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Human rights criteria for making contract farming and other business models inclusive of small-scale farmers 2011, para. 51
- Paragraph text
- Governments should ensure that the degree of competition among traders is sufficient to prevent farmers from being locked into unequal relationships with a particular trader in the absence of alternative buyers for a given crop. In particular, Governments should ensure that the expansion of contract farming does not result in the dismantling of public support schemes and the privatization of agricultural extension services, which would narrow the range of options available to small-scale farmers and increase the asymmetry of power between unorganized small-scale farmers and private actors operating on a national, regional or global scale.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 46
- Paragraph text
- [The research community, including centres of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research and the Global Forum on Agricultural Research, should:] assess projects on the basis of a comprehensive set of performance criteria (impacts on incomes, resource efficiency, impacts on hunger and malnutrition, empowerment of beneficiaries, etc.) with indicators appropriately disaggregated by population to allow monitoring improvements in the status of vulnerable populations, taking into account the requirements of the right to food, in addition to classical agronomical measures.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- [As part of their obligation to devote the maximum of their available resources to the progressive realization of the right to food, States should implement public policies supporting the adoption of agroecological practices by:] making reference to agroecology and sustainable agriculture in national strategies for the realisation of the right to food and by including measures adopted in the agricultural sector in national adaptation plans of action (NAPAs) and in the list of nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) adopted by countries in their efforts to mitigate climate change;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 47
- Paragraph text
- At its 36th session, the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) requested its High-Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) to examine the respective roles of large-scale plantations and small-scale farming, and to review existing assessments and initiatives on the effects of climate change on food security and nutrition, with a view to informing the 37th CFS session. The HLPE and the CFS should assess the potential of agroecology to meet the current challenges in the areas of food security and nutrition, with a view to informing the preparation of the Global Strategic Framework for Food and Nutrition Security (GSF) in 2012, and to strengthening the consistency between the international agendas in the areas of climate change and agricultural development respectively.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 44
- Paragraph text
- [As part of their obligation to devote the maximum of their available resources to the progressive realization of the right to food, States should implement public policies supporting the adoption of agroecological practices by:] reorienting public spending in agriculture by prioritizing the provision of public goods, such as extension services, rural infrastructures and agricultural research, and by building on the complementary strengths of seeds-and-breeds and agroecological methods, allocating resources to both, and exploring the synergies, such as linking fertilizer subsidies directly to agroecological investments on the farm ("subsidy to sustainability");
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- [Donors should:] engage in long-term relationships with partner countries, supporting ambitious programs and policies to scale up agroecological approaches for lasting change, including genuine multi-polar engagement with public authorities and experts and existing local organizations of food providers (farmers, pastoralists, forest dwellers) and the networks they form, such as ROPPA, ESAFF, La Via Campesina, and PELUM, which have accumulated experience that could be the basis for rapid scaling-up of best practices;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Acroecology and the right to food 2011, para. 45
- Paragraph text
- [Donors should:] encourage South-South and North-South cooperation on the dissemination and adoption of agroecological practices;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2011
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 62b
- Paragraph text
- [Flag States should protect labour rights in the fishing industry, including by ratifying and implementing the Convention concerning Work in the Fishing Sector (Convention No. 188). In addition, flag States should:] When engaging in fishing access agreements, agree to introduce provisions concerning conditions of work in the fishing industry; support the preparation of human rights impact assessments; and support the efforts of coastal States to regulate the fishing practices of industrial vessels operating in exclusive economic zones.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 60
- Paragraph text
- States should discharge their duties to respect, protect and fulfil the right to food in the fisheries sector by moving towards sustainable resource use while ensuring that the rights and livelihoods of small-scale fishers and coastal communities are respected and that the food security of all groups depending on fish is improved. This is a difficult balance to strike, but, without swift and bold action by States, the contribution made by fisheries to securing the right to food will diminish, with considerable consequences, in particular for poorer rural communities that depend on fisheries for both their nutritional needs and their income. Both coastal and flag States should accept their duties in this regard and should actively involve the fishing communities themselves, both in fisheries management and in the design and implementation of policies in adjacent sectors that could affect fishing.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 61d (v)
- Paragraph text
- [Coastal States and landlocked States with inland fisheries should:] Consistent with the pledge made at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (see para. 175 of the outcome document), strengthen access to fishery resources and improve the incomes of small-scale fishing communities by: Providing adequate social protection or safety net interventions to communities who depend on fishing for their livelihoods, in order to reduce the need for food-insecure and/or low-income groups to engage in coping but unsustainable fishing practices in times of crisis;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 61d (iii)
- Paragraph text
- [Coastal States and landlocked States with inland fisheries should:] Consistent with the pledge made at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (see para. 175 of the outcome document), strengthen access to fishery resources and improve the incomes of small-scale fishing communities by: Strengthening the position of small-scale fishers in the production chain, for example by supporting the formation of cooperatives and assisting them to expand into the high-added-value stages of the industry;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Fisheries and the right to food 2012, para. 63e
