other organizations and groups. The primary aim is to build, promote and protect the rights of children. In September 2010, for example, a forum on violence against children was held in Accra, at which participants discussed such issues as physical, psychological and sexual violence. They exchanged experiences and used lessons learned to inspire them to continue to fight their cause. A regional anti-trafficking campaign led by young people was also recently initiated.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- In South Asia, a peer support programme, part of the Youth Partnership Programme, is run entirely by youth motivators and peer supporters and is self-sustaining. The main objective is to promote awareness of the dangers of commercial sexual exploitation of children and to use direct motivational support to build life and social skills for children most at risk or survivors of sexual exploitation. Peer supporters need to have a positive and empathetic attitude, skills that can benefit the programme and consistent school attendance. Their training and activities include providing direct support to the survivors of sexual abuse and exploitation by building children's confidence, motivation, creativity and life skills to overcome trauma. Educational support on topics such as commercial sexual exploitation of children, trafficking and early marriage is also provided. It is an innovative programme that has proven to be powerful and life-changing, both for the peer supporters themselves and for the children to whom they provide support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 72
- Paragraph text
- In the United Kingdom, a prevention programme on sexual exploitation, administered by Nia (an organization that works towards the prevention of violence against children and the protection of victims of gender-based violence) in partnership with the Children's Society, developed and ran a train-the-trainers programme in which young people were trained to deliver training to professionals and other young people. The aim was to equip young people with information on sexual exploitation and to develop creative ways to engage participants in the learning process. The young people co-facilitated training sessions for professionals, in addition to giving presentations and workshops at various conferences and youth centres. The response from the trainers was unanimously positive; all felt that the experience had boosted their self-esteem, increased their own awareness of sexual exploitation and given them presentation skills. While the young people reportedly experienced rudeness and haughty behaviour from some professionals, they found the majority open and genuinely interested in hearing their viewpoint. The project benefited both the participants and the professionals by showing them another perspective and the unique knowledge of young people.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 73
- Paragraph text
- Many actions have been taken and mechanisms put in place at various levels to enable children to be appropriately informed, listened to/heard and to express their views and opinions meaningfully. Public and policy decisions informed by such views have been proven to lead to better strategies, services and a more appropriate allocation of resources. Children and young people have shown that, as informed and voluntary participants, they can contribute as active advocates for change and bring innovative ideas to legislation, analysis, research, the drafting of laws, programmes and petitions, among other things. When child participation takes place in accordance with standards and child-rights principles, the active involvement of children has been proven to improve their ownership of the information and to help them to strengthen their resilience and overcome their emotional and physical scars. The examples given above confirm the numerous benefits that derive from giving children a leading role in the development of research, including the ability of children to gain access to particular locations without creating suspicion or fear on the part of the child respondents. The accuracy of the information collected also enhances the quality of specific suggestions and recommendations for improving prevention and protection services. Child-led organizations and peer initiatives empower children to fight for their own protection and that of their peers. The encouraging results notwithstanding, many challenges remain to be overcome, which the Special Rapporteur discusses below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 74
- Paragraph text
- Most initiatives still seem to be time-bound, without processes in place to guarantee their sustainability. The involvement of children in the production and delivery of information needs to be institutionalized to enable them to influence and bring about change in the long term, in line with the evolving technology.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 75
- Paragraph text
- The lack of permanent resources to secure the quality and continuity of child participation initiatives is a major concern. Consequently, the processes and structures in place are not fully operational because there are insufficient resources and capacity among adults and children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 76
- Paragraph text
- The need to train all adults involved in ensuring and supporting child participation is a top priority. In addition, professionals require specific skills and additional training to develop a comprehensive local understanding of the issue of the sale and sexual exploitation of children and suitable responses thereto.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 77
- Paragraph text
- There remains a need to systematize ethical child participation in all projects targeting children victims/survivors, child witnesses or children at risk of sale and/or sexual exploitation, in compliance with international child rights principles and standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 78
- Paragraph text
- Age-appropriate and gender-sensitive information is still not widely available, well publicized and accessible to all children in a State, without discrimination of any kind. Special protection should be provided to at-risk children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 79
- Paragraph text
- In many communities, children are expected to be silent in the presence of adults; they are not encouraged to express their views at home, in school or in community gatherings. In many instances, no space is given to children in public affairs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 80
- Paragraph text
- Child-friendly environments in settings such as homes, schools, places of worship, workplaces and institutions for children in alternative care encourage and support children to speak out and have their views taken seriously. There are not enough of these environments.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 81
- Paragraph text
- Children and young people are often more familiar with and exposed to evolving technology than adults, yet they continue to play a relatively modest role in the development and implementation of strategies to prevent and combat child pornography online.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- There remain significant disparities between countries regarding the involvement of children and young people in online safety programmes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- Most child parliaments are led by adults and often involve young people on an ad hoc or token basis. In some cases, they are composed only of children from privileged backgrounds.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 84
- Paragraph text
- In structures representing children and young people, such as parliaments, committees and forums, there is a need to guarantee access to and representation of child victims/survivors, in particular from marginalized and at-risk groups, including children with disabilities, children in street situations and those living in extreme poverty, in rural and remote areas or in alternative care settings.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- Disparities remain among countries regarding the establishment of a justice system that is sensitive to the specific needs of child victims and witnesses of sexual exploitation and does not result in retraumatization and stigmatization: some domestic legislation continues to place legal liability on children under the age of 18 years if they are engaged in prostitution, violating international standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 86
- Paragraph text
- There is a need to strengthen child-sensitive hearing/listening environments, in which the child can express himself or herself and in which well-trained professionals, whose skills are regularly updated, can hear/listen to the child and guarantee his or her best interest.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Most research continues to be initiated and led by adults, involving children as providers of information but only rarely as researchers owing to a range of practical and ethical issues.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- The recommendations and results of child-led research are not systematically taken into consideration and followed up on by the relevant institutions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Child-led organizations and peer initiatives need to be strengthened through the provision of high-quality support and training to peer educators, not only to identify target groups and formulate research questions and methodologies but also to discuss and identify child protection risks related to the research.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 90
- Paragraph text
