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Temporary special measures 2004, para. 29
- Paragraph text
- States parties should provide adequate explanations with regard to any failure to adopt temporary special measures. Such failures may not be justified simply by averring powerlessness, or by explaining inaction through predominant market or political forces, such as those inherent in the private sector, private organizations, or political parties. States parties are reminded that article 2 of the Convention, which needs to be read in conjunction with all other articles, imposes accountability on the State party for action by these actors.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Core obligations of States parties under article 2 2010, para. 42
- Paragraph text
- The fact that a State party has entered a reservation to article 2 or to subparagraphs of article 2 does not remove the need for that State party to comply with its other obligations under international law, including its obligations under other human rights treaties that the State party has ratified or to which it has acceded and under customary international human rights law relating to the elimination of discrimination against women. Where there is a discrepancy between reservations to provisions of the Convention and similar obligations under other international human rights treaties ratified by a State party or to which it has acceded, it should review its reservations to the Convention with a view to withdrawing them.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Women
- Year
- 2010
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The meaning and scope of special measures in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination 2009, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- [Reports of States parties should describe special measures in relation to any articles of the Convention to which the measures are related. The reports of States parties should also provide information, as appropriate, on:] The justifications for special measures, including relevant statistical and other data on the general situation of beneficiaries, a brief account of how the disparities to be remedied have arisen, and the results to be expected from the application of measures
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2009
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
The meaning and scope of special measures in the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Racial Discrimination 2009, para. 37
- Paragraph text
- [Reports of States parties should describe special measures in relation to any articles of the Convention to which the measures are related. The reports of States parties should also provide information, as appropriate, on:] The range of consultations undertaken towards the adoption of the measures including consultations with intended beneficiaries and with civil society generally
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2009
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system 2004, para. 30
- Paragraph text
- [Formulates the following recommendations addressed to States parties:] [The right to the assistance of counsel and the right to an interpreter] Effectively guaranteeing these rights implies that States parties must set up a system under which counsel and interpreters will be assigned free of charge, together with legal help or advice and interpretation services for persons belonging to the groups referred to in the last paragraph of the preamble.
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Civil & Political Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Movement
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system 2004, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- [Formulates the following recommendations addressed to States parties:] [The right to an independent and impartial tribunal] States parties may, in this regard, take into account the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct adopted in 2002 (E/CN.4/2003/65, annex), which recommend in particular that: Judges should be aware of the diversity of society and differences linked with background, in particular racial origins;
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system 2004, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- [Formulates the following recommendations addressed to States parties:] [The right to an independent and impartial tribunal] States parties may, in this regard, take into account the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct adopted in 2002 (E/CN.4/2003/65, annex), which recommend in particular that: They should not, by words or conduct, manifest any bias towards persons or groups on the grounds of their racial or other origin;
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system 2004, para. 33
- Paragraph text
- [Formulates the following recommendations addressed to States parties:] [The right to an independent and impartial tribunal] States parties may, in this regard, take into account the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct adopted in 2002 (E/CN.4/2003/65, annex), which recommend in particular that: They should carry out their duties with appropriate consideration for all persons, such as the parties, witnesses, lawyers, court staff and their colleagues, without unjustified differentiation; and
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2004
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development and people of African descent 2015, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group points out that, despite the publication of evidence, there is still insufficient attention paid to the proven contributions of people of African descent to world development. It concludes that the role that people of African descent have played in global development must be recognized both in terms of the contribution that the African continent has historically made to worldwide development, including during the transatlantic slave trade, and the contributions that Africans and the African diaspora have made and continue to make to the contemporary world.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Activities of the Working Group 2014, para. 60q
- Paragraph text
- [In order to provide equal access to justice for people of African descent and as a part of the duty of States to protect human rights, the Working Group calls upon States to guarantee that:] The potential discriminatory effects of domestic legislation are eliminated, particularly of legislation on terrorism, immigration and nationality, as well as legislation that has the effect of penalizing without legitimate grounds certain groups or members of certain communities, including people of African descent, and in any case, respecting the principle of proportionality in its application;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Interlinkages between recognition, justice and development 2016, para. 55
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group welcomes some States' and civil society's positive response to its plans aimed at looking into the programmes and policies of financial and development institutions from the perspective of people of African descent. The Working Group will take into consideration the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In this regard, the Working Group will focus on the areas referred to in its mandate - investments in health systems, education, housing, electricity, drinking water and environmental control measures and promoting equal opportunities in employment - as well as other affirmative or positive measures and strategies within the human rights framework.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2016
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Reporting guidelines 1987, para. (b)
- Paragraph text
- [Recommends:] That the States parties should follow the general recommendation adopted in 1986 in these terms: "Initial reports submitted under article 18 of the Convention should cover the situation up to the date of submission. Thereafter, reports should be submitted at least every four years after the first report was due and should include obstacles encountered in implementing the Convention fully and the measures adopted to overcome such obstacles."
