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Título | Fecha de adición | Plantilla | Document | Paragraph text | Organismo | Tipo de documento | Thematics | Temas | Personas afectadas | Año |
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La niña (2018), para. 43 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | 18. Insta a todos los Estados a que promulguen, respeten y hagan cumplir estrictamente leyes y políticas para prevenir y poner fin al matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado y proteger a quienes estén en peligro de ser objeto de esas prácticas, y a que aseguren que solo se podrá contraer matrimonio con el consentimiento fundado, libre y pleno de los futuros cónyuges, promulguen y hagan cumplir estrictamente leyes relativas a la edad mínima para expresar consentimiento y contraer matrimonio, eleven la edad mínima para contraer matrimonio, impliquen a todos los interesados pertinentes, incluidas las niñas cuando sea necesario, y se aseguren de que se dé __________________ amplia difusión a esas leyes, formulen y apliquen políticas, planes de acción y programas holísticos, amplios y coordinados, y presten apoyo a las niñas y las adolescentes ya casadas y proporcionen alternativas viables y apoyo institucional, especialmente oportunidades educativas para las niñas, garanticen la supervivencia, la protección, el desarrollo y el adelanto de las niñas a fin de promover y proteger el goce pleno de sus derechos humanos y velen por su igualdad de oportunidades, lo que incluye hacer que esos planes formen parte esencial del proceso global de desarrollo de la niña; |
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La niña (2016), para. 35 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | 13. Insta a todos los Estados a que promulguen, respeten y hagan cumplir estrictamente leyes y políticas para prevenir y poner fin al matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado y proteger a quienes estén en peligro de ser objeto de esas prácticas, y a que estipulen que solo se podrá contraer matrimonio con el consentimiento fundado, libre y pleno de los futuros cónyuges, promulguen y hagan cumplir estrictamente leyes relativas a la edad mínima para expresar consentimiento y contraer matrimonio, eleven la edad mínima para contraer matrimonio, cuenten con todos los interesados pertinentes, incluidas las niñas cuando sea necesario, y se aseguren de que se dé amplia difusión a esas leyes, formulen y apliquen políticas, planes de acción y programas holísticos, amplios y coordinados, y presten apoyo a las niñas y las adolescentes ya casadas y proporcionen alternativas viables y apoyo institucional, especialmente oportunidades educativas para las niñas, garanticen la supervivencia, la protección, el desarrollo y el adelanto de las niñas a fin de promover y proteger el goce pleno de sus derechos humanos y velen por su igualdad de oportunidades, lo que incluye hacer que esos planes formen parte esencial del proceso global de desarrollo de la niña; |
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Matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado (2015), para. 22 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | 6. Alienta a las entidades y los organismos competentes de las Naciones Unidas a que sigan colaborando con los Estados Miembros y apoyándolos para desarrollar y aplicar estrategias y políticas a nivel nacional, regional e internacional dirigidas a prevenir y eliminar el matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado y apoyar a las niñas, adolescentes y mujeres ya casadas; |
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Consecuencias del matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado (2019), para. 23 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | Expresando preocupación porque los casos de matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado no se reconocen ni registran suficientemente, lo que suele llevar aparejadas la impunidad y la falta de rendición de cuentas y de acceso a la justicia, particularmente a nivel comunitario, y porque la persistencia del matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado, así como la de otras prácticas perjudiciales, expone a las mujeres y las niñas a un mayor riesgo de afrontar y padecer numerosas formas de discriminación y violencia interseccionales y a lo largo de su vida, como la violencia doméstica y la infligida por la pareja, la violación conyugal y la violencia sexual, física y psicológica, y refuerza la condición inferior que tienen las niñas y las adolescentes en la sociedad, |
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Consecuencias del matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado (2019), para. 15 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | Profundamente preocupado por los efectos de las desigualdades de género, los valores patriarcales, las normas de género discriminatorias, los estereotipos, las prácticas, las percepciones y las costumbres interseccionales y profundamente arraigados que constituyen una de las causas principales del matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado, así como de otras formas de violencia sexual y de género contra las mujeres y las niñas, y profundamente preocupado también porque la pobreza, la inseguridad, la falta de acceso a la educación y a servicios de salud, así como el embarazo en la adolescencia, están, asimismo, entre los factores que propician esta práctica perjudicial, y porque esta sigue siendo común en las zonas rurales, en las situaciones humanitarias y entre las comunidades más pobres, |