- In many countries, children are not seen as social and political actors. Adults do not think that it is appropriate or beneficial to share information or power with children and to involve them in politics.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- The involvement of children in projects and in the development of policies varies in terms of the stage at which they become involved and the nature of their input. Children need to be involved in projects as early as possible and during the entire process, from needs assessment to evaluation and monitoring.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- The provision of accessible and child-friendly feedback to children on their participation is not institutionalized.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Child participation processes and mechanisms put in place are not subject to regular and independent monitoring and evaluation in order to ensure respect for international standards and enhance the effectiveness and positive impact of those mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- Some examples mentioned above have benefited from evaluations or documented processes or projects. Efforts to measure and document the impact of child participation initiatives in the prevention and combating of the sale and sexual exploitation of children remain insufficient, however.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 95
- Paragraph text
- Child participation is critical to the development of any national strategy based on child rights that is designed to prevent the sale and sexual exploitation of children and ensure their protection, recovery and reintegration. Child participation helps to widen the outreach of advocacy and awareness-raising initiatives and empowers children to gain confidence and trust and promote peer education about the harm caused by sale and sexual exploitation. Children's perspectives and experiences contribute to consolidating effective child protection systems and upholding a culture of respect for children's rights. Children's views and recommendations enrich the design of policies and the enactment of legislation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- To prevent and combat the sale and sexual exploitation of children, child participation activities have increased, with children becoming involved in campaigns and lobbying, advocacy, research, peer-to-peer initiatives, child-led organizations, project design and management, policymaking, decisions, evaluations, information, awareness-raising, use of the media (including the Internet) and conference participation. In addition, several norms and recommendations have been adopted and many guidelines and tools developed to strengthen child participation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 97
- Paragraph text
- Child participation continues, however, to be used for a wide range of activities (because of a lack of common definition) and is limited in scope (dominated by one-off processes). There is no clear set of commitments and actions for children's rights so that children are properly informed and listened to/heard and can have their views taken into consideration. Consequently, child participation has not been translated into practical approaches that make genuine differences to the lives of many children (in particular younger and disadvantaged children), who remain excluded from public decision-making and disempowered. This in turn further exacerbates the risks of abuse, exploitation and marginalization in society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 98
- Paragraph text
- In addition, child participation continues to face challenges such as cultural barriers and adult resistance, lack of resources and capacity (given that promoting children's participation requires a wide range of skills and experience) and sustainable support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 99a
- Paragraph text
- [To overcome these challenges, child participation has to be considered a core and cross-cutting component of comprehensive and rights-based child protection systems, so as to guarantee the effective protection of every child from sale and sexual exploitation. It requires:] A paradigm shift away from perceiving children as passive recipients towards acknowledging and supporting them as active rights holders and citizens who are entitled to be heard and to have their views taken seriously. This requires an attitudinal shift in adults and capacity-building for children themselves;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 99b
- Paragraph text
- [To overcome these challenges, child participation has to be considered a core and cross-cutting component of comprehensive and rights-based child protection systems, so as to guarantee the effective protection of every child from sale and sexual exploitation. It requires:] More strategic initiatives on child participation with long-term goals, rather than ad hoc and short-term projects based on the involvement of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 99c
- Paragraph text
- [To overcome these challenges, child participation has to be considered a core and cross-cutting component of comprehensive and rights-based child protection systems, so as to guarantee the effective protection of every child from sale and sexual exploitation. It requires:] Focus on children as citizens and on the building of resilience;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 99d
- Paragraph text
- [To overcome these challenges, child participation has to be considered a core and cross-cutting component of comprehensive and rights-based child protection systems, so as to guarantee the effective protection of every child from sale and sexual exploitation. It requires:] A continuous child participation process, including informing, hearing/listening, consulting, taking into consideration views and opinions, empowering child-led and peer initiatives, and involving children in policymaking and decision-making, all in compliance with and showing commitment to international standards and guidelines.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- Child participation must be institutionalized and included as a process. It must be a core and cross-cutting component of a comprehensive, context-specific, rights-based child protection system in compliance with international standards and norms (see A/65/221, para. 115).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101a
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To establish a legal framework in compliance with international standards: legislation must ensure that children can express their views freely in all matters affecting them, in general terms and in particular settings, such as within the family, education, alternative care, health care, custody and in all judicial and administrative proceedings affecting them;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101b
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To establish a justice system that is sensitive to the specific needs of child victims of and witnesses to sexual exploitation and does not result in retraumatization and stigmatization, guaranteeing that children are properly informed about issues such as the ways in which interviews are conducted, the existing support mechanisms in place for children submitting a complaint and/or participating in investigations and court proceedings, the specific places and times of hearings, the availability of protective measures and legal services, the possibility of receiving reparation and the provisions for appeal;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101c
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To develop, implement and monitor child participation strategies and mechanisms (see A/66/228);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101d
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To ensure the availability of and access to child-sensitive and appropriate information (in local languages and various formats) that is suitable for children with disabilities and children of diverse ages and at various stages of maturity, including the very young, and to involve children in producing and delivering such material;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101e
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To establish and maintain a child-friendly and enabling environment that ensures protection and safety, and to design and implement awareness-raising programmes targeting adults (parents, caregivers, professionals and policymakers) with a view to changing social perceptions and promoting child participation in families, schools, institutions, communities and policymaking spaces;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101f
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To provide active and sustainable support to children, including sufficient resources, qualified and confident staff and efficient training and support, so as to ensure their full participation and understanding;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101g
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To ensure the enhanced recovery and skill development of victims who are part of the child participation process;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101h
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To ensure that there are well-trained professionals, whose skills are regularly updated, who are willing and able to support and listen to children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101i
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To strengthen the involvement of children and young people in child safety online by providing child-sensitive information and peer-to-peer support with regard to reporting new or recurrent threats of exploitation through the Internet;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101j
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To establish systemic mechanisms through which to influence public decisions at all levels, guaranteeing the participation of children without discrimination of any kind in parliaments, councils, forums and consultations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101k
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To ensure adherence to ethical standards and child rights, including transparency and accountability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101l
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To provide children with accessible feedback on their participation through immediate and clear statements on the impact and value of their contributions, the decisions that they have taken and steps forward;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101m
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To provide appropriate and sustainable support to child-led organizations and peer initiatives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 101n
- Paragraph text