- Body
- Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women
- Document type
- General Comment / Recommendation
- Topic(s)
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 1987
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Activities of the Working Group 2014, para. 50
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group recognizes the intersectionality between multiple forms of discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, religion or origin and other forms of discrimination.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Development and people of African descent 2015, para. 41
- Paragraph text
- The Working Group concluded its sixteenth session on the theme of "Development and people of African descent" and made the following conclusions and recommendations.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 68q
- Paragraph text
- [States should also:] Improve quality standards of educational in public education systems;
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Discussion on "Recognition through Education, Cultural Rights and Data Collection" 2013, para. 71
- Paragraph text
- Cultural rights are inalienable human rights.
- Body
- Working Group of experts on people of African descent
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- Bearing in mind the above and the issues highlighted in the present report, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the recommendations below.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Financing education and update on education in emergencies 2011, para. 53
- Paragraph text
- [In that spirit, the Special Rapporteur provides the following recommendations:] Education does not often receive the priority it deserves at the national level in terms of budget allocations. To ensure that education receives priority attention, it would be expedient to promote public dialogue among ministers of education and ministers of finance and planning on the necessary steps to secure maximum funding for education. An exchange of ideas and approaches among countries regarding legal and policy frameworks for financing education would enable national authorities to draw upon available experiences and practical examples from a comparative perspective and could provide insight into new avenues for investment in education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Equality of opportunity in education 2011, para. 72g
- Paragraph text
- [The Special Rapporteur puts forward the following recommendations for the promotion of equal opportunities in education on the basis of a human rights framework:] [Enhance international assistance and cooperation:] International organizations, notably UNESCO and UNICEF, play a key role in the field of education. They can show the way forward by encouraging public debate on issues deemed to be of critical importance, and play an important role in promoting equality-enhancing policies and exchange of experiences on successful practices in the promotion of equality of opportunities. In that spirit, technical assistance to countries in the most difficult situation must be prioritized;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2011
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Normative action for quality education 2012, para. 88g
- Paragraph text
- [Widespread concerns on quality in education call for strengthening national legal frameworks with a view to establishing and reinforcing standards for quality in education. To that end, the Special Rapporteur would like to make the following recommendations:] Enhance international technical assistance to Governments: • International entities, such as UNESCO, UNICEF and the World Bank, should be encouraged to continue their work in providing policy advice, support services and technical assistance to Governments in their efforts to respond to quality imperatives. UNESCO could develop guidelines for the establishment of standards for quality education;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2012
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Justiciability of the right to education 2013, para. 82a
- Paragraph text
- [Bearing in mind the key importance of the justiciability of the right to education and its enforcement, and with a view to fostering protective as well as promotional role of adjudication mechanisms, the Special Rapporteur would like to offer the following recommendations:] States must fully assume their obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the right to education. Their first obligation in this regard is to give effect to the right in their domestic legal order, and ensure its effective enforcement in case of violation through national, regional and international judicial and quasi-judicial mechanisms. Individuals as beneficiaries of the right to education, as defined in national legislation and as contained in international law, must be able to have legal recourse against its violations.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2013
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 100
- Paragraph text
- The Special Rapporteur considers that, driven by business interests, privatization by definition is detrimental to education as a public good and vitiates the humanistic mission of education. Abusive practices by private providers reflect the failure of States to adequately monitor and regulate privatized education. This calls for the strengthening of human rights mechanisms in order to effectively address and sanction violations of the right to education by private providers. In this, Governments can be inspired by numerous court decisions and emerging jurisprudence.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Privatization and the right to education 2014, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- States remain primarily responsible for providing education on account of their international legal obligations. They should not abandon their primary responsibility, above all for the provision of free and quality basic education, to the advantage of private providers, who find the inadequacies of public education fertile ground for making money from the provision of education, reaping uncontrolled profits. When privatization is permitted, States should fully assume their responsibility in compliance with their obligations under human rights law and ensure that private providers abide by the principles and norms underlying the right to education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 87