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Matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado en situaciones humanitarias (2017), para. 30 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | 10. Exhorta a los Estados a que promuevan la participación efectiva de los niños y adolescentes afectados por situaciones humanitarias, en especial las niñas, y celebren consultas activas con ellos sobre todas las cuestiones que los afecten, y a que los conciencien de sus derechos, en particular sobre los efectos negativos del matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado, mediante el establecimiento de espacios seguros, foros y redes de apoyo que proporcionen a las niñas y los niños información, preparación para la vida y competencias de liderazgo y les brinden la oportunidad de empoderarse, expresarse, participar de manera efectiva en la adopción de todas las decisiones que los afecten y convertirse en agentes de cambio en sus comunidades; |
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Matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado (2017), para. 24 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | 5. Exhorta también a los Estados a que promuevan la participación efectiva de los niños y adolescentes, en especial de las niñas, y celebren consultas activas con ellos sobre todas las cuestiones que los afecten, y a que los informen de sus derechos, incluso sobre los efectos negativos del matrimonio infantil, precoz y forzado, mediante el establecimiento de espacios seguros, foros y redes de apoyo que proporcionen a las niñas y los niños información, preparación para la vida y competencias de liderazgo y les brinden la oportunidad de empoderarse, expresarse, participar de manera efectiva en la adopción de todas decisiones que los afecten y convertirse en agentes de cambio en sus comunidades; |
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Derechos del niño: protección de los derechos del niño en el marco de la aplicación de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible (2017), para. 21 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | Haciendo notar las iniciativas y alianzas mundiales destinadas a ayudar a los países a poner en práctica los compromisos de la Agenda 2030, entre ellas la Estrategia Mundial para la Salud de la Mujer, el Niño y el Adolescente (2016-2030), la Alianza para la Salud de la Madre, el Recién Nacido y el Niño, la Alianza Mundial para Acabar con la Violencia Contra los Niños, el Programa Mundial para Acelerar las Medidas Encaminadas a Poner Fin al Matrimonio Infantil, el Programa Conjunto sobre la Mutilación/Ablación Genital Femenina, la iniciativa Ya es Hora de Terminar con la Violencia contra los Niños, la Alianza 8.7 para erradicar el trabajo forzoso, las formas contemporáneas de esclavitud, la trata de personas y el trabajo infantil, la Alianza Mundial para la Educación, la Iniciativa Mundial La Educación ante Todo, la Alianza Mundial para informar acerca de los progresos realizados en la promoción de sociedades pacíficas, justas e inclusivas, la Alianza Mundial para Acabar con los Abusos Sexuales de Niños en Línea, la Estrategia de aceleración para poner fin a la epidemia de sida a más tardar en 2030, y herramientas como las orientaciones técnicas sobre la aplicación de un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos a la ejecución de las políticas y los programas destinados a reducir y eliminar la mortalidad y morbilidad prevenibles de los niños menores de 5 años 2 , |
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Mortalidad y morbilidad prevenibles asociadas a la maternidad y derechos humanos (2016), para. 27 | 25 de feb. de 2020 | Paragraph | 3. Insta a los Estados y alienta a las demás partes interesadas, incluidas las instituciones nacionales de derechos humanos y las organizaciones no gubernamentales, a que adopten medidas a todos los niveles, aplicando un enfoque basado en los derechos humanos, para hacer frente a las causas interrelacionadas de la mortalidad y morbilidad asociadas a la maternidad, como la falta de servicios de atención de la salud accesibles, asequibles y adecuados para todas las personas, y de información y educación, la pobreza, todos los tipos de malnutrición, las prácticas nocivas, en particular los matrimonios infantiles, precoces y forzados y la mutilación genital femenina, la procreación prematura, las desigualdades de género y todas las formas de discriminación y violencia contra la mujer, y a que presten particular atención a la eliminación de todas las formas de violencia contra las mujeres y las niñas, especialmente las adolescentes, al tiempo que se asegura una participación significativa y eficaz de las mujeres y las niñas en los procesos pertinentes; |
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Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 14 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Concerned that early and forced marriage and forced sexual relationships have adverse physical, social and psychological effects on adolescent and young girls and violate their human rights, and that early childbearing and early and forced marriage reduce opportunities for adolescent and young girls to complete their education, develop employable skills and participate in community development, | Commission on Population and Development | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
Rights of the child: protection of the rights of the child in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2017, para. 20 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Noting global initiatives and partnerships to assist countries in the implementation of the commitments of the 2030 Agenda, inter alia, the Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health (2016-2030), the Partnership for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health, the Global Partnership to End Violence Against Children, the Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage, the Joint Programme on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting, the High Time to End Violence against Children initiative, Alliance 8.7 to eradicate forced labour, modern slavery, human trafficking and child labour, the Global Partnership for Education, the Global Education First Initiative, the Global Alliance for reporting progress on promoting peaceful, just and inclusive societies, the We Protect Global Alliance to End Child Sexual Abuse Online, and the Fast-Track strategy to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, and tools such as the technical guidance on the application of a human rights-based approach to the implementation of policies and programmes to reduce and eliminate preventable mortality and morbidity of children under 5 years of age, | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2017 | ||