- Paragraph text
- [To preserve the long-term sustainability of fishing and the availability of local fish as food, in particular by combating overfishing, all States should:] Reduce the proportion of fish used for fishmeal purposes, including by promoting direct human consumption of some small and nutritious fish, curbing demand for fish proteins from fish higher up the food chain (such as tuna and salmon or farmed carnivorous species such as prawns) by affluent consumers, which leads to overexploitation of marine resources worldwide, and considering imposing restrictions on the proportion of fish that can be used for reduction purposes.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
The right to an adequate diet: the agriculture-food-health nexus 2012, para. 49
- Paragraph text
- Combating the different faces of malnutrition requires adopting a life-course approach guaranteeing the right to adequate diets for all, and reforming agricultural and food policies, including taxation, in order to reshape food systems for the promotion of sustainable diets. Strong political will, a sustained effort across a number of years, and collaboration across different sectors, including agriculture, finance, health, education and trade, are necessary for such a transition. In line with these conclusions, the Special Rapporteur makes the following recommendations.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2012
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Assessing a decade of progress on the right to food 2013, para. 58i
- Paragraph text
- [In particular, the Special Rapporteur encourages:] The FAO Committee on World Food Security to serve as a catalyst to accelerate progress towards the establishment of legal, institutional and policy frameworks that are conducive to the full realization of the right to food for all, and to use the review of the implementation of the Right to Food Guidelines at its forty-first session in 2014 to encourage all member States to make effective use of the right to food to eradicate hunger and malnutrition;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2013
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Vision of the mandate 2014, para. 63
- Paragraph text
- Non-discriminatory access to the resources required for sustainable food production, such as agricultural land, water, seeds, fertilizers and technical knowledge, must also be guaranteed. Support for small-scale family farmers and food producers should be paramount in the adoption of future policies related to food security and food sovereignty. Policy prescriptions that typically call for the expansion of industrial-scale agricultural development and ignore the real threats to global food supply (such as biofuel expansion, inadequate investment in climate-resilient agriculture, lagging support for small-scale farmers and women food producers and the massive loss of food to spoilage and waste) must be reconsidered. It is imperative that a human rights-based approach to food security is adopted in order to eliminate hunger and provide access to healthy, nutritious and affordable food for all. In that regard, the Special Rapporteur proposes to adopt a qualitative rather than quantitative approach to the right to food during her mandate, in response to the current challenges facing all States in developing national food policies.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Personas afectadas
- Families
- Women
- Año
- 2014
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 82
- Paragraph text
- Climate change poses unique and distinct threats to all aspects of food security, including availability, accessibility, adequacy and sustainability. Moreover, these threats are poised to affect a huge number of people, with 600 million additional people potentially vulnerable to malnutrition by 2080. Manifestations of climate change, such as an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather, global warming, a rise in sea levels and a decrease in the availability of water, have significant impacts on food security. As a result, crop failures and adverse impacts on livestock, fisheries and aquaculture will have an overall negative effect on people's livelihoods, with climate-induced food price volatility, nutritional deficiencies and diminishing quality of land and soil suitable for agricultural production a daunting reality. The consequences of failing to enact appropriate policies will pose a threat to global peace and security. As we are all living ever more interconnected lives, climate change should not be considered as affecting only those living in remote places.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 85
- Paragraph text
- This approach is wrong and counterproductive and will only serve to exacerbate the problems experienced by the current mode of agriculture. Rather, agriculture and food systems need to be reformed to ensure that they are more responsive to the challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, as evidenced by reduced reliance on fossil fuel-intensive production methods. More importantly, the reform should ensure that the right to adequate food of people is protected through appropriate levels of production as well as equitable access and just distribution.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 102
- Paragraph text
- International human rights law sets forth comprehensive State obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights. In particular, the rights to adequate food and to health provide clear protections for all people against excessive or inappropriate use of pesticides. Taking a human rights approach to pesticides guarantees the principles of universality and non-discrimination, under which human rights are guaranteed for all persons, including vulnerable groups, who disproportionately feel the burden of hazardous pesticides.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 105
- Paragraph text
- In the words of the Director-General of FAO, we have reached a turning point in agriculture. Today’s dominant agricultural model is highly problematic, not only because of damage inflicted by pesticides, but also their effects on climate change, loss of biodiversity and inability to ensure food sovereignty. These issues are intimately interlinked and must be addressed together to ensure that the right to food is achieved to its full potential. Efforts to tackle hazardous pesticides will only be successful if they address the ecological, economic and social factors that are embedded in agricultural policies, as articulated in the Sustainable Development Goals. Political will is needed to re-evaluate and challenge the vested interests, incentives and power relations that keep industrial agrochemical-dependent farming in place. Agricultural policies, trade systems and corporate influence over public policy must all be challenged if we are to move away from pesticide-reliant industrial food systems.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 103
- Paragraph text
- Implementing the right to adequate food and health requires proactive measures to eliminate harmful pesticides. Corporations have the responsibility to ensure that the chemicals they produce and sell do not pose threats to these rights. There continues to be a general lack of awareness of the dangers posed by certain pesticides, a condition exacerbated by industry efforts to downplay the harm being done as well as complacent Governments that often make misleading assertions that existing legislation and regulatory frameworks provide sufficient protection.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 101