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of a holistic approach to the assessment of the educational attainments of students, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Public authorities and school administrators ensure that the assessment of the educational attainments of students includes their understanding of universal human rights values and respect for people from different civilizations, cultures and religions. Student performance tests should demonstrate the extent to which students have incorporated human rights values in their understanding, commitments and day-to-day behaviour patterns.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 89
- Paragraph text
- Regarding equity-based approaches to assessments of the entire student population, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: National assessments appraise the educational attainments of the entire student population in a country, assessing all students uniformly. An equity-based approach should be an essential prerequisite, so that all those students who are found to be underperforming are given the necessary support needed for them to meet the educational requirements. Student assessments must address with great concern the situation of underperforming students, particularly those who are disadvantaged on account of marginalization. Early targeted teaching support to them is most effective and should be prioritized over later interventions.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 91
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of novel assessment mechanisms for skills development, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: While recognizing the importance of national assessment mechanisms for TVET programmes, Governments should develop new and unique assessment mechanisms within a framework of institutionalized collaboration with industry for assessing competencies and skills in terms of technical qualifications that are relevant to a country's development priorities. TVET programmes, particularly in early secondary levels, must be made complementary to the standard education curriculum and not as a separate stream. The aptitude of students should be central to those new assessment systems, offering them the possibility of pathways to higher education.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 92
- Paragraph text
- In relation to refining assessment mechanisms, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Public authorities ensure that the basic education which is provided is of good quality, as proven by an appropriate national assessment mechanism, conducted annually or on a semester system. While school examination and tests constitute necessary mechanisms for assessing the educational attainments of students, Governments should devise innovative modalities, appropriate to the capacities of the State, to evaluate the knowledge and understanding of students of all the subjects taught, including human rights values.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 93
- Paragraph text
- Regarding the development of the capacity of the teaching profession for the holistic assessment of basic education, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: Recognizing that teachers play a key role in the implementation of the national curricula and in conducting assessments of the educational attainments of students, Governments should ensure that teachers are provided with the additional training and support to better understand and implement a human rights-based curriculum in an accessible fashion for their students. Novel modalities of teacher training in tandem with reforms in education should be devised to foster quality education and learning.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Assessment of the educational attainment of students 2014, para. 96
- Paragraph text
- In regard to the promotion of studies on national assessments, the Special Rapporteur recommends that: As research and studies on national assessments are scant as compared to those on international or regional assessment systems, reflections and studies on national assessments of the educational attainments of students in education faculties and among professional bodies should be promoted, so as to make existing national assessment mechanisms and country-level experience better known. That would also benefit policymaking authorities in improving assessment mechanisms;
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Equality & Inclusion
- Person(s) affected
- N.A.
- Year
- 2014
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph
Protecting education against commercialization 2015, para. 122
- Paragraph text
- Learning from the devastating impact of structural adjustments on education as an essential public service, and in the face of the prevalent market ideology and surging privatization in education, States must expand educational opportunities, recognizing the paramount importance of public investment in education as their essential obligation. Under no circumstances should a State provide financial support to private providers of education or allow private companies to operate multiple schools.
- Body
- Special Rapporteur on the right to education
- Document type
- Special Procedures' report
- Topic(s)
- Education
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Person(s) affected
- All
- N.A.
- Year
- 2015
- Paragraph type
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Paragraph