- [A mapping and assessment of child participation must be carried out, in accordance with the relevant principles and standards, with a view to identifying the remaining achievements and gaps. The mapping process must involve all the principal stakeholders in child protection (public and private sectors, national human rights institutions, non-governmental organizations), including children and communities, with a view to ensuring effective and sustainable child participation. If necessary, legislative changes should be introduced to protect and promote child participation rights in order:] To ensure regular and independent monitoring of the quality, permanence, accountability and follow-up activities of child participation mechanisms, practices and activities: children's participation must be systematized in all monitoring activities and children must have the opportunity to provide feedback on processes and make suggestions for possible improvements, thus ensuring that their views are taken into consideration.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- While some States have demonstrated a strong commitment to improving child participation in preventing and combating the sale and sexual exploitation of children, their capacity to act is sometimes hampered by political instability and limited resources. In such cases, it is essential to provide sustainable support through strong and coordinated cooperation at the regional and international levels.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 103a
- Paragraph text
- [Because of the transnational and complex dimension of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, strong cooperation and coordination requires the full participation of all stakeholders, including children and young people, at the regional and international levels. This can be brought about by:] Assessing child participation processes, mechanisms and practices and drawing on promising practices with a view to capitalizing on them and increasing their impact;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 103b
- Paragraph text
- [Because of the transnational and complex dimension of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, strong cooperation and coordination requires the full participation of all stakeholders, including children and young people, at the regional and international levels. This can be brought about by:] Implementing the recommendation of the Rio de Janeiro Declaration and Call for Action to Prevent and Stop Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents regarding the establishment by 2013 of a comprehensive framework to harmonize and facilitate coordination and cooperation at the national, regional and international levels among all relevant stakeholders, including child-led organizations, to enable and support specific actions to prevent and stop the sexual exploitation of children and adolescents;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Child participation 2012, para. 103c
- Paragraph text
- [Because of the transnational and complex dimension of the sale and sexual exploitation of children, strong cooperation and coordination requires the full participation of all stakeholders, including children and young people, at the regional and international levels. This can be brought about by:] If necessary, extending technical assistance to States by United Nations agencies and human rights mechanisms, with a view to providing support for child participation as a key and cross-cutting component of comprehensive and rights-based child protection systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2012
Paragraph
Combating and preventing the sale and sexual exploitation of children through the implementation of the SDGs
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2018
- Document code
- A/73/174
Document
Comprehensive child protection systems
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Legal status
- Non-negotiated soft law
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Year
- 2011
- Document code
- A/66/228
Document
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 10
- Paragraph text
- Since taking up her functions in 2008, the Special Rapporteur has focused on the need for a holistic and comprehensive approach that is child-centred, in order to protect all children, without discrimination, from being sold and sexually exploited.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 11
- Paragraph text
- The sale and sexual exploitation of children are fuelled by a number of interdependent factors stemming not only from the local or national context in which the child lives and was raised (political, legislative, cultural, environmental, socio-economic and institutional) but also from the global context (tourism, communications technology, the financial crisis, the food crisis and climate change). This multifaceted and complex context necessitates a response that incorporates an integrated approach with a view to putting in place, with the effective participation of children, genuinely local and national child protection systems.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Environment
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 12
- Paragraph text
- To that end, there must be a shift away from the fragmented child protection responses we frequently see towards the proactive development of comprehensive, sustainable and context-specific child protection systems. Concerted efforts must be made to establish a coordinated set of social norms, laws, policies, regulations and services, capacities and monitoring and oversight activities across all social sectors - especially social welfare, education, health, security and justice - to prevent and respond to child protection-related issues and risks (see figure below).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 13a
- Paragraph text
- [In order to be functional and effective, child protection systems should:] Focus on the child and have, as their primary consideration, the promotion of the child's best interests;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 13b
- Paragraph text
- [In order to be functional and effective, child protection systems should:] Be governed by comprehensive laws that are compliant with international standards and by national policies and regulations (establishing mandates, responsibilities, standards and systems of supervision to ensure compliance);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 13c
- Paragraph text
- [In order to be functional and effective, child protection systems should:] Include both formal and informal mechanisms (that rely, for example on a traditional and custom-based authority or on community-based organizations) and formalize their mandate through the law and government regulations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 13d
- Paragraph text
- [In order to be functional and effective, child protection systems should:] Ensure that child-sensitive services are available at all levels and that such services are regulated by quality standards (implemented by knowledgeable, well-trained staff and with adequate resources) and accessible to all children without discrimination;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 13e
- Paragraph text
- [In order to be functional and effective, child protection systems should:] Integrate children's views and experiences through their effective participation and inclusion;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 13f
- Paragraph text
- [In order to be functional and effective, child protection systems should:] Ensure that all providers of services to children and families (the public sector, civil society organizations) are held accountable through the effective regulation and monitoring, at all levels, of child protection standards.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 14
- Paragraph text
- The starting point for any adequate response to the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography must be the establishment of clear definitions of those phenomena in national legislation. This conceptual clarity is a sine qua non condition for avoiding legal gaps, ensuring the proper identification of child victims and promoting the effective implementation of the legislation.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 15
- Paragraph text
- The effectiveness of child protection laws is often hampered by disparities and the use of imprecise definitions, which can lead to certain acts remaining unpunished, corruption, selective enforcement or, in extreme cases, a general culture of impunity.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 16a
- Paragraph text
- [The Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol are fundamental tools for strengthening the protection of children and punishing offenders. They provide extremely useful definitions, thus allowing all stakeholders to share a common understanding and interpretation of the following terms:] A "child" is defined as "every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier". The same definition applies to the Optional Protocol. Some States define a child as an individual under the age of 18, while others take into account the age of criminal responsibility or the age of consent to sexual activity. These variations can create uncertainty in law enforcement;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 16b
- Paragraph text
- [The Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol are fundamental tools for strengthening the protection of children and punishing offenders. They provide extremely useful definitions, thus allowing all stakeholders to share a common understanding and interpretation of the following terms:] The "sale of children" is defined as "any act or transaction whereby a child is transferred by any person or group of persons to another for remuneration or any other consideration". The sale of children can occur for the following purposes: sexual exploitation, forced labour, the transfer of organs and illegal adoption;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 16c
- Paragraph text