- Paragraph text
- While the present report has illustrated that there is no shortage of international and national legislation, as well as non-binding guidelines, such instruments are failing to protect humans and the environment from hazardous pesticides. These instruments suffer from implementation, enforcement and coverage gaps, and generally fail to effectively apply the precautionary principle or meaningfully alter many business practices. Existing instruments are particularly ineffective in addressing the cross-border nature of the global pesticide market, as proven by the widespread and often legally permitted practices of exporting banned highly hazardous pesticides to third countries. These gaps and inadequacies should be confronted on the basis of human rights mechanisms.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107r
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Eliminate pesticide subsidies and instead initiate pesticide taxes, import tariffs and pesticide-use fees.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Impact of climate change on the right to food 2015, para. 83
- Paragraph text
- The imperative to feed the world in a time of climate change resonates strongly with food policymakers and has resulted in a push for large-scale agricultural models to respond to the future demand for food. However, it is has been proven that more food production does not necessarily result in fewer people suffering from hunger and malnutrition. The world has long produced enough food, sufficient not only to meet the caloric requirements of the existing global population of over 7 billion, but also to meet the needs of a population expected to reach 9 billion in 2050. Hunger and malnutrition are a function of economic and social problems, not production. Moreover, not all of the calories produced go to feed humans: one third are used to feed animals, nearly 5 per cent are used to produce biofuels and as much as one third are wasted all along the food chain.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2015
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Right to food and nutrition 2016, para. 94
- Paragraph text
- The United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition, proclaimed in April 2016, could be an effective vehicle to strengthen implementation of existing nutrition commitments. However, the United Nations and the international community need to address existing flaws within the global governance system, especially the weakness of implementation and accountability. The General Assembly has called upon the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to lead the implementation of the Decade, recommending that multi-stakeholder platforms such as the Committee on World Food Security and the Standing Committee on Nutrition be entrusted with coordinating oversight. Recognizing legitimate concerns about the influence of private interests on nutrition policymaking, a participatory process is particularly important. This makes it imperative to protect open spaces to ensure that policy formulation is consistent with the public good, which may require the empowerment of civil society.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Integrating a gender perspective in the right to food 2016, para. 88
- Paragraph text
- Over the last few decades, women have broadened and deepened their involvement in agricultural production as they increasingly shoulder the responsibility for household survival and respond to economic opportunities in commercial agriculture. This phenomenon brought the argument about gender gap in agriculture, where women's productivity as farmers falls behind that of men, and where women remains less food secure, despite their dominant role is food production. This gender gap occurs because of cultural, legal, and economic barriers, so and eliminating this discrepancy requires a holistic understanding that responds to structural discrimination and failed implementation of attempted solutions. For instance, while international development has focused on providing technical training and access to new agricultural technologies for women, there has been a lack of focus on providing women with land rights and sufficient financial resources. Moreover, women's responsibility in relation to household food security, simply feeding family and community is totally excluded from such technical and economistic solution.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Economic Rights
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Gender
- Personas afectadas
- Women
- Año
- 2016
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107q
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Encourage the pesticide industry to develop alternative pest management approaches;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107l
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Regulate corporations to respect human rights and avoid environmental damage during the entire life cycle of pesticides;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Effects of pesticides on the right to food 2017, para. 107i
- Paragraph text
- [States should:] Create buffer zones around plantations and farms until pesticides are phased out, to reduce pesticide exposure risk;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Health
- Personas afectadas
- N.A.
- Año
- 2017
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 40d
- Paragraph text
- [In order to respect the right to food, States should:] Prioritize development models that do not lead to evictions, disruptive shifts in land rights and increased land concentration. States should carefully consider the development models that they follow, as the mainstream agro-export-led model has major detrimental impacts on the access to land of vulnerable groups, disproportionately favouring the largest producers and landowners. Land investments implying an important shift in land rights should represent the last and least desirable option, acceptable only if no other investment model can achieve a similar contribution to local development and improve the livelihoods within the local communities concerned.
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Food & Nutrition
- Personas afectadas
- All
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo
Access to land and the right to food 2010, para. 40c
- Paragraph text
- [In order to respect the right to food, States should:] Respect the needs of special groups. States should implement the specific rights of indigenous peoples by demarcating their lands and territories and by providing them with specific protection. States should also protect access to fishing grounds, grazing grounds and water points for fisherfolk, herders and pastoralists, for whom the protection of commons is vital. The recognition of communal rights should extend beyond indigenous communities, at least to certain communities that entertain a similar relationship with the land, centred on the community rather than on the individual;
- Organismo
- Special Rapporteur on the right to food
- Tipo de documento
- Special Procedures' report
- Temas
- Environment
- Equality & Inclusion
- Food & Nutrition
- Governance & Rule of Law
- Social & Cultural Rights
- Personas afectadas
- Ethnic minorities
- Año
- 2010
- Tipo de párrafo
- Conclusion / Recommendation
Párrafo