Reflection on a 6-year tenure as Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography 2014, para. 49 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Similarly, the expansion of the Internet and social networking has had an impact on children's social norms. The exposure of children to child pornography inspires and influences their sexual practices and affects their behaviour. Prevailing standards and peer pressure has led adolescents to share sexualized images of themselves, making them vulnerable to abuse and potentially redefining some of the social limits of acceptability of child pornography. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Women’s access to justice 2015, para. 24 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Special consideration is to be given to girls (including the girl child and adolescent girls, where appropriate) because they face specific barriers to gaining access to justice. They often lack the social or legal capacity to make significant decisions about their lives in areas relating to education, health and sexual and reproductive rights. They may be forced into marriage or subjected to other harmful practices and various forms of violence. | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2015 | ||
Gender equality in the realization of the human rights to water and sanitation 2016, para. 21 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In many cultures, girls are considered adults after their first menstruation and may drop out of school, marry and start having children. Increased knowledge of menstruation by both men and women, combined with strategies to lift social taboos on menstruation, may prevent girls from being considered as adults ready for marriage but, rather, as young adolescents going through a normal phase of their development. | Special Rapporteur on the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Servile marriage 2012, para. 36 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In its general comment No. 4, the Committee on the Rights of the Child strongly urges States parties to develop and implement legislation aimed at changing prevailing attitudes, and address gender roles and stereotypes that contribute to harmful traditional practices. It also calls upon States parties to protect adolescents from all harmful traditional practices, such as early marriage, and recommends that they review and, where necessary, reform their legislation and practice to increase the minimum age for marriage with and without parental consent to 18 years, for both girls and boys. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Adolescents and youth 2012, para. 9 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Urges all States to develop, adopt and fully implement laws and to take other measures, such as policies and educational programmes, as appropriate, to eradicate harmful practices, including female genital mutilation and early and forced marriage, which are violations of the human rights of women and girls, and to intensify efforts, in cooperation with local women's and youth groups, to raise collective and individual awareness on how such harmful practices violate the human rights of women and girls; | Commission on Population and Development | Resolution |
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| 2012 | ||
Strengthening efforts to prevent and eliminate child, early and forced marriage 2015, para. 20 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Encourages relevant United Nations entities, regional and subregional organizations, civil society and other relevant actors and human rights mechanisms to continue to collaborate with and support Member States in developing and implementing strategies and policies at the national, regional and international levels to prevent and eliminate child, early and forced marriage, and to support already married girls, adolescents and women; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2015 | ||
Child, early and forced marriage in humanitarian settings 2017, para. 10 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Calls upon States to promote the meaningful participation of and active consultation with children and adolescents affected by humanitarian settings, especially girls, on all issues affecting them, and to raise awareness about their rights, including the negative impact of child, early and forced marriage, through safe spaces, forums and support networks that provide girls and boys with information, life skills and leadership skills training and opportunities to be empowered, to express themselves, to participate meaningfully in all decisions that affect them and to become agents of change within their communities; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2017 | ||
Servile marriage 2012, para. 63 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | As with domestic violence, it is difficult to obtain accurate figures of the numbers of girls and women in servile marriage. Statistics for early marriage, however, can be used as an indication. According to UNICEF, adolescent marriages (where one or both spouses are below the age of 19 years) commonly occur in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In those regions, most marriages take place between the ages of 15 and 18 years. UNICEF suggests that early marriages are often considered to be a way to protect girls, and even sometimes boys, from sexual predation, promiscuity and social ostracism. In some communities, parents perceive girls as wealth. | Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2012 | ||