- [The Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol are fundamental tools for strengthening the protection of children and punishing offenders. They provide extremely useful definitions, thus allowing all stakeholders to share a common understanding and interpretation of the following terms:] Child prostitution is defined as "the use of a child in sexual activities for remuneration or any other form of consideration". This includes offering, obtaining, procuring or providing a child for child prostitution. The phrase "any other form of consideration" means that child prostitution is taking place even when a child is being used in sexual activities in exchange for goods, services or favours such as food, lodging or drugs, not only in exchange for money;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 16d
- Paragraph text
- [The Convention of the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol are fundamental tools for strengthening the protection of children and punishing offenders. They provide extremely useful definitions, thus allowing all stakeholders to share a common understanding and interpretation of the following terms:] Child pornography is defined as "any representation, by whatever means, of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes". This definition refers to all activities undertaken for the purpose of producing, distributing, disseminating, importing, exporting, offering, selling or possessing child pornography. New developments in the use of communications technologies (blogs, mobile telephony and online social networks) demand the constant adaptation of conceptual and normative frameworks. The Council of Europe recently adopted the Convention on the Protection of Children against Sexual Exploitation and Sexual Abuse, which provides the most updated definitions and detailed standards in that regard. In addition to addressing the involvement of children in sexual abuse, prostitution and pornography, the Convention addresses the issues of "grooming" (the use of online technologies to solicit children for sexual purposes) and sex tourism.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 17
- Paragraph text
- Despite clear definitions, the interpretation of concepts can be a difficult and challenging process, especially when definitions overlap. There are, for instance, various links between the sale of children, the trafficking in children, the forcing of children into labour and the recruitment of children for use in armed conflict.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 18
- Paragraph text
- The trafficking in and sale of children are overlapping concepts, but they are not identical. Pursuant to article 35 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, States parties are required to take measures to prevent both the traffic in and sale of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 19
- Paragraph text
- There is often confusion between sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, particularly when they occur within the family. In the context of the Optional Protocol, sexual exploitation covers the use, recruitment or offer of a child for purposes of prostitution or pornographic material or performances. Forced and early marriage can be considered a form of sale for the purpose of sexual exploitation. One manifestation of this is the offering of young girls as wives to men - often older men - in exchange for money.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Girls
- Men
- Women
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 20
- Paragraph text
- States parties to the Optional Protocol are specifically required to prohibit the sale of children for the purpose of engagement in forced labour. Pursuant to Convention No. 182 of the International Labour Organization, "the worst forms of child labour" include the "forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict".
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Humanitarian
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 21
- Paragraph text
- The question is not, however, how to categorize these offences, but whether the responses to them, in terms of protecting children and punishing offenders, are adequate and comply with the provisions set out in the various international instruments to which States are parties.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 22
- Paragraph text
- The full extent to which the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography occur is difficult to assess because data are scarce and often unreliable. The culture of silence that surrounds these crimes due to fear, cultural taboos, shame and a lack of confidence in the justice system results in high levels of underreporting, exacerbating difficulties in collecting data.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 23
- Paragraph text
- The establishment of a centralized, standardized and reliable information system is essential to an accurate understanding of the scope of these phenomena and is key to the establishment and resourcing of appropriate and effective prevention and response strategies. Standardization would make it possible to analyse data and emerging and long-term trends, and would provide relevant entities at the national level the opportunity to share information.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24a
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] A common understanding of the conceptual elements;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24b
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] A rigorous method for the collection and processing of sufficient quantities of reliable data disaggregated by age, sex, location (urban or rural areas) and need for special protection. Data collected should reflect different forms of exploitation, including the sale of and traffic in children for sexual and other exploitative purposes, such as forced labour, illegal organ transfer and illegal adoption;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24c
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] The establishment of national indicators, particularly when data are supplemented with qualitative and quantitative research studies. Indicators can be essential evaluative tools to assess progress, identify remaining challenges and inform the development of further legislative, policy and programmatic measures;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24d
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] Awareness-raising among children, families and communities to combat stereotypes and cultural resistance that can contribute to underreporting and undermine the collection of relevant data;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24e
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] Qualitative and quantitative surveys and research regarding both the prevalence of and knowledge about these phenomena;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24f
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] Effective means of coordinating the intersectoral exchange of information within and between the regional and international levels;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 24g
- Paragraph text
- [A reliable information system should be based on the following principles:] The opportunity for children to have their views heard and taken into consideration in the processes of data collection and conducting of research, provided that appropriate safeguards are in place.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 25a
- Paragraph text
- [Several international and regional instruments on the rights of children contain provisions and detailed standards that prohibit, prevent and respond to all forms of sale and sexual exploitation of children:] The Convention on the Rights of the Child promotes a comprehensive system for protecting children from violence and from sexual and other forms of exploitation (articles 34 and 35 specifically recognize the right of children to be protected from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse, for any purpose or in any form);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 25b
- Paragraph text
- [Several international and regional instruments on the rights of children contain provisions and detailed standards that prohibit, prevent and respond to all forms of sale and sexual exploitation of children:] The Optional Protocol requires States parties to prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, adapt legal and investigative procedures to the special needs of child victims, including as witnesses, provide support services, inform children of their rights, their role and the scope, timing and progress of proceedings, avoid unnecessary delay, allow the views, needs and concerns of children to be presented and considered, uphold their right to privacy and protect them against intimidation and retaliation. In addition, the Optional Protocol provides for the best interests of the child to be a primary consideration in the treatment of victims in the criminal justice system and for the persons who work with victims to receive appropriate training;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 25c
- Paragraph text
- [Several international and regional instruments on the rights of children contain provisions and detailed standards that prohibit, prevent and respond to all forms of sale and sexual exploitation of children:] Other international and regional child rights instruments complement the Convention and the Optional Protocol and outline useful and detailed standards with a view to prohibiting, preventing and responding to the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, thus emphasizing the indivisibility and interdependence of rights.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 26
- Paragraph text
- National legal frameworks (civil and penal) should be harmonized with ratified international instruments. They should be accompanied by binding measures and mechanisms inscribed into a comprehensive legal framework that forms part of a comprehensive child protection strategy.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 27
- Paragraph text
- Comprehensive legal frameworks that embrace both civil and penal laws and cover prohibition, prosecution, protection, care, assistance and prevention should include the specific provisions set out in paragraphs 28 to 31 below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Define, prohibit and criminalize, in accordance with existing international human rights standards, all the offences covered in the Optional Protocol (including the new forms of sexual exploitation committed through the use of information technology and social networks, among others) and set minimum penalties that reflect the gravity of the crimes;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish an age limit of 18 years for defining a person as a child in relation to offences covered in the Optional Protocol, prevent the criminalization of a person under this age limit for offences covered in the Optional Protocol and recognize that the consent of a child is not relevant, even in cases when the adult is unaware of the child's age;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish 18 years as the minimum age of marriage for girls and boys, with a prohibition on the procurement, offering, conducting of or forcing into an under-age marriage;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Harmful Practices
- Person(s) affected
- Boys
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28d
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish extraterritorial jurisdiction, abolish the requirement of double criminality for these offences and facilitate mutual legal assistance in order to secure the effective prosecution of perpetrators and the implementation of appropriate sanctions while making all acts related to the sale and sexual exploitation of children extraditable offences in existing or newly established extradition treaties;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28e
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Introduce criminal investigations and the initiation of proceedings (a number of provisions would need to be invoked to assist in the investigation of offences and the pressing of charges in cases where the child victim or another person on her or his behalf does not file a report);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 28f
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prohibition, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Address corruption in law enforcement and the judiciary, as well as other authorities, with a view to caring for children, recognizing that corruption is a major obstacle to the effective enforcement of the law and the protection of children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 29a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to reporting, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure that it is mandatory for professionals working with children to report instances where there is a suspicion or a risk of children being sold or sexually exploited. The obligation to report should be included in the codes of conduct and regulations of professional associations and in all institutions and agencies that regularly work with children at risk, including schools, residential and institutional facilities, medical services and law enforcement bodies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 29b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to reporting, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure that Internet service providers, mobile telephone companies, search engines, Internet cafes and others are legally required to report any case of child pornography to the police, block access to offending websites and keep records, in accordance with established standards, for the purpose of investigation and prosecution. Similarly, financial institutions should be legally required to report, block and impede the functioning of financial mechanisms that make child pornography websites possible;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 29c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to reporting, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish child-sensitive complaint, counselling and reporting mechanisms (see below).
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Empower the authorities concerned to intervene in situations of emergency and remove children from such situations if necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Provide child victims, witnesses and their families with adequate care, assistance and psychosocial support (including family support if needed) to ensure the full recovery and social reintegration of child victims;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure that child victims have access to child-sensitive information about their rights and relevant procedures, including for seeking compensation for damages, and that they exercise their right to be heard and listened to;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30d
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Protect the privacy and well-being of child victims and witnesses at all stages of the criminal justice process (i.e. during identification, investigation, prosecution, punishment and extradition proceedings), including by ensuring that children are not subjected to fines, imprisonment or other punitive action;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30e
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure that children do not suffer from hardship and revictimization as a result of participating in criminal proceedings by limiting the number of interviews they are involved in, using video recordings and secure rooms, and providing legal aid or a special representative;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30f
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure free and easy access to legal remedies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30g
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure prompt responses in the treatment of cases;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 30h
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to protection, care and child-friendly procedures, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Grant compensation to child victims and enforce the payment of such compensation, as necessary.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 31a
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prevention, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure children's birth is registered. A birth record, because it certifies a child's age, allows appropriate legal steps to be taken to ensure the protection of the child and the punishment of the offender. Children whose birth has been registered are less likely to be sold or illegally adopted, in part because they have proof of who their parents are;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 31b
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prevention, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Develop and implement strict international and national adoption laws foreseeing: (i) adoption as a last resort; (ii) the identification of suitable measures, which include the placement of children with their biological or extended family; (iii) preference for national adoption over international adoption; and (iv) the obligation to conduct compatibility studies between the adoptive family and a child given up for adoption, keeping in mind the best interests of the child, with a view to avoiding the sale of children for illegal adoption;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 31c
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prevention, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Ensure that vulnerable children have an adequate standard of living, free access to health care and services, education and social security, and that their parents receive the necessary support;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 31d
- Paragraph text
- [With regard to prevention, comprehensive legal frameworks should:] Establish specific legal mechanisms and programmes for preventing recidivism among sex offenders and forbidding sex offenders from carrying out activities with children, including the collection and sharing of good practices and the establishment, where appropriate, of registers of sex offenders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 32a
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the effective implementation and ownership by all the stakeholders of this comprehensive legal framework, the following actions should be undertaken, in conjunction with the enforcement of legislation:] Involvement of all stakeholders, including children and youths, in the development of the legal framework from the earliest stage of the process;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 32b
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the effective implementation and ownership by all the stakeholders of this comprehensive legal framework, the following actions should be undertaken, in conjunction with the enforcement of legislation:] Launch of awareness-raising and advocacy initiatives among communities, children and youths, ensuring that relevant issues are included in the public debate through the media, civil society and policymakers;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 32c
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the effective implementation and ownership by all the stakeholders of this comprehensive legal framework, the following actions should be undertaken, in conjunction with the enforcement of legislation:] Widespread dissemination, in a way that is user-friendly and appropriate, of information regarding legislation and procedures;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 32d
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the effective implementation and ownership by all the stakeholders of this comprehensive legal framework, the following actions should be undertaken, in conjunction with the enforcement of legislation:] Adequate training of judges, prosecutors, lawyers, police officers, teachers, social workers and other professionals regarding the rights, needs and best interests of the child;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 32e
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the effective implementation and ownership by all the stakeholders of this comprehensive legal framework, the following actions should be undertaken, in conjunction with the enforcement of legislation:] Provision of adequate resources to implement all measures, programmes and policies;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 32f
- Paragraph text