Tackling the demand for the sexual exploitation of children 2016, para. 42 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | A major enabler of demand is the perception of youth, consent and virginity. Indeed, the attraction of preferential offenders who are not paedophiles to adolescents often stems from social and cultural constructs. The obsession with virginity owing to notions of purity and health is, for example, a source of demand for the sexual exploitation of children. There are thus in several regions of the world those who specifically seek to have intercourse with virgins. Concurrently, a child who has lost his or her virginity is considered in negative terms and devalued, thus being more vulnerable to sexual exploitation. Besides, the definition of a child, although set at any person under 18 in international law, varies from one culture to another and is strongly related to his or her sexual maturity. There is further confusion as a result of the varying ages of sexual consent across the world. Preferential and situational offenders will thus justify their actions by affirming, based on their personal belief or on the degree of social tolerance, that their victim was not a child or consented to his or her exploitation. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
The right of the child to freedom of expression 2014, para. 60 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In India, members of the Adolescent Girls' Clubs against Child Marriage network help to persuade families not to marry their daughters off at a young age by educating people about the harmful consequences of early marriage. They offer a lifeline not only to girls who want to resist family pressure, but also to parents afraid that going against gender-based expectations will leave their daughters ostracized. | Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2014 | ||
Comprehensive prevention strategies against sale and sexual exploitation of children 2013, para. 47 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Social norms within children's own communities - through their peers - can also constitute significant risk factors. In the context of exchanges with peers or of relationships, children, especially adolescents, may be tempted to put so-called "self generated indecent images" online, which may then be further disseminated through social media. Children may also make themselves vulnerable through online behaviours that are then exploited by criminals through grooming on the Internet and blackmailing online. Consumerism may draw children into exploitative situations so that they are able to buy specific goods. Early sexualization, conveyed through media and peers, may contribute to risky attitudes and distort perceptions by both children and adults of the criminal nature of child sexual abuse and exploitation. | Special Rapporteur on the sale and sexual exploitation of children, including child prostitution, child pornography and other child sexual abuse material | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2013 | ||
Eliminating discrimination against women in the area of health and safety, with a focus on the instrumentalization of women's bodies 2016, para. 34 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Many girls are exposed to a wide variety of practices which are harmful to their health and well-being, such as female genital mutilation, discrimination in food allocation resulting in malnutrition and discrimination in access to professional health care. Furthermore, early marriage and adolescent pregnancy have a long-lasting impact on girls' physical integrity and mental health. Pregnancy and childbirth are together the second leading cause of death among 15- to 19-year-old girls globally, putting them at the highest risk of dying or suffering serious lifelong injuries as a result of pregnancy. For example, up to 65 per cent of women with obstetric fistula, which is a severely disabling condition and often results in social exclusion, develop this condition as adolescents. | Working Group on the issue of discrimination against women in law and practice | Special Procedures' report |
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| 2016 | ||
Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 39g | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | [In exercising their obligations in relation to the health and development of adolescents, States parties shall always take fully into account the four general principles of the Convention. It is the view of the Committee that States parties must take all appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures for the realization and monitoring of the rights of adolescents to health and development as recognized in the Convention. To this end, States parties must notably fulfil the following obligations:] To protect adolescents from all harmful traditional practices, such as early marriages, honour killings and female genital mutilation; | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2003 | ||
Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 24 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | In light of articles 3, 6, 12, 19 and 24 (3) of the Convention, States parties should take all effective measures to eliminate all acts and activities which threaten the right to life of adolescents, including honour killings. The Committee strongly urges States parties to develop and implement awareness-raising campaigns, education programmes and legislation aimed at changing prevailing attitudes, and address gender roles and stereotypes that contribute to harmful traditional practices. Further, States parties should facilitate the establishment of multidisciplinary information and advice centres regarding the harmful aspects of some traditional practices, including early marriage and female genital mutilation. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2003 | ||