- [In order to ensure the effective implementation and ownership by all the stakeholders of this comprehensive legal framework, the following actions should be undertaken, in conjunction with the enforcement of legislation:] Fostering transnational cooperation at regional and international levels, which is necessary owing to the mobility of children and offenders and the widespread use of new technologies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- To ensure the effective identification, care, assistance and follow-up of child victims, precise and adaptable protocols must be developed and implemented with the participation of all those involved in child protection. Such protocols should clarify the steps that need to be taken (from the early identification of children who have been sold or become victims of prostitution or pornography to the full recovery and social integration of such children) and the role and responsibilities of each actor, thereby allowing for better coordination and information-sharing.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 34
- Paragraph text
- It is crucial that children who have been sold or become victims of prostitution or pornography be identified early. Identification can be an effective means of protecting child victims and children at risk of becoming victimized or revictimized, while also ensuring that they are not unjustly treated as offenders.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 35
- Paragraph text
- Furthermore, identification can play a key role in the creation and implementation of targeted prevention strategies and response measures to address existing protection gaps.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 36
- Paragraph text
- Methods used to identify child victims must enable professionals to distinguish whether a child who was sold was victimized for the purpose of sexual exploitation, forced labour, begging, illegal adoption or the transfer of organs. Professionals must also be able to determine whether a child was a victim of prostitution, including in the context of sex tourism, or of child pornography, including online pornography and grooming.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- An essential component of the identification process is the establishment and implementation of appropriate procedures, including child-focused or child-friendly reporting and complaints mechanisms.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38a
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Respect for children's right to dignity and to having their views heard and taken into account in a safe and reassuring environment;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38b
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Ensuring children's right to be informed quickly and in an accessible language or format about all the options, procedures, protective measures and services available to them;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38c
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Providing children with appropriate professional support, including to address the various physical, psychological and social consequences of submitting a complaint;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38d
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Treating the information obtained at all stages confidentially, upholding the rights of children, including the right to privacy, and preventing the inappropriate dissemination of information that could lead to the identification of child victims;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38e
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Guaranteeing the safety of child victims, their families and witnesses by protecting them from any risk of harm, intimidation, reprisal or revictimization;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38f
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Incorporating age assessment processes that consider both the physical appearance and psychological maturity of the individual and that are carried out in a safe, child- and gender-sensitive and fair manner by trained professionals, avoiding any risk of violation of the physical integrity of the child;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38g
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Incorporating measures that protect against overreporting and revictimization;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38h
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Ensuring that all processes are adequately resourced;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 38i
- Paragraph text
- [Any processes that enable the identification of child victims must be carried out in compliance with the principles outlined above and with standards that require the following:] Ensuring that all processes are subject to regular and systematic monitoring to determine whether they are child-friendly; such monitoring should include safeguarded consultations with the children who have availed themselves of the processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39a
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Be established by law and in conformity with international human rights instruments;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39b
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Be guided by the best interests of the child and informed by children's experiences and perspectives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39c
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Maintain strict confidentiality during proceedings and related processes and respect the right of the child to privacy;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39d
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Be actively and thoroughly publicized and made widely available to children and adults, including those acting on behalf of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39e
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Be accessible to all children under the jurisdiction of the State, without discrimination of any kind, while being age appropriate and gender-sensitive and granting special protection to children at risk;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39f
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Enable very young children and marginalized groups of children (unaccompanied or separated children, street children, children who do not speak the language of the dominant culture, children with disabilities etc.), who are more vulnerable, to have the same opportunities to communicate about actual or potential violations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39g
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Be accessible throughout the country through an easy-to-remember three-digit, toll-free, 24-hour hotline. Hotlines should provide practical aid and support to child victims in all the local languages and the languages of neighbouring countries and be connected with and able to contact relevant authorities when necessary;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39h
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Guarantee the safety of children, including through measures to avoid any risk of harm, intimidation, reprisal or revictimization;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39i
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Promptly and efficiently take and communicate decisions to avoid adverse consequences to those concerned, and be followed-up as deemed appropriate;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39j
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Be adequately resourced financially, professionally and technically;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 39k
- Paragraph text
- [It is equally imperative that all children have easy and facilitated access to independent, child-sensitive, timely and effective complaints and reporting mechanisms (see also A/HRC/16/56). Such mechanisms should meet the following criteria:] Regularly undergo systematic monitoring to determine whether they are child-friendly; such monitoring should include safeguarded consultations with children who have availed themselves of the processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 40
- Paragraph text
- Once a child victim has been identified, steps must be taken immediately to contact the relevant law enforcement and/or social service authorities to begin the process of securing appropriate care and assistance for the well-being of the child. When possible, child victims must be urgently removed from harmful situations and placed in a secure and supportive environment that will provide the necessary educational, health-care, recovery and rehabilitative support.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the serious physical, psychological and emotional consequences of crime and victimization for victims and witnesses, children (and their families) must have access to professional and coordinated assistance and support, including financial aid, free legal assistance, counselling, health and medical care and educational services, as well as psychosocial recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration services.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42a
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Part of a comprehensive recovery and rehabilitation plan;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42b
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Available to the child and her or his family;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42c
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Child- and culturally-sensitive, taking into account gender, ethnicity and disability and other factors that may heighten a child's vulnerability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42d
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Equipped to provide special and prompt protection and assistance to child victims and witnesses; such assistance should be appropriate to the age, level of maturity and unique needs of the child in order to prevent further hardship and trauma;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Humanitarian
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42e
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Able to offer safe and child-friendly alternative or residential care that accommodates the basic needs of child victims, is governed by child protection norms and standards and is subject to regular monitoring. To that end, it is essential to establish minimum standards for alternative and residential care. All registered centres must be required to submit monthly reports on the arrival and departure of children and details related to their care and transfer;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42f
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Connected to an effective referral system that incorporates the obligation to investigate situations that place children at risk in order to enable the appropriate authorities to carry out interventions;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42g
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Staffed by professionals who are well trained, employ a collaborative and integrated approach, have the requisite knowledge and skills and are guided by child rights standards and ethical principles in counselling and support (including in relation to reporting and complaint mechanisms and to recovery and reintegration programmes);
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42h
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Undertaken in an environment that supports the health, self-respect and dignity of the child and, in particular, promotes the complete physical and psychological recovery and social integration of all child victims;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 42i
- Paragraph text
- [The most effective responses are multidisciplinary and take into account the various types of short-, mid- and long-term care and assistance that child victims require for their full recovery and reintegration. True efficacy requires that responses be:] Supported by adequate human, technical and financial resources.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43a
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Provide appropriate mental health services for children, adolescents and adults;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43b
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Favour family- or community-based environments over institutional or residential care for the long-term living arrangements of child victims, in accordance with the best interests of the child;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Movement
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43c
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Make available family support and counselling for children living in alternative forms of care, including those provided by foster families and other caregivers, to fully support children through all stages of their recovery process;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43d
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Appoint a guardian for children who have been repatriated to their country of origin to ensure they receive long-term care and protection;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43e
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Ensure that in cases where victims seek compensation for damages from those legally responsible for a violation, reparation mechanisms take into account the long-term reintegration, psychosocial and physical issues that victims might face;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 43f
- Paragraph text
- [To ensure that child victims receive appropriate assistance for their full social reintegration and physical and psychological recovery, follow-up measures must:] Follow up regularly until the child's full recovery is achieved.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Health
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- Despite widespread recognition that investing in prevention is one of the main ways to safeguard the rights of children and combat all forms of violence perpetrated against children, including exploitation, the many preventive measures currently taken by various stakeholders are mainly reactive and insufficiently effective.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- Because of the multifaceted nature and complexity of the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, preventing the victimization of children requires the adoption of effective preventive measures that are developed in the framework of a comprehensive child rights system and involve all relevant stakeholders, including children, families and communities.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- To be effective, preventive measures should form the core component of national child protection systems and be anchored in child-rights laws and policies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- Preventive measures should be implemented more proactively by adopting a strong preventive and prohibitive legal framework (see paras. 25-32 above) and mainstreaming strategies aimed at growth and poverty reduction, such as the Millennium Development Goals, into broader national policy frameworks with a view to minimizing the risk of children being sold and sexually exploited and implementing a vulnerability risk assessment framework that would enable professionals to determine when a child is in a situation requiring intervention and when he or she requires support, as well as to determine which type of action is most appropriate given the child's needs.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48a
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Ensuring that all children are immediately registered for free at birth and that special attention is paid to children who have not yet been registered, children at risk and children in marginalized situations;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48b
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Ensuring the availability of and access to socio-economic services, beginning with adequate food, housing, education and health care, for children at risk and their families, enabling them to live a life of dignity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Health
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48c
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Providing single mothers (particularly adolescent girls) with support through social welfare systems that offer a full range of alternative care services and assistance within child protection systems;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Girls
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 48d
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures should address critical socio-economic factors by:] Ensuring that all preventive measures are known, available and accessible to the most vulnerable and marginalized children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 49a
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures must include steps to promote sustainable education and awareness-raising, including by:] Conducting awareness-raising and educational campaigns in schools, communities, rural and remote communities and making use of all forms of media, information and communications technologies, including social networking tools. Effective campaigns should be developed collaboratively by professionals from different disciplines and others working with children and must be adequately resourced;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 49b
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures must include steps to promote sustainable education and awareness-raising, including by:] Involving community and religious leaders with a view to using their moral authority, social influence and leadership to guide communities in protecting children against all forms of violence, abuse and exploitation;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 49c
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures must include steps to promote sustainable education and awareness-raising, including by:] Informing children, their families and others working with children about the availability of complaints mechanisms and child-friendly complaint, reporting and counselling services, including hotlines, if a child has been or is at risk of being victimized in any way;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 49d
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures must include steps to promote sustainable education and awareness-raising, including by:] Making available in schools sex education programmes that provide information on healthy sexual development, safe sex and reproduction, and emphasize gender equality, self-respect, empowerment and respect for others. In the absence of such programmes, the proliferation of images and videos through information and communications technologies may shape children's first ideas about sexuality and sexual behaviour, increasing the risk that they will reproduce while still young or become victims of abusive behaviour;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Gender
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 49e
- Paragraph text
- [Preventive measures must include steps to promote sustainable education and awareness-raising, including by:] Undertaking partnerships with print and electronic media and the private sector (particularly in the areas of tourism and information technology) to disseminate information and launch campaigns designed to raise awareness about the rights of children, laws that prohibit and seek to combat all forms of violations, the increased risks faced by many children and certain behaviours that may indicate predatory activity taking place in a community or online. Information and communications technologies, including social networking tools, should be utilized fully to reach as many children as possible.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- Preventive measures should include steps to fund and conduct shared research on the national and transnational demand for services that exploit children and analyses of the specific context in which harmful and discriminatory social norms (practices, behaviours, attitudes) take place. Such research and analyses would be used to inform laws and policies.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Preventive measures must encourage and facilitate child participation and empowerment. That can be done by encouraging and supporting child-led initiatives in all preventive measures and by supporting children in gaining broader knowledge about their rights and the options available to them to address abuse so that they are empowered and able to protect themselves and other children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 52
- Paragraph text