Adolescent health and development in the context of the Convention of the Rights of the Child 2003, para. 10 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | The Convention defines the civil rights and freedoms of children and adolescents in its articles 13 to 17. These are fundamental in guaranteeing the right to health and development of adolescents. Article 17 states that the child has the right to "access information and material from a diversity of national and international sources, especially those aimed at the promotion of his or her social, spiritual and moral well-being and physical and mental health". The right of adolescents to access appropriate information is crucial if States parties are to promote cost effective measures, including through laws, policies and programmes, with regard to numerous health related situations, including those covered in articles 24 and 33 such as family planning, prevention of accidents, protection from harmful traditional practices, including early marriages and female genital mutilation, and the abuse of alcohol, tobacco and other harmful substances. | Committee on the Rights of the Child | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 2003 | ||
Women and health 1999, para. 12b | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | [States parties should report on their understanding of how policies and measures on health care address the health rights of women from the perspective of women's needs and interests and how it addresses distinctive features and factors that differ for women in comparison to men, such as:] Socio-economic factors that vary for women in general and some groups of women in particular. For example, unequal power relationships between women and men in the home and workplace may negatively affect women's nutrition and health. They may also be exposed to different forms of violence which can affect their health. Girl children and adolescent girls are often vulnerable to sexual abuse by older men and family members, placing them at risk of physical and psychological harm and unwanted and early pregnancy. Some cultural or traditional practices such as female genital mutilation also carry a high risk of death and disability; | Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women | General Comment / Recommendation |
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| 1999 | ||
Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 1995, para. 93 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Discrimination against girls, often resulting from son preference, in access to nutrition and health-care services endangers their current and future health and well-being. Conditions that force girls into early marriage, pregnancy and child-bearing and subject them to harmful practices, such as female genital mutilation, pose grave health risks. Adolescent girls need, but too often do not have, access to necessary health and nutrition services as they mature. Counselling and access to sexual and reproductive health information and services for adolescents are still inadequate or lacking completely, and a young woman's right to privacy, confidentiality, respect and informed consent is often not considered. Adolescent girls are both biologically and psychosocially more vulnerable than boys to sexual abuse, violence and prostitution, and to the consequences of unprotected and premature sexual relations. The trend towards early sexual experience, combined with a lack of information and services, increases the risk of unwanted and too early pregnancy, HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases, as well as unsafe abortions. Early child-bearing continues to be an impediment to improvements in the educational, economic and social status of women in all parts of the world. Overall, for young women early marriage and early motherhood can severely curtail educational and employment opportunities and are likely to have a long-term, adverse impact on the quality of their lives and the lives of their children. Young men are often not educated to respect women's self-determination and to share responsibility with women in matters of sexuality and reproduction. | Fourth World Conference on Women | Declaration / Confererence outcome document |
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| 1995 | ||
Preventable maternal mortality and morbidity and human rights 2016, para. 3 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Urges States and encourages other relevant stakeholders, including national human rights institutions and non-governmental organizations, to take action at all levels, utilizing a human rights-based approach to address the interlinked causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, such as lack of accessible, affordable and appropriate health-care services for all, and of information and education, poverty, all types of malnutrition, harmful practices, including child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, early childbearing, gender inequalities and all forms of discrimination and violence against women, and to pay particular attention to eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls, especially adolescent girls, while ensuring the meaningful and effective participation of women and girls in the relevant processes; | United Nations Human Rights Council | Resolution |
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| 2016 | ||
Child, early and forced marriage 2016, para. 5 | 19 de ago. de 2019 | Paragraph | Also calls upon States to promote the meaningful participation of and active consultation with children and adolescents, especially girls, on all issues affecting them and to raise awareness about their rights, including the negative impact of child, early and forced marriage, through safe spaces, forums and support networks that provide girls and boys with information, life skills and leadership skills training and opportunities to be empowered, to express themselves, to participate meaningfully in all decisions that affect them and to become agents of change within their communities; | Asamblea general de las Naciones Unidas | Resolución |
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| 2016 |