- Children are not only victims or vulnerable: they can and should actively take part in finding solutions. Child participation is based on the right of each child to express her or his views and to have those views taken into consideration in all matters that directly or indirectly concern her or his life, with the objective of influencing decision-making and achieving change.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- Child participation also refers to a way of working that gives children, including those most marginalized and those of different ages and abilities, the opportunity to participate on an informed and willing basis.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 54
- Paragraph text
- Finally, child participation is essential to a child-rights approach. As such, it must be implemented in all areas, programmes, policies and other relevant actions, from homes to Governments and from the local to the international level.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- Responsibility for ensuring the participation of children is broadly shared by local governments and authorities, people who work directly with or on behalf of children, parliaments and legislatures, non-governmental organizations and civil society, independent national human rights institutions, the private sector and corporate entities, religious, spiritual, cultural and indigenous leaders, and regional and international organizations and multilateral agencies. The mass media also has an important role to play in communicating the value of children's participation for all children, families and wider society.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Ethnic minorities
- Families
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 56
- Paragraph text
- Adapting practical measures that give children increasing responsibilities in accordance with their age and development, known as the principle of evolving capacities, is closely connected with the right of the child to be heard. Giving full effect to that principle is recognized as a challenging exercise owing to the difficulty that many adults have in accepting the capacities of a child to understand, communicate and make informed choices during important decision-making processes.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57a
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Availability of and access to well-publicized information in local languages and different formats (for children with disabilities) that is suitable for children of different ages, including the very young, and at different stages of maturity;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57b
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Voluntary and informed participation of child and youth representatives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57c
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Institutionalization of mechanisms for the participation, without discrimination, of all children, such as children's parliaments, youth forums, councils and committees at the national, regional and municipal levels;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57d
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Establishment and maintenance of a child-friendly and enabling environment that ensures the protection and safety of children;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57e
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Equality of opportunity and guaranteed participation of children from vulnerable and marginalized at-risk groups, including children with disabilities and those living in extreme poverty, in rural and remote areas, within alternative care settings or living and/or working on the streets, taking care to avoid the representation of only children from privileged backgrounds;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Poverty
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Persons with disabilities
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57f
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Establishment of and adherence to ethical standards and child rights principles that include transparency and accountability;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57g
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Presence of effective, professionally trained, qualified and confident staff and support personnel;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 57h
- Paragraph text
- [Child participation mechanisms must operate in compliance with internationally recognized standards and ensure the following:] Incorporation of regular and independent monitoring of the quality, permanence, accountability and follow-up activities of the mechanisms and the practices they give rise to.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 58
- Paragraph text
- Children's participation must be systematized in all monitoring activities: children must have the opportunity to provide feedback on processes and make suggestions for possible improvements, thus ensuring that their views are taken into consideration. In addition, children must be provided with child-friendly and accessible feedback on their participation through immediate and clear statements on the impact and value of their contributions, the decisions they have taken and next steps. This enables children to understand the outcome and use of their contributions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 59
- Paragraph text
- To enable children to be part of efforts to effectively combat the sale of children and all forms of exploitation, including sexual exploitation and forced labour, children must be empowered to fight for their own protection and that of their peers. There are currently countless child-led organizations and networks around the world dealing with major issues of concern such as human trafficking, commercial sexual exploitation, forced labour and street children.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 60a
- Paragraph text
- [Child-led organizations and peer-to-peer initiatives must operate in compliance with the guiding principles and standards related to child participation set out above. Governments should encourage and support child-led organizations and initiatives (peer-to-peer initiatives and youth-led research) by:] Providing technical, material and logistical support to enable children to develop and carry out their activities;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 60b
- Paragraph text
- [Child-led organizations and peer-to-peer initiatives must operate in compliance with the guiding principles and standards related to child participation set out above. Governments should encourage and support child-led organizations and initiatives (peer-to-peer initiatives and youth-led research) by:] Ensuring the enhanced recovery and skill-development of any child victim participating in such initiatives;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 60c
- Paragraph text
- [Child-led organizations and peer-to-peer initiatives must operate in compliance with the guiding principles and standards related to child participation set out above. Governments should encourage and support child-led organizations and initiatives (peer-to-peer initiatives and youth-led research) by:] Developing structures and protective frameworks that enable victims and at-risk children to carry out activities in a secure and supportive environment;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 60d
- Paragraph text
- [Child-led organizations and peer-to-peer initiatives must operate in compliance with the guiding principles and standards related to child participation set out above. Governments should encourage and support child-led organizations and initiatives (peer-to-peer initiatives and youth-led research) by:] Involving children in decision-making processes related to all matters of concern to children and youth.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Youth
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 61
- Paragraph text
- A wide variety of national, regional and international efforts have been made around the world to prevent and combat violations of the rights of the child. While such efforts represent an important first step, weak or absent centralized information systems and monitoring mechanisms make it extremely difficult to evaluate and measure changes in the situation of children and the impact of any action taken or to make evidence-based decisions for future action.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 62
- Paragraph text
- In the Rio de Janeiro Declaration and Call for Action to Prevent and Stop Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, the participants in the Third World Congress against Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 25 to 28 November 2008, recommended the establishment by 2013 of independent institutions for the promotion and protection of the rights of the child, taking into account general comment No. 2 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The objective of such independent institutions is to ensure the protection of children, the restitution of their rights, independent monitoring of the strategies and policies being implemented, advocacy for strengthening legal frameworks and the availability of and accessibility to appropriate legal remedies, including the possibility of filing complaints.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Violence
- Person(s) affected
- Adolescents
- Children
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Monitoring is one of the key measures needed for the effective implementation of protection systems, making it possible to review progress made and identify existing challenges and proposals regarding remedial actions. Monitoring can therefore also serve a preventive function.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph
Comprehensive child protection systems 2011, para. 64a
- Paragraph text
- [The expansion and strengthening of mechanisms for monitoring and assessing policies and programmes must be done in accordance with the following principles and standards:] Monitoring should include a review of steps taken, progress achieved and possible impediments faced in the implementation of political commitments that have been undertaken; periodic reports should be made to parliament and the general public;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
Paragraph